基于PLC控制的小车自动化送料系统设计(毕业论文)

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西安航空职业技术学院

毕 业 设 计(论 文)

论文题目: 基于PLC的自动控制运送料小车设计

所属系部:

指导老师: 职 称:

学生姓名: 学 号:

专 业:

西安航空职业技术学院制

西安航空职业技术学院

毕业设计(论文)任务书

题目: 基于PLC的自动控制运送料小车设计

任务与要求:

1实现送料小车的手动和自动化的转化 2根据控制要求进行了小车系统的具体设计

3画端子接线图、梯形图(分段设计说明和系统总梯形图)和程序指令 时间:20**年 8月 20 日 至20** 年 10 月 20 日 共 8 周 所属系部: 电子工程系 学生姓名: 学 号: 专业: 应用电子

指导单位或教研室: 西安航空职业技术学院 指导教师:

职 称: 讲师

西安航空职业技术学院制

摘 要

可编程序控制器(Programmable controller)简称PLC,由于PLC的可靠性高、环境适应性强、灵活通用、使用方便、维护简单,所以PLC的应用领域在迅速扩大。对早期的PLC,凡是有继电器的地方,都可采用。而对当今的PLC几乎可以说凡是需要控制系统存在的地方就需要PLC。尤其是近几年来,PLC的成本下降,功能又不段增强,所以,目前PLC在国内外已被广泛应用于各个行业。

本设计是为了实现送料小车的手动和自动化的转化,改变以往小车的单纯手动送料,减少了劳动力,提高了生产效率,实现了自动化生产!而且本送料小车的设计是由于工作环境恶劣,不允许人进入工作环境的情况下孕育而成的。

本文从第一章送料小车的系统方案的确定为切入点,介绍了为什么选用PLC控制小车;第二章介绍了送料小车的应达到的控制要求;第三章STEP7-Micro/WIN32编程软件介绍及功能;第四章根据控制要求进行了小车系统的具体设计,包括端子接线图、梯形图(分段设计说明和系统总梯形图)和程序指令设计;最后得出结论。

关键词:PLC;送料小车;控制;程序设计

Abstract

Programmable logic controller referred to PLC ,because of the high reliability PLC adaptability,flexibility,environment,use convenient,simple maintenance,so the application of PLC in the rapidly expanding. In early PLC ,always have relays place,can use. But in today's PLC to control system that almost say there is need of place of PLC. Especially in recent years, the cost of PLC , function and not increase, so,at the moment,PLC at home and abroad,has been widely used in various industries.

In order to achieve the design of the car feed the transformation of manual and automated,simple to change the past,car manual feed,a reduction of the workforce, increased productivity,automated production! Feeding and the car is designed to be as a result of bad working conditions are not allowed to enter the working environment of the circumstances formed.

This article from the first chapter of the feed system of the car identified as an entry point to introduce a car Why choose PLC control; Chapter II introduced the car feed the control requirements to be met; Chapter III under the control of the car system to carry out the specific design,including the terminal wiring diagram,ladder diagram (Sub-total system design descriptions and ladder) and procedures for instruction design; the final conclusion.

Key words: PLC; Feeding Car; Control; Program Design

目录

前 言 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1 控制系统介绍和控制过程要求 ............................................................................................ 2

1.1 控制系统在送料小车中的作用与地位 ······································································ 2 1.2 控制系统介绍 ············································································································ 2 2送料小车系统方案的选择 .................................................................................................... 4

2.1 可编程控制器 PLC的优点 ······················································································· 4 2.2 小车送料系统方案的选择 ························································································· 5 3 STEP7-Micro/WIN32编程软件介绍及功能 ........................................................................ 6

3.1 STEP7-Micro/WIN32编程软件介绍 ·········································································· 6 3.2、基本功能 ·················································································································· 6 3.3、其他功能 ·················································································································· 6 4基于PLC的送料小车接线图及梯形图 ................................................................................ 9

4.2 PLC端子接线图 ······································································································· 10 4.3 梯形图分段设计 ······································································································ 12 4.4 程序运行原理说明调试与完善 ················································································ 16 4.5 系统总梯形图设计 ·································································································· 17 4.6 小车程序设计 .................................................................................................................. 22 结 论 ...................................................................................................................................... 27 谢 辞 ...................................................................................................................................... 28 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................ 29

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

图4-5 小车1左右自动送料运行程序图

就可以向小车要料了,M1.0-M1.3分别代表小车2的1号料仓到4号料仓的要料状态。运料小车2当前所处位置由I1.0-I1.3,运料小车2的右行,左行,停止(5)小车2自动送料运行程序,把小车2送到指定位置后,四个仓位控制由Q1.4、Q1.5。小车到位后,用上微分操作(P)来清除料仓要料状态信号及控制小车停车。

15

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

小车2自动送料图4-6所示:

