最新-高中语文 形容词基本定义和用法 精品

形容词基本定义和用法

一，形容词的类别--按结构分类

1. 单一形容词许多形容词是单一的词。

2. –ing形容词即词尾是ing的形容词。

1）由及物动词的现在分词转化而来，其中许多是品质形容词，有时能用于最高级, 如：most disappointing， most exciting等。

2）由不及物动词的现在分词转化而来，不能用于比较级，而且只能做定语，如existing, rising 等。

3）加有短小副词前缀的由现在分词转化来的形容词，

如：ongoing, outstanding, incoming等。

4）与动词的现在分词无关的ing结尾的形容词，如：neighbouring

3. –ed形容词即词尾是ed的形容词。

1）由及物动词的过去分词转化而来。

A. 多为品质形容词，具有被动含义，如：amused, bored, 等。

B. 有些是类属形容词，不能用于比较级，如：required, infected armed, fixed, cooked

等。

2）由不及物动词的过去分词转化而来，不能用于比较级，而且只能做定语，如existed等。

3）加有副词前缀的过去分词转化来的形容词，如：well-equipped, powerfully-built, highly-developed等。

4) 与过去分词无关的ed结尾的形容词，如：beloved。

5) 名词+ed构成的形容词，如：winged, flowered, salaried等。

4. 复合形容词

1）形容词-名词ed：soft-hearted narrow-minded

2) 副词-过去分词：low-paid poorly-written

3) 形容词-现在分词：nice-looking fine-sounding

4) 副词-现在分词：hard-working long-standing

5) 名词-现在分词：labour-saving heart-breaking

6) 形容词-名词：white-collar full-time

7) 名词-过去分词：tree-lined road

8) 名词-形容词：duty-fee shop 9) 过去分词-副词：cast-off shoes

10) 副词-副词：all-out attempt 11) 动词-副词：take-home pay

12) 数词-名词：two-piece suit

还有由短语、短句转化而成的三个词或更多的词构成的复合形容词：heart-to-heart talk out-of-the-way place (a lonely place)

二，形容词的类别--按作用分类

1. 表语形容词只用作表语的形容词/在一定的结构中用作表语的形容词

这类词有些也可以做定语，但意义不同(如ill,ready等)

1) a-为字首的形容词：afraid, asleep, alive, alone, ashamed等

2) 其它字母为首的形容词：content, due, glad, likely, ready, sorry等

3）表示身体健康的形容词：ill, well, unwell, faint等

4）后接to的形容词组：devoted to, close to, next to, near to等

5）后接of的形容词组：aware of, full of, fond of, capable of 等

6）后接其它介词的形容词组：responsible for, dependent on, lacking in等

7) 后接其它不定式或that从句的形容词组。

A. 接其它不定式: liable to do…, fit to be ….

B. 接that从句: confident that …., happy that….

2. 定语形容词只用作定语的形容词。

1) 全部强调形容词：total, pure, real, true等。

2) 多数颜色形容词。Red, brown, blue, white等

3）大量类属形容词：east, west, indoor, outdoor, woolen等。

4）个别表语形容词

A. sure: a sure thing

B. glad: glad news

C. sorry: sorry one

D. fond: fond hopes

E. ill: ill comments

F. ready: ready answer

3. 补语形容词宾语补语在本质上是表语，所以表语形容词均可做补语：

I found her ill. I hope to see you well soon.

4. 状语形容词状语形容词通常引导一个短语，在本质上是表语，实际上是一个省略了主语和系词

的句子。

She grasped my hands, unable to say anything.

5. 同位语形容词某些形容词可做同位语.

1) 类似后置定语:

He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and English.

2) 类似表语: I found Jim, unconscious, a few hours later.

6. 名词化形容词

1）the+形容词。

A. 表示一类人：the poor the lazy the old the young the dead

B. 表示一类事物：the difficult the impossible the unexpected

C. 表示一类品质：the new

2) 介词+ 形容词构成的固定词组：

from bad to worse for sure for certain for free for short in short in general in full at least at most

副词

副词的类别

1. 按对象分类

1）修饰动词

A. 时间副词：now recently

B. 频度副词：always often

C. 地点副词：nearby in at

D. 方式副词：clearly badly gently

E. 程度副词: almost poorly

F. 强调副词：simply truly quite

G. 方位副词：inside backwards

H. 方面副词：morally socially

2) 句子副词，用于修饰整个句子，可以同enough配合使用，如maybe, actually,

fortunately, surely, luckily, funnily等。

3）引导句子

A. 疑问副词：when where how why 引导特殊疑问句

B. 连接副词：when where how why 引导状语从句

C. 关系副词：when where how why 引导定于从句

副词在句子中的作用

1. 做状语，修饰各种形式的动词。

2. 做表语，只限于那些既可做介词，又可做副词的小品词in out up down back 等。The

light is still on. Are you through (with your work)?

