供配电外文翻译

附录一中文译文

消 防

随着我国经济的快速发展，人民生活水平不断提高，城市一天一天变得焦虑，敦促着城市如何面对未来的发展方向。这种高级的民间建筑所需的维修材料和方式多样化，用电的负载天然气和煤炭消费量扩大，对火灾自动报警系统的设计提出更高更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产安全，火灾自动报警系统的设计已成为高水平民用建筑设计一个最重要的设计内容。目前经有经验的高层民用建筑师在监督共工作基础上讨论，在火灾报警系统设计的基础上提出国家有关标准和标准不清楚标准的细节的一些浅显的意见。 （1）设计依据

火灾自动报警系统的设计，是一个专业性很强的技术工作，同时，还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应该在设计基础上明确以下几点：

第一，必须把握建筑设计的防火标准，该系统的设计标准，设备制造标准，安装施工验收规范和管理的法律法规等五大方面的消防法律，法规，并在实际了解目前有关国家标准和标准关键字：“必须”，“应该”，“适合”，“五一”和反面：“严格禁止”，“不应该”，“没有”，“不适合”的含义。

第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，使用和保护对象的防火等级，认真执行现行国家有关标准和规定，切实履行公安消防监督部门审批意见。 （2）火灾自动报警系统设备建立

1火灾探测器的建立 ○

敞开的空间或楼梯间应单独划分搜索范围，每2?3建立火灾探测器。

第一个房间（包括对防烟楼梯间前的警卫，前室，消防电梯前室，消防电梯烟楼梯间派上用场，对前室的警卫）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别前室和电梯，分散的楼梯间和想通的过道，烟雾更容易聚集或流动，人员分散，从而节省防火目标，因此应安装火灾探测器。关于房间前面的普通电梯虽然不是分散人员，但这个前室和电梯井是相通的，烟雾容易聚集或流动，适当单独划分搜索范围，并安装防火探测器。

电缆轴因为很容易形成输出火灾的通道，发生火灾时火势不容易沿电缆延伸，为此，

“高层民用建筑设计防火规范”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出的建设和在电线或电缆塑造了详细具体的规定。但考虑到具体实施的困难和目前的情况，电缆轴安装火灾探测器是非常必要的，考虑坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2?3个或每个级别安装。

电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直运输工具，它的两个电梯机房，是具有火灾危险的，它的三个电梯井必须有预留的洞口，如同升降门得开在通风口和预留口之间，持久打开电梯机房或滑轮等孔，它的四口当有火灾时，电梯井往往成为火势蔓延的通道，很容易威胁到电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房，建立火灾探测器是必要的，也适合将火灾探测器建立在电梯井上。

2手动火灾报警按钮建立 ○

（包括在防烟楼梯间前在各楼层前室，消防电梯前室，消防电梯对烟楼梯间来派上用场前室与警卫看守）发生火灾时人员分散，应当是设立手动火警报警按钮的首选地点。此外，房间也应在前面建立向警方举报的普通电梯的手动火警按钮。在公共活动场所（包括大厅，礼堂，饭厅，多功能厅等）和主要干道等地方，是集中所有工作人员的主要疏散通道。因此应该向警方报案，在这些积极的公共地方的主要通道设立火灾按钮，建立手动火警按钮，在主干道向警察报告，以保证向最近的警方报告，从防火区的按钮距离任何位置，不应该是大于30米。

3消防应急广播喇叭建立 ○

走道，大厅，餐厅和公共场所人员都集中，是主要疏散通道。因此在这些公共场所“最近一个扬声器的距离应不大于25米，从一个防火区内的任何部位到走廊末端不大于12.5米的距离应建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应该建立在公共浴室等地方建立紧急消防广播扬声器。

第一个房间（包括对防烟楼梯间前的警卫，前室，消防电梯前室与警卫对烟楼梯间来派上用场前室，消防电梯）是发生火灾时的人员驱散主要通道，不仅节省防火的目标，还具有防火门和分离混乱的人群和嘈杂的声音，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在普通电梯的房间前，也应该建立消防应急广播喇叭。疏散楼梯在发生火灾时也有人员驱散作用，不仅起到防火的作用，也减轻人们噪杂的声音，因此也应建立消防应急广播喇叭，有利于消防紧急广播驱散指令。