图4-6 小车2左右自动送料运行程序图

4.4 程序运行原理说明调试与完善

本程序是用梯形图所写的。在运行前,先选择工作方式,手动/自动。

选择手动SA6时,把上/下、左/右转换开关旋转到上/下档SA1,按下SB5起

16

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

动点动按钮,推车机上行,按下SB6停止点动按钮,推车机下行;把上/下、左/右转换开关旋转到左/右档SA2,再选择小车的单动、联动控制,小车1单动时把单动/联动转换开关旋转到单动档SA3,两小车联动时旋转到联动档SA4,小车2单动时旋转到单动档SA5,这时按下起动按钮SB5,油缸推动小车左行,按下停止按钮SB6,油缸缩回。选择自动SA7时,按下起动按钮SB5,推车机开始上行,碰到上限行程开关SQ6时停车,两缸自动推出小车,小车碰到左限行程开关SQ5、SQ10时,说明小车到位,各个仓位可以向小车要料,这时两缸自动缩回,碰到右限行程开关SQ8、SQ9时,推车机自动下行,下行到位后(碰到SQ7)停车。只有再次按下起动按钮SB5,才能再次运行。

手动程序中设置了联锁和保护电路。如推车机的上行、下行常闭触点的联锁,推车机上下行行程有行程开关SQ6、SQ7控制保护。自动程序是根据推车机的位置、油缸的位置来控制电路执行下一条指令的。

油缸把小车推到位后,小车处于准备送料的初始位置,这时1-4号仓位都可以向小车要料。本设计中要料时刻不同时,先要料者优先,但是要料时刻相同时,却不知道小车向哪个仓位送料,需要改进。

4.5 系统总梯形图设计

由以上,我们画出送料小车系统的总梯形图,其中包括推车机的手动控制程序、自动控制程序、送料小车1控制程序、送料小车2控制程序。

如下图4-7所示:

17

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

图4-7送料小车梯形图(a)

18

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

图4-7 送料小车梯形图(b)

19

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

20

图4-7 送料小车梯形图(c)

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

图4-7 送料小车梯形图(d)

21

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

4.6 小车程序设计

由系统总梯形图,我们写出送料小车的程序指令,如下表3-2所示:

表4-2 送料小车程序指令表 LDN JMP LD LPS A AN = LPP A AN = LD = LD O A A A AN = LD O AN = LD O 22

I3.0 0 I3.2 I2.6 I2.0 Q2.0 I2.7 I2.1 Q2.1 I3.5 M2.0 I3.4 M2.0 I3.3 I3.3 I2.6 I2.5 Q0.6 I2.5 M2.1 I0.3 M2.1 I3.6 M2.0 A A AN = LD O AN = LD O A A AN = LD O A A AN = LBL LDN JMP LD O AN I3.3 I2.6 I2.4 Q1.6 I2.4 M2.2 I1.3 M2.2 I3.4 M2.0 I3.3 I2.7 I2.2 Q0.7 I3.6 M2.0 I3.3 I2.7 I2.3 Q1.7 0 I3.1 1 I2.6 Q2.0 I2.0 基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

AN AN = LD O AN AN AN = LD O AN = LD O AN AN AN = LD O AN = LD O AN AN AN = Q2.1 I2.7 Q2.0 I2.0 Q0.6 I2.5 Q0.7 I2.7 Q0.6 I2.5 M2.1 I0.3 M2.1 I2.0 Q1.6 I2.4 Q1.7 I2.7 Q1.6 I2.4 M2.2 I1.3 M2.2 I2.5 Q0.7 I2.2 Q0.6 I2.7 Q0.7 O AN AN AN = LD AN O AN AN AN = LBL LD AN AN AN S S LD AN AN AN S S LD AN AN AN Q1.7 I2.3 Q1.6 I2.7 Q1.7 I2.5 I2.4 Q2.1 Q2.0 I2.1 I2.7 Q2.1 1 I0.4 M0.1 M0.2 M0.3 M0.0 Q0.0 I0.5 M0.0 M0.2 M0.3 M0.1 Q0.1 I0.6 M0.0 M0.1 M0.3 1 1 1 1 23

基于PLC的自动控制运料小车的设计

LD S LD AN AN AN S S LD A LD A OLD LD A OLD LD A OLD EU R R LD O O A LD O A OLD 24

I2.4 Q0.2 I0.7 M0.0 M0.1 M0.2 M0.3 Q0.3 I0.0 M0.0 I0.1 M0.1 I0.2 M0.2 I0.3 M0.3 Q0.0 M0.0 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I.7 I0.0 I0.1 I0.6 1 1 1 6 4 S A OLD AN S LD O O O A LD O O A OLD LD O A OLD LD A OLD AN S LD AN AN AN S S M0.2 I0.5 Q0.5 Q0.4 I0.3 I0.2 I0.1 M2.1 I0.4 I0.3 I0.2 M2.1 I0.5 I0.3 M2.1 I0.6 M2.1 I0.7 Q0.4 Q0.5 I1.4 M1.1 M1.2 M1.3 M1.0 Q1.0 1 1 1 1

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