用合作原则和关联理论分析欧亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义英语论文

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书

XXX学院英语教育专业 XXXX 届 学生 姓名 指导 教师 课题论证：用合作原则与关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义，论证语用理论运用于文学分析的应用。 方案设计：第一章整体介绍论文的结构和研究的意义。 第二章对相关文学作品和语用学理论的文献论述。 第三章介绍合作原则和关联理论。 第四章运用两个原则对欧·亨利小说中对话进行分析。 第五章论文总结。 进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目 3月23日前写开题报告、任务书 3月30日前提交论文提纲 4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述 5月8 日前交终稿和评议书 指导教师意见： 指导教师签名：年月日 教研室意见： 教研室主任签名：年月日

XXX 论文（设计）题目 专业 职称 副教授 XX 用合作原则和关联理论分析 欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话含义 所属教基础教研室 研究方向 语言学 研室

XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书

编号：

论文（设计）题目：用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说对话的会话义 学院： XXX学院专业：英语教育班级： XXXX级英语教育X班 学生姓名：XXX 学号： XXXXXXXXX 指导教师： XX 职称：副教授

1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务

本论文的研究目标是探讨合作原则和关联理论在文学作品中的应用。其主要任务通过分析两个原则在文学中的应用而指导分析文学作品。

2、论文（设计）的主要内容

本论文分为五章，第一章整体介绍论文的结构和研究的意义，第二章对相关文学作品和语用学理论的文献论述。，第三章介绍合作原则和关联理论，第四章运用两个原则对欧·亨利小说中对话进行分析，第五章论文总结。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线

本论文的基础条件是不同的语言学家对相关理论的运用研究。

研究路线是运用合作原则和关联理论对欧·亨利短篇小说对话进行分析。其主要任务是通过分析两个原则在文学中的应用指导分析文学作品。

4、主要参考文献

Grice, H. P.1975.The Co-operative Principle.New York: Academic Press.

Huang, Guiqing. 2009. From Language to Pragmatics Theory and Practice.Xia

Men:XiaMenUniversity Press.

O’Henry. 2004. Short Stories of O’ Henry Qing Dao:Qing Dao Press.

何自然，冉永平，2009。《新编语用学概论》。北京：北京大学出版社。 姜望琪，2003。《当代语用学》。北京：北京大学出版社。

5、计划进度 阶段 1 确定初步论文题目 与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和2 任务书，导师签字 3 提交论文提纲 4 交初稿和文献综述 5 交终稿和评议书 指导教师：年月日 教研室主任：年月

注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一

起止日期 3月16日前 3月16日-3月23日 3月23日-3月30日 3月30日-4月20日 5月8日前

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书

姓名 论文题目 XXX 学院 XXX学院 专业 英语XXXX级英语教年级（班） 教育 育X班 2013/5/8 用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利短篇小说 完成时间 对话的会话含义 欧·亨利是世界三大短篇小说巨匠之一。长期以来，他的小说之所以受到读者的喜爱和作品中人物的幽默的言语和富有特色的下层人物特点密不可分。从文学方面对欧?亨利短篇小说进行分析的研究已经有很多。本文尝试从语用学角度对欧?亨论 文 内 容 摘 要 利的短篇小说进行分析。 本文回顾了国内外语用理论用于文学作品研究的先例，得出用语用学研究文学语言的有效性。因此，本文主要从语用学角度运用合作原则和关联理论分析欧?亨利的短篇小说中的会话含义。本文对所选用的两个原则进行了简要的论述，为文中的对话分析提供了理论支持。本文从所选的四篇短文中挑选了十个典型的人物对话，利用以上理论对会话含义的产生以及其表现的人物特点进行了详细的分析。 综上所述，本文通过对所选的四篇短篇小说中的对话运用合作原则和关联理论进行分析，不仅为读者提供了理解欧·亨利短篇小说的新视角,同时也拓展了合作原则和关联理论的研究范围。 指 导 教 师 评 语 年月日 职称 初评成绩 指导教师

姓名 组长 成员 答辩记录： 职称 教研室 答辩小组答辩小组意见： 组长签字：年月日 学院意见： 评定成绩：签章 年月日

记录人签字：年月日

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述

Literature Review This part is about literature analysis. O’ Henry is the pseudonym of William Sydney Porter. He is a famous writer of critical realism, and one of world's three short story masters. He has been hailed as the Manhattan critics crown prose writer and the father of modern American short story. His masterpieces include The Road of Destiny, The Four Million, Cabbages and Kings, some of them, such as The Gift of Magi, The Cop and the Anthem, The Last Leaf and so on win the international fame for him. His short stories expose the darkness of capitalism from different angles, describe the difficult life of lower class, praise their sincere friendships, love and desires to blessed life. He always writes a comedy ending to express deep social meanings, serious social realities. Furthermore, it points out the inevitability. Short story is a kind of the literature form. So, many studies of O’ Henry’s short stories are focus on literary views. There are angles of the study, such as, studies on the images in the stories, the humorous languages of the stories, the themes of human nature, features of the strategies of the short stories, the inclination to the naturalism, realism in his short stories, and the features of the art in his short stories and so on. This part is about cooperative principle. Since the proposal of the cooperative principle by Grice in 1967, it has achieved great development in depth and width and has been applied to many areas in the studies abroad. Following are the surveys of the cooperative principle used in literature abroad. Cooperative principle’s study of literature can be traced back to the 1970s. Professor Van Diji (1976) terms a novel, a poem, and a drama as a literary discourse. Patt (1977) maintains that a literature is a particular speech context which involves a specific set of conventions and exceptions concerning the relationship between the author and the audiences, the preparation and selection of texts, the application of Grice’s cooperative principle, which, she subsequently carries out to analyze some

