旅行社专业英语词汇

Glossary

1. Accreditation: Approval by conferences or associations allowing the sale of tickets and other

travel services.

2. Affinity Group: An organization, formed for virtually any purpose other than travel, which

subsequently elects to sponsor group travel programs on scheduled or charter aircraft and qualifies for certain group travel privileges.

3. Agent: A person authorized to sell the products or services of a supplier.

4. Agent Reporting Agreement: An agreement between travel agents and airlines, via the Airlines

Reporting Corporation, which specifies the rights and obligations of both parties.

5. Airlines Reporting Corporation (ARC): Formed by the Air Transport Association to preserve

essential domestic services performed by the Air Traffic Conference prior to deregulation; as a regulatory association for travel agents, ARC establishes agency requirements with respect to professional personnel standards, agency accessibility to the public, and financial and security standards.

6. Airline Tariff Publishing Company (ATPCO): A company jointly owned and operated by airlines

to consolidate, publish, and distribute fares and cargo rates, along with associated rules, to the travel industry.

7. Air Traffic Control: A service operated by appropriate authority to promote the safe, orderly, and

expeditious flow of air traffic.

8. Air Transport Association (ATA): The trade association representing all scheduled airlines in the

United States under whose jurisdiction the Airlines Reporting Corporation was established after the dissolution of the Civil Aeronautics Board.

9. Airbus (Aerial Bus): A jumbo jet carrying twice as many people as a 707 or DC-8 and

specializing in short-and medium-length trips.

10. Airline Codes: The system of abbreviations for airlines, airports, fares, and so on used by airlines

and travel agents throughout the world.

11. Airline Deregulation: By the federal law enacted in 1978, the elimination of the CAB and

governmental regulation of the airlines and other suppliers with regard to routes, fares, and other specifics.

12. All-Expense Tour: An inclusive tour that includes many services for a stated price; probably

most, if not all, meals, sightseeing, taxes, tips, and extras.

13. American Automobile Association (AAA): An organization that provides its members with a

variety of services – travel information, maps, highway and legal services, insurance, trip planning, and so on – related to owning and operating automobiles. AAA also operates a multi-branch retail travel agency organization.

14. American Plan (AP): A meal plan that includes three meals daily with the price of

accommodations.

15. American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA): A trade association of U.S. and Canadian travel

agents and tour operators.

16. Amtrak: The name used by the National Railway Passenger Corporation, A quasi-public

corporation established by Congress in 1971 to assist the declining railroad industry.

17. APOLLO: The computer reservation system developed by United Airlines and introduced in

1976.

18. ARC Industry Agents’ Handbook: Published by the Airlines Reporting Corporation for travel

agents, the handbook specifies the requirements to become an ARC Industry Agent and provides guidelines and procedures for appointment.

19. Area Settlement Plan: A system of banks authorized by the ARC through which travel agents and

approved suppliers report and remit airline tickets.

20. Association of Retail Travel Agents (ARTA): A trade association of American travel retailers. 21. Association of Retail Travel agents (ARTA): A trade association of American travel retailers.

22. Automated Ticket Machines (ATM): Automated vending machines selling computer airline

tickets, generally located in airport terminals.

23. Average Room Rate: Total revenues from room sales in a hotel, or collective room revenues of a

destination, divided by the total number of available rooms. Average room rates may be computed on a daily basis for an individual property or an annual or seasonal basis for a destination.

24. Back-to-Back: Describing a program of multiple air charters between two or more points with

arrivals and departures coordinated to eliminate aircraft deadheading and waiting; that is, when one group is delivered at a destination, another is ready to depart from that point.

25. Bed and Breakfast (B&B): A meal plan that includes breakfast with guest house or other lodging

accommodations.

26. Bermuda Plan (BP): Hotel accommodations with a full, American-style breakfast included in the

price of the room.

27. Bonding: the purchase, for a premium, of a guarantee of protection for a supplier or a customer.

In the travel industry, certain bonding programs are mandatory: For example, ARC insists that travel agents be bonded to protect the airlines against defaults.