4火灾报警装置建立 ○

建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装火灾报警装置，它的控

制程序应该是：在确认火灾后，采用手动或自动控制模式统一启动报警器对相关区域传输警告，停止报警器工作后，在规定的时间，迅速联动消防应急广播和群众广播疏散指令。

火灾报警装置安装位置，笔者认为应与手动火警报警按钮的位置相同，其安装应与地面相距1.8米高度。

5特殊用途的消防电话建立 ○

安装使用消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房，这也涉及一些人值班，经常与消防联动控制区域（包括消防水源厂，备用发电机房，比赛变电站，主要是通风空调发动机室，排烟机房，消防电梯机房及其他），消防控制系统操作设备的地方或控制室，消防值班人员观察室，安全管理斑等公共空间联系。电梯的包厢，消防电梯和普通电梯，所有应设特殊用途的电话，要求电梯机房和电梯厢，电梯机房，消防控制室，电梯轿厢和消防控制室和对讲通信电话系统等三个成分是可靠的。通常在消防控制室建立电梯监控显示板（包括位置指示器，方向指示灯，讲电话通信，故障指示灯等），以监视电梯的运行状态和紧急情况下进行必要的控制。

配备手动火警报告，向警方报告位置的按钮等，消火栓按钮还应该安装消防特殊用途的电话插座。 （3）消防联动控制 1消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵打开，停止，也应显示出打开泵按钮的位置和消○

防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮，其电气安装工作现场也应表现出消防泵的工作状态（即建立消防泵工作指示灯）。

2消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾灭火系统的启停，○也应显示出消防泵的工

作和故障和流畅的画面，向警方报告安全信号阀工作状态。此外，水箱水位也应进行示范显示器上，为了防止检修信号阀被关闭，笔者认为应使用电信号控制信号阀，以证明它打开。

3消防联动控制其他控件和示范作用，○应按照现行国家有关规范和标准的具体规定。

（4）火灾自动报警系统布线

为了防止发生火灾时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散是时使消防工作无法进行，造成更大的经济损失，例如产生电磁干扰（例如变压器，电机，电缆和火灾自动报警系统产生的影响等）。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和警戒线应该使用阻

燃电缆，应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。电力电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。

笔者基于项目实施的经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计的实际问题，并建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线翻出一些粗浅的意见，其目的是提高火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，及早发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，保护人身和财产安全。

出处：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5e02f0940100j2ob.html

办公自动化

随着网络技术和软件技术，特别是Internet / Intranet网络和相关技术的飞速发展，带来了全球竞争日益加剧，对传统的办公和生活方式产生巨大影响，所有的企业都面临着严峻的挑战，作为企业员工应对所有相关信息及时交流，共同努力，有效的抓住稍纵即逝的机会，将是在激烈的市场竞争中战胜这种情况的关键，越来越多的企业打算在计算机网络技术的日常管理上改变过去简单的手工分享企业内部信息的办公方式，共同努力，科学管理和决策，提高效率，增强企业的竞争力。 （1）国内和国际的办公自动化的发展趋势

1传统的办公模式 ○

传统的办公模式主要基于纸张书面处理，多语言处理系统，轻印刷系统文件管理系统。这种模式无法实现信息共享，交换，转让，不能在单位，企业协调实现，如音频视频扫描对象，如图形多媒体信息的超文本信息，有效的非文本。同时，传统的电子邮件在办公室没有提供良好的工作流程的支持，它很难在不同的情况不同的工作状态提供不同的措施，更好地跟踪处理。部门之间的沟通往往是通过电话和传真。信息的交换和共享，团队合作经营不能完全实现，极大地限制了效率。

2办公自动化 ○

办公自动化是近几年计算机科学发展的新概念。过去叫做办公自动化，英文简称OA。办公自动化，一般是指日常业务的自动化，办公自动化是包括大规模信息处理系统的网络。一个企业的办公自动化执行情况是其现代化管理程度的标志。