摘要

欧·亨利是世界三大短篇小说巨匠之一。长期以来，他的小说之所以受到读者的喜爱和作品中人物的幽默的言语和富有特色的下层人物特点密不可分。从文学方面对欧·亨利短篇小说进行分析的研究已经有很多。本文尝试从语用学角度对欧·亨利的短篇小说进行分析。

本文回顾了国内外语用理论用于文学作品研究的先例，得出用语用学研究文学语言的有效性。因此，本文主要从语用学角度运用合作原则和关联理论分析欧·亨利的短篇小说中的会话含义。本文对所选用的两个原则进行了简要的论述，为文中的对话分析提供了理论支持。本文从所选的四篇短文中挑选了十个典型的人物对话，利用以上理论对会话含义的产生以及其表现的人物特点进行了详细的分析。

综上所述，本文通过对所选的四篇短篇小说中的对话运用合作原则和关联理论进行分析，不仅为读者提供了理解欧·亨利短篇小说的新视角,同时也拓展了合作原则和关联理论的研究范围。

关键词：会话含义欧·亨利短篇小说合作原则关联理论

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Abstract in English

O? Henry is one of world's three short story masters. For a long time, readers like his short stories attributing to humorous conversations of the characters and especially good qualities of the low class people. There are many researches on the short stories of O? Henry, which study them from the angle of literature analysis. However, this thesis tries to provide an analysis of O? Henry?s short stories from a pragmatic perspective.

This thesis reviews the former research of using pragmatics to analyze the literature works, which shows the validity of using pragmatics to study literature works. Therefore，this thesis mainly research the conversational implicature of the short story of O? Henry by cooperative principle and relevance theory. This thesis firstly gives brief introductions of the two main theories, which provides theory supportfor the whole thesis. This thesis selects ten typical conversations of characters in four short stories of O? Henry. By using the two theoriesabove, this thesis gives a detailed analysis on the production of the conversational implicature as well as the features of characters.

All in all, this thesis?s analysis of the conversational implicature of the chosen stories by the cooperative principle and the relevance theory not only provides a new view to understand the short stories of O? Henry, but also broadens the research scopes of the cooperative principle and the relevance theory.

Key words: Conversational Implicature O? Henry?s Short Stories

Cooperative Principle Relevance Theory

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................. 错误！未定义书签。

1.1 Research background ...................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.2 Significance of the research ............................................ 错误！未定义书签。 1.3 The thesis?s composition ................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

Chapter 2 Literature review ..................................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.1 Literature analysis ........................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2 Reviews of pragmatics theories used in the literature .... 错误！未定义书签。

2.2.1 Review of the cooperative principle used in the literature错误！未定义书签。

2.2.2 Review of the relevance theory used in the literature错误！未定义书签。

Chapter 3 Pragmatics theories ................................. 错误！未定义书签。

3.1 Cooperative principle ...................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

3.1.1 Grice?s cooperative principle ................................ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.2 The four maxims of cooperative principle ............ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.3 Flouting the maxims ............................................. 错误！未定义书签。 3.2 Relevance theory ............................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

3.2.1 The ostensive-inferential communication model .. 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.2 The context in the relevance theory ...................... 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.3 Optimal relevance and successful communication错误！未定义书签。

Chapter 4 Analysis of the conversational implicature of O? Henry?s short

stories ........................................................................................ 13

4.1 Using the cooperative principle to analyze the conversations in O. Henry?s short stories ...................................................................................................... 13 4.1.1 Analysis of the conversation in After Twenty Years ............................. 13

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4.1.2 Analysis of the conversation in Schools and Schools错误！未定义书签。

4.1.3 Analysis of the conversation in The Cop and the Anthem错误！未定义书签。

4.1.4 Analysis of the conversation in While the Auto Waits错误！未定义书签。

4.1.5 Summary ............................................................................................... 18 4.2 Using the relevance theory to analyze the conversations in O. Henry?s short

stories ............................................................................................................. 18 4.2.1 The ostension and inference in the conversations . 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.2 Understanding conversations from the contexts ... 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.3 Optimal relevance of understanding the conversations错误！未定义书签。

4.2.4 Summary ............................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.3 Comparison the use of cooperative principle and relevant theory in literature ......................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.3.1 Using the cooperative principle in literature works .............................. 28 4.3.2 Using the relevant theory in literature works ........................................ 28 4.3.3 Summary ............................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

Chapter 5 Conclusion ............................................... 错误！未定义书签。 Bibliography ............................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

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Chapter 1 Introduction

This chapter gives a brief introduction of the research background, significances of the research and the organization of the thesis. The aim of this chapter is to give a brief introduction of this thesis.

1.1 Research background

O? Henry is one of world's three short story masters. He has been hailed as the Manhattan critics crown prose writer and the father of modern American short story.In his short stories, he always writes a comedy ending to express deep social meanings, and serious social realities.

Due to his success in short stories, there are many researches on his short stories from different points of view: language characteristics, different ingenious endings, kind-hearted of human, the themes of his short stories，and so on. But these studies mainly focus on angles of the literature. In recent years, much attention has been put on using pragmatic theories to conversations in literary works to analyze the characters.

This paper plans to probe the conversational implicature in O? Henry?s short stories by the cooperative principle and relevant theory in order to find a new understand way of O? Henry?s short stories.

1.2Significance of the research

This thesis analyzes ten conversations selected from four short stories of O? Henry from the point of the cooperative principle and the relevant theory.

Firstly, there are many reviews on O? Henry. But many researches are accustomed to the literature analysis of his works. So it is important to see a different view―by the view of pragmatics.

Secondly, the analysis of the conversations in those short stories may help us better

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