28. Bucket Shops: Firms selling heavily discounted air tickets or tour packages, usually below

market value.

29. Bulk Fare: A fare available only to tour organizers or operators who purchase a specified block

of seats from a carrier at a low, noncom-mission able price and then have the responsibility of selling the seats, including a commission in their marked-up price for the seats.

30. Business Class: A class of service on airlines that is usually situated between first class and

economy (coach) and offers such amenities as larger seats, free cocktails and headsets, and early check-in privileges.

31. Business Travel Department (BTD): An in-house travel agency for a business or organization. 32. Cargo Liner (or Freighter): A vessel principally engaged in transporting goods, licensed to carry

a maximum number of passengers (usually twelve).

33. Certified Travel Counselor (CTC): Professional certification awarded to travel agents who have

successfully completed a study program developed and administered by the Institute of Certified Travel Agents.

34. Charter Service: Nonscheduled air transport services whereby the party or parties receiving

transportation obtain exclusive sue of an aircraft at published tariff rates and the remuneration paid by the party receiving transportation accrues directly to, and the responsibility for providing transportation is that of, the accounting air carrier. This term also has general application to any other mode of transport, such as motor-coach, ship, and train, where the entire capacity or a minimum number of seats are hired by contract for exclusive use.

35. Child: Variably defined. Airlines normally classify a child as two through eleven, but some

suppliers classify the range to fourteen, sixteen, or even up to eighteen years of age.

36. Circle Trip: A trip involving more than one destination and returning to the origin city. Example:

Tampa to Atlanta to New Orleans to Las Vegas to Tampa.

37. City-Pair: The terminal communities in an air trip, that is, the origin and destination on a one-way basis.

38. Coach Service: transport service established for the carriage of passengers at fares and quality of

service below that of first-class and business-class service. It is also known as economy service. 39. Commercial Rate: A special discounted rate offered b y a hotel or other supplier to a company,

group, or individual traveler on a qualified basis.

40. Commission: A payment received by travel agents for the sale of air transportation, hotel

accommodation, tours, rental cars, and other products and services, usually computed as a percentage of sale made by the agent.

41. Commuter Airline: An airline that offers frequent round-trip service to or from smaller

communities and some larger airport hubs with a published flight schedule of such services, principally to serve business commuters.

42. Computer Bias: Giving preference, as in listing a certain airline’s schedules first in a

computerized Reservation System.

43. Computerized Reservation System(CRS): An electronic information system connecting

individual travel agencies to a central computer, making immediate inquiries and reservations on an airline, hotel, car rental, or other possible travel services.

44. Conference: An association of air carriers designed in principle to provide a set of operational

rules that are fair to operators and to prevent injurious competition among operators. A conference may establish and enforce agreed-upon rules, ethical practices, safety standards, and documents, as well as serve as a clearinghouse for information. It may also establish travel agency rules and regulations.

45. Conference Appointment: A process whereby travel agencies are approved by conferences (for

example, IATAN, ARC) to represent a group of carriers or other travel suppliers to sell its services.

46. Configuration: A particular type of specific aircraft, ship, and so on, differs from others of the

same model by virtue of the arrangement of its components or by the addition or omission of auxiliary equipment such as ―long-range configuration,‖ ―cargo configuration.‖

47. Consolidator: A person or company that forms groups to travel on air charters or at group fares

on scheduled flights to increase sales, earn override commissions, or reduce the possibility of tour cancellations.

48. Consortium: A group of persons or travel agency companies that pool together their resources to

obtain some travel benefit such as higher commissions, advertising, twenty-four-hour call-in service, or other services.

49. Consumer Disclosure Notice: A written statement frequently used by travel agencies to inform

clients that they are acting merely as ―Agents‖ fro a principal (that is, airline, hotel). With such a disclosure notice, agents take a major step in avoiding liability by obtaining implicit consent from the client to sue the supplier.