3. 做宾语补足语，只限于上述的小品词。

Keep your coat on if you feel cold. I want it back now.

4. 做定语，只限于上述的小品词。

Write your name in the place below.

The building around were badly damaged.

5. 做短语动词的一部分，只限于上述的小品词：give off go on get on

副词在句子中的位置

副词在句子中的位置多变，基本取决于其修饰对象在意义表达上的需要。

1. 后置

1）多数副词在动词之后：He works hard.

2）多数副词动在宾语之后： He’ll come and see you tomorrow.

2. 中置

1）副词在主语和动词之间。

A. 宾语较长，为避免副词离动词过远：

He carefully picked up all the bits of the broken glass.

B. 含义为关于性格、智力的副词：

I foolishly forgot my passport. He warmly welcomed us.

2) 出于表达意义的需要，下列副词中置。suddenly, soon, nearly, surely, almost, just, still,

really等

A. 在主语和动词之间：

I almost forgot about it. She suddenly fell ill.

B. 在系词和表语之间：

The meeting is just over.

3. 前置

1) 副词在句首

A. 强调. 如：recently, indeed, really, apparently, indoors, 等:

Recently I haven’t been feeling well.

Indoors it was nice and warm.

B. 疑问副词：How are things going?

Surely you’ll stay for dinner.

Luckily, she was in when I called. Honestly, I don’t know.

Funnily enough, I met her only yesterday.

2) 程度副词放在其所修饰的词的前面：I wasn’t much surprised.

3) only和even 放在于其意义最密切相关的词的前面，是逻辑中心。

Only he knows some English. He can only read; he can’t speak.

She speaks only French. I’ll stay only for two days.

Even he doesn’t know this word. She even helped us to do that.

Even at night he seldom relaxed. It was cold even in August.

练习

1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)

A. most cleverest

B. more clever

C. cleverest

D. cleverer

2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)

A. most

B. almost

C. mostly

D. at most

3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)

A. such an interesting

B. such interesting a

C. so an interesting

D. a so interesting

4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)

A. few, much

B. few, many

C. little, much

D. little, many

5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did. (MET88)

A. as faster as

B. so fast than

C. so fast as

D. as fast as

6. The story sounds___ . (MET89)

A. to be true

B. as true

C. being true

D. true

7. I'd been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there weren't ___ for me. (MET89)

A. some; any

B. many; a few

C. some; one

D. a few; none

8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)

A. as less; as

B. as few; as

C. less; than

D. fewer; than

9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90)

A. as twice many

B. as many twice

C. twice as many

D. twice many as

10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90)

A. cheaper; not as better

B. more cheaper; not as better

C. cheaper; not as good

D. more cheap; not as good

11. ---Can I help you?

---Well, I'm afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)

A. so

B. much

C. very

D. too

12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?

---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)

A. not now

B. no more

C. not still

D. no longer

13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90)

A. less; less

B. fewer; fewer

C. less; fewer

D. fewer; less

14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90)

A. How a pleasant surprise

B. How pleasant surprise

C. What a pleasant surprise

D. What pleasant surprise

15. ---How did you find your visit to museum?

---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91)

A. far more interesting

B. even much interesting

C. so more interesting

D. a lot much interesting

16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91)

A. any

B. any other

C. other

D. another

17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91)

A. good

B. well

C. to be good

D. to be well

18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)

A. more

B. much more

C. much

D. more much

19. ___ food you've cooked! (NMET91 )

A. How a nice

B. What a nice

C. How nice

D. What nice

20. Go and get your coat. It's ___ you left it. (MET92)

A. there

B. where

C. there where

D. where there

21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92)

A. open

B. to be opened

C. to open

D. opening

22. ---Are you feeling ___?

---Yes, I' m fine now. (NMET92)

A. any well

B. any better

C. quite good

D. quite better

23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92)

A. a large

B. larger

C. a larger

D. the larger

24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?

---Sorry, I can't. He ___. (MET92)

A. doesn't any more work here

B. doesn't any longer here work

C. doesn't work any more here

D. doesn't work here any longer

25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92)

A. often

B. soon

C. long

D. rapid

26. ___ terrible weather we've been having these days! (MET92)

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