3网络办公模式 ○

网络办公是利用Internet / Intranet技术，基于工作流程的概念，使内部员工迅速和轻松地共享信息，高效地协同工作，不仅包括个人的办公效率，更重要的是，使团体共同努力。改变复杂低效的手工办公方式，实现更快，全方位的信息采集信息处理，为企业管理和决策提供科学依据。由于网络的存在，沟通和协调，几乎是瞬间，而不必担心彼此间是否有电话，或是传真机可用。

4办公自动化发展趋势 ○

三大核心技术：网络通讯技术，计算机技术和数据库技术的成熟，已经进入世界OA新的层次，新的系统有四个新特点：

a）整合：整合硬件，软件和网络产品，人员和系统集成，用一个单一的公共信息系统集成办公系统，形成了一个开放式系统“无缝集成”。

b）智能化：对于常规治疗，有助于情报工作的完成。例如： 汉字识别理解，深层次文件内容处理，决策和事故处理等。

c）多媒体；包括数字文字，声音和动画图像合成处理。

d）使用电子数据交换（EDI）；通过数据通信网络，计算机和自动化之间的交流。 办公自动化的发展趋势要求企业使用综合数据库系统提供的信息，做出决策的问题，需要建设或使用数字模式，为实施决策过程中的内部和外部提供条件，由计算机结合做出相应的决策。

（2）目前的经营状况和办公自动化的问题

1办公自动化系统的当前状态 ○

近年来，基于Intranet的OA系统构建协调人与办公环境，并实现内部和外部的信息传递，工作安排，团队协作，工作流自动化应用等，极大地改变了传统的人工工作，提高管理水平和工作效率，节省办公空间。据悉思科网络公司，网络基础设施OA办公自动化系统比没有自动化系统效率提高50％。在丹佛，销售，营销，技术和管理人员都配备电脑，打印机，调制解调器和其他设备，IBM分支机构可以在办公室的任何地方办公，美国最大的会计公司安达信，实施网络OA办公空间将减少一半。这个地方可以在任何地方办公，虚拟办公室已席卷全国。

中国办公自动化根据目前的发展水平，通过长期的发展，办公自动化业务大致可分为以下四个阶段：

a）起步慢，仍保持在使用没有联网的计算机，使用MSOffice系列﹑WPS系列应用软件，以提高个人办公效率。

b）已建立了自己的Intranet网络，但没有很好的应用支持的协同工作，仍然是个人办公。网络闲置，投资公司并没有产生预期的效果。

c）建立了自己的Intranet网络内部员工通过电子邮件交流信息，共同努力，实现有限的利用，但没有产生显著的效益。

d）建立了自己的Intranet网络，使用一般的办公自动化系统的二次开发;可以更好地支持信息共享和协作，开放的渠道与外界联系，通过互联网发布，广告产品的技术服务业务; Intranet网络运营商已经产生了积极的商业利益。现在正在开发或已经在使

用业务定制的综合办公自动化系统，实现科学管理和决策，提高企业的竞争力，使企业不断发展壮大。

2企业面对的办公自动化问题 ○

中国从80年代，特别是进入90年代，进入办公自动化的快速发展。从中国进口或编辑的初始问题，处理查询，检索单机应用软件发展成一个现代化的办公系统，网络发布，个人办公业务系统通过网络连成一片，随着计算机技术，办公自动化系统的发展，通过远程网络连接成一个更大范围的办公自动化系统。建立企业网（Intranet），外部（外部），办公自动化的发展已成为必然趋势。目前，实现办公自动化的进程，有以下问题需要注意：

a）效率：大多数非计算机专业人士，办公室的工作人员，他们的特定的计算机硬件知识，计算机操作系统和知识的缺乏，将导致办公效率降低，使系统管理员工作量增加，如系统维护和软件升级。计算机技术的飞速发展，可以说，升级软件和硬件将变得更加频繁，这意味着使用该系统后，成本增高。