50. Continental Breakfast: Usually a beverage with rolls, butter, and jam or marmalade. In Holland

and Norway, cheese, cold cuts, or fish are sometimes included.

51. Continental Plan (CP): Bed and breakfast, meaning hotel accommodations as specified and

breakfast according to the custom of the country.

52. Convention: A business or professional meeting, usually attended by large numbers of people. In

Europe the more prevalent term for convention is ―congress.‖

53. Cooperative Business Corporation: Formed as a joint-stock organization to establish and

maintain a working relationship among its members.

54. Corporate-Owned Chain: A fully owned group of retail chain member outlets featuring common

signage and advertising, usually (but not always) operating under a unified marketing concept and standardized management policies and practices.

55. Coupon Brokers: Travel companies that buy and sell frequent flyer program coupons. 56. Courier (Tour Escort, Tour Leader, Tour Manager): A professional travel escort.

57. Cruise Ships: Ships used specifically for pleasure cruising, as opposed to point-to-point

transportation.

58. Currency Restrictions: Limitations established by a country to control the amount of money taken

in, out, or exchanged within a country.

59. Customs: The formal procedure whereby all persons entering a country must declare their

possession of specific kinds or amounts of items purchased in another country under the jurisdiction of a government agency that has the right to inspect, restrict, seize, and/or impose taxes on goods brought into a country. Also refers to the normal manners or behavioral procedures of a society.

60. Customs Duty: A tax on certain goods being imported.

61. Day Rate: A special rate for a room used by a guest only during the day up to a specific hour,

such as 4:00, 5:00, or 6:00 P.M.

62. Deadhead: A rail, bus, or airline term for a carrier returning with an empty cabin or cargo

payload.

63. Default Protection Plan: A system established to protect travelers and travel intermediaries in the

event of a supplier default. There is currently no system operating; however, several plans are being reviewed.

64. Demi Pension: The same as Modified American Plan.

65. Deposit: A partial payment to hold space, usually refundable if cancellation is made by a

prescribed time.

66. Direct Selling: The sale of travel products by suppliers (airlines, hotels) directly to the customers,

without the use of travel intermediaries such as travel agents.

67. Disclaimer: A legal concept whereby one party (that is, the client) to a transaction declares that

he or she will release the other party (that is, the agent) from liability and responsibility for the transaction under certain stated conditions.

68. Domestic Airline: A carrier providing service within its own country.

69. Domestic Independent tour (DIT): The same as FIT, but more commonly used in the North

American context of an independent, prepaid trip within the county.

70. Domestic Trunks (Domestic Trunk Operations): Domestic operations of the domestic trunk

carriers. This group of carriers operates primarily within the geographical limits of the forth-eight contiguous states of the United States (and the District of Columbia) over routes primarily serving the larger communities.

71. Duty-Free Imports: A government-specified list of item categories and their quantities that may

be brought into the country free of tax or duty charges.

72. Duty-Free Stores: retail stores in which merchandise is sold only to travelers who are leaving the

country. Merchandise is sold completely or partially free of the taxes and duties that would otherwise be imposed by the country in which the store is located.

73. Economy Hotel: A hotel with limited facilities and services targeted at budget travelers, also

referred to as second-class or tourist hotel.

74. Economy Service: Transport service established for the carriage of passengers at fares and

quality of service below first class and business class, also known as coach service. 75. Efficiency Unit: A room that has kitchen facilities, similar to a one-room apartment. Also called a

studio.

76. English Breakfast: Usually includes juice, hot or cold cereal, bacon or ham, eggs, kippers, or

sausages, toast, butter, and jam or marmalade.

77. Entry Requirements: The official documents required t enter a country, which may include a

passport, visa, or document showing inoculations.

78. Errors and Omissions Insurance: Also known as professional liability insurance, this insurance

protects the agency by covering claims for damages suffered by the client for financial loss, inconvenience, embarrassment, or other injuries because of an error or omission on the part of the agent.

79. Escorted Tour: A tour that includes the services of an escort, also called a conducted tour.

80. Escrow Accounts: Funds placed in the custody of licensed financial institutions for safekeeping.

Many contracts in travel require that agents and tour operators maintain customers’ deposits and prepayments in escrow accounts.

81. European Plan(EP): A meal plan that does not include meals with the price of accommodations. 82. Exclusivity: Restriction imposed by the Air Traffic conference that prohibited airlines from

paying commissions to entities lacking ATC accreditation and standardized ticket stock. Prior to deregulation, travel agents and airlines had exclusivity on the sale of air transportation.

83. Excursion: Usually a side trip out of a destination city; may be used interchangeably with tour or

sightseeing.

84. Excursion Fare: Usually a round-trip fare with restrictions such as minimum and maximum stay

and advance purchase requirements.

85. Excursionist: a temporary visitor remaining less than twenty-four hours in the destination visited

and not making an overnight stay.

86. Exit Restrictions: Restrictions (such as an exit Visa or large exit Visa or large exit tax) imposed

by a country to curb outbound travel.

87. Familiarization Trip or Tour: A trip or tour offered to travel agents, tour operators, incentive

planners, travel writers, and so on to promote a new product or destination and the services of the suppliers, usually at a discount price or FOC (free or charge). Also called a ―fam trip.‖

88. Family Plan: Special money-saving arrangement for family travel, applied differently in various

phases of the industry. Generally, members of a family are entitled to discounted fares, accommodation rates, and so on.

89. Fare: The amount per passenger or group of persons stated in the applicable tariff for

transportation, including accompanying baggage unless otherwise specified.

90. Federal Aviation Administration FAA): The Department of Transportation agency that regulates

U.S. civil aviation. Among other things, FAA licenses private and commercial pilots, certifies aircraft and monitors their maintenance, certifies and monitors airport traffic control systems and their personnel, and enforces airline security regulations.

91. First-Class Hotel: A hotel offering a high standard and variety of services. In Europe a first-class

hotel ranks below a deluxe or grand luxe hotel. In Asia, first class may mean a four-star property where five stars denotes the top classification.

92. First-Class Service: Transport service established for the carriage of passengers at premium fares,

for whom premium quality services and seating accommodations are provided. Term also applies to the lodging industry in a similar context.

93. Flag Carrier: A term usually referring to the national airline of a country.

94. Flat Rate: A special room rate for a group negotiated in advance where all rooms in the property,

which may or may not be subject to certain restrictions, are priced at the same rate.

95. Fly-Drive: A package that includes airfare and car rental (and sometimes accommodations).

96. Foreign Independent Tour (FIT) An international trip with the itinerary prepared to the individual

traveler’s specifications. Some suppliers refer to FIT as ―free and independent travelers‖ to denote travelers who have made independent arrangements.

97. Franchise: The right to market a service and/or product, often exclusive fro a specified area, as

granted by the manufacturer, developer, or distributor in return for a fee; prevalent in the fast-food service industry.

98. Franchisor: An entity that grants vested right to use a recognized brand name for an extensive,

contractual time frame. The franchisor typically provides a franchisee with a complete business package, including operational plans and support services. A franchisor is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission.

99. Frequent Flyer Program (FFP): A program whereby bonuses, usually free travel with certain

restrictions, are offered by the airlines to passengers who accumulate travel mileage. Hotels often participate in FFPs by offering similar incentives for hotel patronage based on room nights. FFPs are also termed as FTPs, or Frequent Traveler Programs.

100. Full-service Travel Agency: An agency that offers a full range of services and products related to

international and domestic travel.

101. Gateway City: A city that functions as the primary entry destination for visitors to an area

because of its location, population, and air traffic patterns.

102. General Sales Agent (GSA): An exclusive sales representative of a principal for a given area. 103. Ground Arrangements: Land services such as transfers, sightseeing tours, and so on.

104. Ground Handling Agent: A company that provides local transportation, sightseeing, and other

services to a client at a destination.