b）安全；更好的理解个人信息的价值，从而对存储信息的保密性，有更多的关注，给被病毒破坏的系统信息以致命一击。

3企业办公自动化 ○

办公自动化已经成为企业界的共识。许多企业认识到尽快办公自动化，处于领先地位将有助于保持企业竞争力，使企业发展良性循环。

办公自动化的实施应该考虑企业的实际情况，主要是企业的经济实力。根据上述分析，四类办公自动化应区别对待：

a）一流的办公自动化企业需要更多的投入，这是要建立企业内部网络，但随着办公自动化系统的发展，需要有较强的经济实力来完成。

b）第二﹑第三类企业，作为企业的Intranet网络已经存在，但没有或没有好的办公应用系统，所以只需要使用紫金网络开发通用办公自动化系统，长生较高的投资回报。甚至一步到位开发综合办公自动化系统的网络，使其在投资中产生较少的投资和较高的经济效益比。

3对于第四类业务，因为它只是基础的办公自动化，只需较小的投资，就可以达到○

目前办公自动化的较高水平。

出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/local/archive/2010/06/06/1752820.html

附录二外文资料原文

Fire Fighting

Along with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes. First, design basis

The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis:

1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: \\supposed\\be suitable\\and the reverse side word: \ suitable\

2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard,

earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.

Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishment Fire detector establishment

Opens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.

The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector.

The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, \high level civil construction design fire protection standard\and \civil construction electricity design standard\separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.

The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air

vent, the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.

2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment

(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.

In the public active place (including hall, hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee \a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters\

3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishment

The aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places \a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot\and \the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance\the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.

The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.

4th, fire alarm installment establishment

The establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.

The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly 5th, fire special use telephone establishment

Installs the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security

manages spot and so on public room. Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle. Third, fire linkage control

1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp).

2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition.

3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation. Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiring

In order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection.

The author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.

Office Automation

With the network technology and software technology, especially internet / intranet and related emergence of the rapid development of technology has brought global competition growing, the traditional office and way of life had a huge impact all businesses are facing serious challenges, the enterprise employees as a team for the timely exchange of all relevant information to efficiently work together to grasp fleeting opportunities, will be in the fierce market competition to win key Faced with this situation, more and more enterprises intend to or are in the computer network technology into the daily management of up to change the way past simple manual office for information sharing within the enterprise to work together and even scientific management and decision-making to enhance efficiency, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

A. Domestic and international trends in the development of office automation 1. The traditional office model

The traditional office model based mainly on paper at a paper processing, multi-language processing system that light printing system document management system. This model can not achieve information sharing, exchange, transfer; can not be achieved within the unit, enterprise coordination; difficult for non-text such as audio video scan objects such as graphics multimedia information hypertext information effectively. Meanwhile, the traditional e-mail during office did not provide good support for the workflow, it is difficult under different circumstances in different working status different measures, and better tracking of transactions processing. Communication between departments is often achieved through the telephone and fax. Information exchange and sharing, and cooperative operation of the team can not be perfectly realized, greatly limits the efficiency. 2. Office Automation

Office automation is the development of computer science in recent years with the proposed new concept. English formerly known as office automation office automation, abbreviated as OA, office automation systems to achieve the office generally refers to the automation of routine business, and office automation include the network of large-scale

information processing systems. Implementation of an enterprise is also a measure of the degree of office automation to modernize management of its mark. 3. Network Office Mode

Network Office is the use of internet / intranet technology, based on the concept of workflow, so that internal staff to quickly and easily share information, work together efficiently; not only cover personal office efficiency, more importantly, enables groups to work together. Change the inefficient manual office complex way, to achieve faster, full range of information collection information processing, enterprise management and scientific basis for decision-making. As the network exists, communication and coordination can almost instantaneous, and not worry about whether the telephone next to each other or whether there are fax machines available.