105. Ground Operator: A supplier that provides local transportation, accommodations, sightseeing

arrangements, and other services to a client at a destination.

106. Group Inclusive Tour (GIT) A prepaid tour covering transportation, accommodations,

sightseeing arrangements, and other services. Special airfares are provided to the group, requiring that all members must travel on the same flight round trip and must travel together during their entire time abroad.

107. Guaranteed Reservation: A guarantee to the traveler given by the hotel, usually based on advance

deposit, that the room will be held all night in case of late arrival of the traveler. With a guaranteed reservation, the traveler must pay for the room whether or not it is actually used.

108. Hostels: Accommodations where the facilities may be somewhat similar to dormitories, usually

associated with youth travel.

109. Hotel Garni: A term used to designate European hotels that do not have a restaurant.

110. Hub and Spoke Concept: A concept involving the establishment of a particular city as a central

point to which longer-haul flights are scheduled and which serves as a connecting point where other flights are deployed or made to smaller cities. The routing of schedules through a central connecting city ensures heavier passenger loads.

111. Incentive companies: Professional firms assisting clients with designing, promoting, and

executing of incentive travel programs.

112. Incentive Travel: Travel providing an incentive reward for sales or work performed by sales staff,

distributors, or members of other organizations when the sales or work performed exceeds particular quota levels.

113. Inclusive tour (IT): An advertised package or tour that includes accommodations and other

components such as transfers and sightseeing.

114. Independent Arbitration Panel: A panel of three independent persons with the authority to hear

appeals brought by agency organizations when the ARC has adapted rules or fee changes such organizations deem to be unreasonable.

115. Individually Owned Chain: Each member outlet, for example, hotel, restaurant, travel agency,

within the retail chain is individually owned but features common signage and advertising, following a unified marketing concept, and operates in a uniform manner.

116. In-plant Branch: An operation established by a travel agency to serve the client at its own

location but using the client’s own employees to do the agency work. In this situation, a split commission system is arranged.

117. Institute of Certified travel Agents (ICTA): An organization established in 1964 that is concerned

with developing and administering educational programs for travel agents, in order to confer professional certification.

118. Interline Agreements: Agreements involving two or more air carriers who cooperate on specific

actions such as interline travel rights and privileges or share airport facilities or other resources. 119. Intermodal: Using different types of transportation, as in a tour using a combination of rail, air,

and motorcoach services.

120. International Air Transport Association (IATA): A trade association of international airlines that

promotes a unified system of air transportation on international routes; sets fares and rates, safety standards, and condition of services; and appoints and regulates travel agents to sell international tickets.

121. International Airlines Travel Agent Network (IATAN): The trade name of the Passenger

Network Services Corporation (PNSC) created by IATA as the international counterpart of the ARC in appointing and regulating travel agencies.

122. Itinerary: The travel schedule provided by a travel agent for his or her client. A proposed or

preliminary itinerary may be rather vague or very specific. A final itinerary, however, spells out all details—flight numbers, departure times, and so on – as well as describing planned activities. 123. Jitney: A car, Van, or small bus to carry a small number of passengers.

124. Joint Fare: A fare agreed upon by two or more carriers to provide service from origin to

destination, or a fare for an off-line connection (within a country).

125. Joint Marketing Organization: A company that markets the products of selected suppliers through

its ranks of member agencies.

126. Junket: (1) a promotional low-cost tour package offered by a particular sponsor such as a

gambling casino, hotel, or other travel supplier; (2) a nonessential trip usually taken at the expense of the public taxpayer.

127. Late-show: A passenger or customer holding a reservation who arrives at the check-in desk after

the designated time.

128. Limited-Service Travel Agency: An agency that specializes in selling only one type of travel

product, for example, domestic airline tickets, and generally offers discounted tickets as the primary basis for attracting clients.

129. Load Factor: The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of carrier capacity sold to total capacity

offered fro sale. The two most common measures are the number of paying passengers to number of available seats and the number of seat miles to revenue passenger miles. Example of the latter: If an airline operates 100,000 seat miles and its sales total is 50,000 revenue passenger miles, it is operating at a 50 percent load factor.

130. Meeting and Convention Planner: A professional consultant who specializes in the planning and

execution of conventions and business meetings.

131. Minimum Connecting Time: The amount of time required to change planes, established by

regulation.

132. Modified American Plan (MAP) A meal plan that includes two meals daily (usually breakfast

and dinner) with the price of accommodations.

133. Motorcoach: A bus designed to carry passengers for touring, frequently equipped with toilet

facilities.

134. National Tourism Office or Organization (NTO): Also known as National Tourism

Administration (NTA). The Primary government agency charged with the implementation of national goals and public policy with respect to tourism. 135. Net Rate: A wholesale rate before markup for resale.

136. Net Wholesale Rate: A rate usually slightly lower than the wholesale rate, applicable to groups of

individuals when a hotel is specifically mentioned in a tour folder. Rate is marked up by wholesale sellers of tour to cover distribution, promotion, and so on.

137. Nonscheduled Services: Revenue flights that are not operated in regular scheduled service, such

as charter flights and all non-revenue flights incident to such flights.

138. Official Airline Guide (OAG): A publication that provides current data on available airline

services between city-pairs. There is also an electronic edition of the OAG.

139. On-Time Performance: The number and percentage of aircraft, flights arriving on time, or flights

arriving within fifteen minutes of the carrier’s published scheduled arrival time for any specified flight or group of flights during any specified period.

140. Open Jaw: An arrangement, route, or fare, authorized in a tariff, granting the traveling public the

privilege of purchasing round-trip transportation from the point of origin to one destination at which another form of transportation is used to a second destination, at which point the passenger resumes the original form of transportation and returns to the point of origin; or from such destination to another destination that is in the general direction of the original starting point. 141. Option: A tour extension or side trip offered at extra cost.

142. Out-plant Operation: An operation where the agency client performs most of its own itinerary

work, then transmits the information to the agency, with the agency doing the actual ticketing. The commission is generally split according to a negotiated arrangement between the client and the agency.

143. Overbooking: The practice of preselling more hotel rooms (or airline seats) than the hotel (or

airline) has to offer.

144. Override Commission: An additional commission paid above the normal commission to travel

agents by suppliers based on incremental quantity or volume of sales.

145. Package: Prearranged elements of a trip such as hotel accommodations, meals, sightseeing, and

transfers, less inclusive than a tour.

146. Parador: A Spanish word referring to castles, abbeys, or other historic buildings that have been

restored for use as lodging accommodations.

147. Passenger Name Record (PNR): The record of an airline reservation stored in a computerized

airline reservation system. The record contains all pertinent information such as passengers’ names, travel times, flight numbers, and cost of ticket.

148. Passenger Network Services Corporation (PNSC): See IATAN.

149. Passenger ships: Ships whose primary purpose is to transport people from one destination to

another as opposed to simply pleasure cruising.

150. Passport: Issued by national governments to their citizens for out-of-country travel as verification

of their citizenship.

151. Pension: A French word widely used in Europe meaning guest house or boarding house. 152. Person-Night: A statistical term denoting one paying guest staying one night at a destination. 153. Preferred Supplier Program: An arrangement whereby an agent, working in concert with a

supplier, agrees to give preference to that supplier’s travel products. In turn, the agent gets incremental commissions or overrides above the standard.

154. Principal: The dominant participant in any given situation. More Specifically in travel: (1) a

primary producer of any unit of travel merchandise—an airline, a hotel, a shipline; (2) any person (or company) who assumes responsibility for a travel program; (3) anyone who pays a commission to another for selling a travel program.

155. Queue System: An electronic ticketer file common to airline reservation systems; can be thought

of as an electronic mailbox or card file in which carriers place messages for the agent and agents place messages for themselves.