4. The development trend of office automation With the three core pillars of technology: network communication technology, computer technology and database technology matures, the world's OA has entered a new level of hierarchy in the new system has four new features: (1) integration. The integration of hardware, software and network products, people and systems integration, office systems with a single public information system integration, formed a \(2) intelligent. For routine treatment, helps in the completion of intelligence work. Such as: Chinese character recognition, on understanding and deep document content processing, help policy-making and handling of accidents and so on. (3) multimedia. Including digital text, sound and animation image synthesis processing. (4) the use of electronic data interchange (EDI). Through data communications network, the exchange between the computer and automation.

The trend of office automation require businesses to use the integrated database system provides information for decision-making issues required to construct or use decision-making digital mode, combined with the internal and external conditions for the implementation of decision-making process by the computer to make the corresponding decision-making. B. The current business situation and problems of office automation 1. The current status of Office Automation

In recent years, with Intranet-based OA system constructed harmony between man and the office environment and realize the internal and external information delivery, work schedules, team collaboration, workflow automation applications, etc., greatly changed the traditional office-based artificial work to improve the management level and efficiency, saving office space. According to Cisco networking company, to network infrastructure OA OA system than no system to improve the network efficiency of 50%. IBM branch offices in Denver, the company for sales, marketing, technical and administrative personnel equipped with computers, printers, Modem and other equipment, can be anywhere in the office, was able to reduce the office from 9 to 4 layers layers; the second-largest U.S. accounting company Arthur Andersen, the implementation of the network OA office space will decrease by half. This place can be in any office of the virtual office has swept the nation.

China's office automation has gone through a long stage of development, office automation business under the current level of development can be divided into the following four categories:

(1) slow start, still remain in use without networked computers, use, ms office series﹑wps Series application software to improve the efficiency of individual office.

(2) has established its own intranet network, but not good applications supported cooperative work, still the personal office. Network is idle, the investment company did not produce the desired result. (3) has established its own intranet network and internal staff via e-mail exchange information, work together to achieve a limited, but produced no significant benefits. (4) has established its own intranet network: use of secondary development of the General Office Automation System; can better support information sharing and collaboration, contact with the outside world open channels; through internet publishing, advertising products business technical services; intranet network operators have already had a positive business benefits. Now working on the development or already in use for business custom integrated office automation system to realize the scientific management and decision-making, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises so that enterprises continue to grow and develop. 2. Enterprises face the problem of office automation

China from the 80's, in particular, into the 90's, the rapid development of office

automation. With the development of computer technology, office automation system from the initial issue of Chinese import or edit, query handling, retrieval, publishing stand-alone application software evolved into a modern office system network, through the network to individual office business systems together into one office system. And through remote network linking multiple systems into a wider range of office automation system. The establishment of the enterprise network (intranet), extranet (extranet), has become the inevitable trend of development of office automation. At present, the process of realization of office automation are the following issues need attention:

(1) efficiency. Most non-computer professionals, office staff, their knowledge of particular computer hardware, computer operating systems and lack of knowledge, leading to reduced efficiency of office, also contributed to the system administrator workload increases, such as system maintenance and software upgrades. The rapid development of computer technology can be said, upgrading software and hardware will become more frequent, which means that the system post-high cost.

(2) safety. The value of information people have a better understanding of, and thus the storage and confidentiality of the information that much more attention now, the virus destroyed all hackers will system information to a fatal blow. 3. Enterprises of office automation Office automation has become the consensus of the business community. Recognizing that many enterprises as soon as office automation, and according to a leading position will help maintain its competitive edge, so that the development of enterprises virtuous circle. The implementation of office automation should be considered the actual situation of enterprises, mainly the economic strength of enterprises. In accordance with the above analysis, four categories of Office Automation should be treated differently:

(1) The first class of office automation enterprises need more input, it is necessary to build corporate intranet network, but also the development of office automation systems, need to have stronger economic strength to complete.

(2) For the second ﹑ third class enterprise, as business intranet networks already exist but have not or do not have good office application system, so it needs only input ratio of Zijin network Touzi Shao able to develop General Office Automation System, Chan Sheng Jiao

high return on investment. Even one-step development of an integrated office automation system than the network of its investment in less investment and higher economic returns generated.

(3) For the fourth class of business, office automation because of its foundation, and only small investment can reach the current maximum level of office automation.

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