156. Rack Rate: The practice of charging, demanding, collecting, or receiving less compensation for

air transportation, or for nay service in connection therewith, than the rates, fares, or charges specified in the air carrier’s currently effective tariffs.

157. Recreational Vehicle (RV): A motorized self-contained camping trailer or a truck or van used fro

traveling. Also an off-the-road vehicle such as a dirt bike or dune buggy. 158. Regional Carrier: A carrier serving a particular area only.

159. Retail Travel Agency: A travel agency that sells travel products on a retail basis on behalf of his

or her principals—airlines, cruise lines, hotels, car rentals, and so on—for a commission to the general public.

160. Reentry Permit: A document allowing alien residents to return from trips outside the country. 161. SABRE: The Computer Reservation System developed by American Airlines and introduced in

1976. (Acronym stands fro Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment.)

162. Sailing Permit: A document required of U.S. Residents having ―resident alien‖ status who are

traveling abroad, attesting that they are not delinquent in the payment of any income tax liability. 163. Satellite ticket Printer (STP): A printer at another location other than the main premises that can

dispense tickets for travel products for travel agencies.

164. Seasonality: High and low seasonal fluctuations in market demand due to the time-of-year

specifics of the area’s attractions and their ability to attract visitors.

165. Self-Drive: A car hired to clients without the driver. Conditions of hire vary from agency to

agency and may be based either on mileage or on an hourly or daily basis. 166. Side Trip: An optional trip offered to participants of a tour.

167. Sightseeing Company: A local tour bus company providing guided sightseeing in a city, town,

area, and so on.

168. Sightseeing Tour: A tour within the city limits showing clients the main places of interest, scenic

and historic places, churches, museums, monuments, and so on.

169. Sliding Commission Scale: A commission system whereby the percentage of commission to a

travel agent increases as the volume of sales of a particular supplier increases.

170. Special Fare: In contrast to normal fares, special fares have various restrictions—for instance,

advance purchase, specified length of stay, limited or no schedule change privileges, and limited or no cancellation rights.

171. Special Interest Tour: A prearranged, packaged itinerary designed to appeal to or respond to a

request by a group of persons who have a particular interest area of study or activity, for example, culture and the arts, sports, preservation, wilderness, shopping, cuisine, and so on.

172. Stockholder Licensee Group: A corporation whose members are stockholders, providing a

vertically integrated format, with an elected board of directors to ultimately judge the business decisions of management and to whom management reports.

173. Structure Fare: The particular fare charged for trips of varying distances and the relationship

between coach fares and fares for the other classes of service. The manner in which the fare level should be distributed to, and recouped from, the passenger transport services operated by the air carriers. Used most often in rate making.

174. Subscriber-Based Network: An organization that provides subscriptions such as airline and hotel

guides and publications such as hotel facility listings to travel agencies for their corporate travelers.

175. Suite: A living room connected to one or more bedrooms.

176. Supplier: One who offers the products or services sold through the travel retailers or in some

cases directly to the public.

177. Supporting Document: Any document used as supporting evidence in a transaction—for instance,

a birth certificate, health certificate, passport, visa, voter registration card, military discharge papers, and so on.

178. Through Fare: The total fare from point of origin to destination, which may be a local fare, a joint

fare, or a combination of separately established fares.

179. Ticket Stock: The supply of tickets an agency keeps on hand and for which the agency has legal

responsibility.

180. Timesharing: The concept dividing the ownership and use of a lodging property among several

investors; generally each timesharing purchaser is able to use the unit for a specified interval (for example, two weeks) each year for a specified period of time.

181. Tourism Plant: Facilities, amenities, and services explicitly built and provided for tourst use in a

given area.

182. Tourist: A temporary visitor staying at least twenty-four hours in the country visited and the

purpose of whose journey can be classified as leisure—recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, sport, business, family, mission, or meeting.

183. Tour Basing Fare: A reduced-rate excursion fare available only to those who buy prepaid tours or

packages, including inclusive tour, group inclusive tour, incentive group, contract bulk inclusive tour, tour basing, and group round-trip inclusive tour basing fares.

184. Tour Breakage: Usually operators’ fixed cost items such as meals, transfers, admissions, and so

on, costed into the package but not used by the purchaser. Tour operators often put an estimated percentage return of breakage in their costing elements. Breakage may represent either increased cost efficiency or extra profit for the operator.

185. Tour Broker: A person or company that organizes and markets tour products.

186. Tour Desk: The desk at a hotel or airline that is used for selling tours and packages.

187. Tour Escort: A person designated as the leader of the tour group, usually for the entire travel

experience, although he or she may be assisted by other guides.

188. Tour Operator: An operator that provides services including responsibility for the delivery and/or

operation of all facets of the tour, usually providing an escort. Tour operators may also be wholesalers as well as local operators.

189. Tour Package: A joint service that gives a traveler a significantly lower price for a combination

of services than could be obtained if each had to be purchased separately by the traveler. Thus, the total price of a tour package might include a round-trip plane ticket, hotel accommodations, meals, sightseeing bus tours, and admission fees.

190. Transfers: The services of transportation from an airport, railway station, or other terminal to the

hotel of the clients.

191. Travel Advisory: A caution issued by some authoritative body, for example, the State

Department or a foreign ministry, regarding the safety, changing conditions, or practices of a specific travel destination that may be detrimental or harmful to travelers from the advisory body’s country.

192. Travel Agent Arbiter: Person designated with the responsibility to rule on ARC complaints

against individual travel agents and also individual agents’ complaints against ARC.

193. Travel Agent Commission: The payment by airlines and other travel suppliers to a travel agent of

specified amounts of money (usually a percentage) as compensation for the agent’s sales of travel products.

194. Travel Agents’ Handbook: A manual published by IATAN setting forth procedures and

guidelines for IATAN-appointed agencies.

195. Traveler Profile: Characteristics describing various travel market segments.

196. Travel Industry: The composite of organizations, both public and private, involved in the

development, production, distribution, and marketing of products and services to serve the needs of travelers.

197. Travel Industry Distribution System: The process of moving travel products and services from

suppliers to ultimate consumers.

198. Travel Insurance: Regular insurance tailored to cover travelers and their personal effects. May be

sold by a regular broker; however, most travel agents and tour carrier personnel are specially licensed insurance agents with the power to issue such policies and immediately bind the insurance company.

199. Universal Air Travel Plan (UATP): A credit card program operated by airlines, primarily fro

frequent travelers.

200. VFR: Classification of travelers whose purpose for travel is to visit friends and relatives.

201. Videotex: An electronic transmission process whereby written and image material is displayed on

a video screen.

202. Visa: An endorsement on a passport or document used in lieu of a passport by a consular official

indicating that the bearer may gain entry into the country of issue.

203. Voucher: document to be exchanged for goods or services, substantiating that payment has

already been made. Also called an exchange order.

204. Wagon-Lit: A European Pullman. A sleeping car on European railroads, consisting of a private

bedroom, including pillows, blankets, and a sink, to accommodate one or two people.

205. Wholesaler: A company that usually creates and markets inclusive tours and packages or buys

services in bulk for sale (or resale) through travel agents. Often used interchangeably with tour operator, but several distinctions might be drawn: (1) A wholesaler presumably sells nothing at retail; a tour operator often does both. (2) A wholesaler does not always create his own products; a tour operator virtually always does. (3) A wholesaler is less inclined than a tour operator to perform local services. Industry distinctions for this term are far from clear; many travel companies perform any or all of the functions of travel agent, contractor, tour operator, and wholesaler.

206. Wide-Bodied Aircraft: A generic and commonly used term applied to any and all of the newest

generation of jet aircraft with a fuselage diameter exceeding 200 inches and a per-engine thrust greater than 30,000 pounds (for example, Boeing 747, McDonnell Douglas DC-10, Lockheed L-1011).

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/qh77.html