英语国家国情试题库-澳大利亚与新西兰

澳大利亚与新西兰

Part One Multiple Choice 1.

In terms of landmass, Australia is the ________ largest country in the world. C A. 4th 2.

B. 5th

C. 6th

D. 7th

The name \A. English

B. French

C. Aboriginal

D. local

3. The capital of Australia is ________. D A. Sydney

B. Melbourne

C. Brisbane

D. Canberra

4. The first documented European expedition to Australia was made by the ________ navigator Willem Janszoon. A A. Dutch

B. French

C. Spanish

D. English

5. ________ named the coast New South Wales, and formally claimed it for Britain. A A. James Cook C. Arthur Phillip

B. Willem Janszoon D. Abel Tasman

6. Australia Day is on ________ 26. A A. January

B. February

C. March

D. April

7. Although the transportation of convicts had ended in 1840, the discovery of ________ in the 1850s greatly increased Australia's population. B A. oil

B. gold

C. coal

D. copper

8. The purpose of the Immigration Restriction Act in 1901 is to restrict ________ immigrant numbers. D A. Asian

B. non-Asian D. non- European

C. European 9.

Australia became a self-governing country in the year of ________. B A. 1891

B. 1901

C. 1911

D. 1921

10. The economy in Australia developed rapidly by means of the policy of \A. momentum

B. markets

C. mobility

D. mortgage

11. It was ________ that helped protect Australia from the Japanese in the Battle of the Coral Sea during World War II. A A. America

B. China

C. Britain

D. New Zealand

12. Like Britain, the Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional ________. C A. democracy

B. liberalism

C. monarchy

D. republic

13. The Australian Constitution can be changed only by ________. A A. referendum

B. the Parliament

C. the government D. the King

14. In Australia, the central function of the House of Representative is as follows except ________. A A. making of new laws

B. passing of new laws

C. adding amendments to laws 15.

D. make changes to laws

For Australian citizens over the age of 16, voting is ________ at election time. A A. compulsory

B. voluntary

C. legal

D. necessary

16. In Australia, the executive authority is vested (归属) in the ________. C A. British Monarch C. Governor General

B. Prime Minister

D. Secretary of State

17. There are three major political parties in Australia, the Labor Party, the Liberal Party, and the ________ Party. D A. conservative

B. Republic

C. Democratic

D. National

18. Most Australians are of British and ________ ancestry and the majority (more than 70%) live in urban areas. B A. French

B. Irish

C. German

D. Italian

19. Multiculturalism as a policy was officially adopted in Australia in ________. C A. 1953

B. 1963

C. 1973

D. 1983

20. Tourist attractions in Australia attract millions from world wide. The following are Australia’s famous sight of seeing except ________. D A. the Great Barrier Reef C. Sydney Opera House

B. Ayers rock D. the Great Canyon

21. Australia's high economic performance is due to its and ongoing reforms. B A. open-up policy B. effective economic management C. historical development D. proper investment

22. As an ideal place for investments, Australia's foreign capital mainly comes from ________. A

A. Japan and the United States B. Britain and France C. Japan and South Korea 23.

D. Germany and Switzerland

________ is often referred to as \A. Polynesia B. The North Island C. The South Island D. The Stewart Island

24. New Zealand is a popular tourist attraction because of its ________. B A. long history B. dramatic and varied landscape C. special culture D. easy entry into the country

25. The climate in New Zealand is ________. C

A. subtropical B. arctic C. temperate D. tropical

26. ________ were the first group of people who arrived on the islands of New Zealand. A A. Maoris B. Europeans C. Australians D. Chinese

27. New Zealand was granted internal self-government in ________. B A. 1840 B. 1852 C. 1893 D. 1907

28. During World War II, New Zealand strengthened its relationship with ________. B A. Britain B. the United States C. Australia D. France

29. ________ is the head of the New Zealand government. C

A. The British monarch B. The Governor General C. The Prime Minister D. The President

30. Schooling in New Zealand is compulsory for all children ________. C A. from age 6 to 12

B. from age 6 to 14

C. from age 6 to 16 D. from age 6 to 18 Part Two True or False 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Australia suffered a great depression in the end of the 19th century. F

The First World War brought little damage to Australia because it is far away from the battle fields. F Lake Eyre is the lowest point in Australia. T

In Australia, Britain's first permanent colony was founded in 1606. F

William Hughes tried twice to introduce conscription but failed both times during World War I. T The movement to gain recognition of Aboriginal rights was started in the 1960s. T

The Howard government's foreign policy was based on relations with four key countries, namely, the U.S, Japan, China, Britain. F

The Australian Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the King or Queen and two houses, the Senate (the Upper House) and the House of Representatives (the Lower House). T In Australia, the King or Queen of Britain serves as the symbolic head of state. T

10. The Senators are elected by a system of proportional representation for a term of 5 years. F 11. In Australia, a general election can be called before Parliament has served its full term. T 12. Australia's economy depends largely on foreign trade. T

13. New Zealand is mainly composed of two islands in the Pacific Ocean. T 14. New Zealand is a mountainous country with almost no plains. F

15. The highest peak in New Zealand is Mount Cook, which lies in the center of the Southern Alps. T 16. In New Zealand, January is the coldest month of the year and June is the hottest. F

17. Agriculture is important to New Zealand's economy, so most New Zealanders live in suburban areas. F 18. In 1907, New Zealand changed from a British colony to a separate dominion like Australia and Canada. T 19. Helen Clark has been the Prime Minister of New Zealand for three terms of office. T 20. Like many other countries, New Zealand has a formal written constitution. F

21. There is only one chamber in New Zealand's Parliament, i.e., the House of Representatives. T 22. The Maori language is one of the official languages in New Zealand. T

23. The Treaty of Waitangi did provide an absolutely sound basis for British sovereignty. F

24. It was not until 1947, when the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act was issued, that New Zealand was granted total independence from Britain. T 25. Wellington (威灵顿) is the capital of New Zealand, Located at the northern tip of the North Island. F

26. In WWII, Australian servicemen made significant contributions to the Allied victory in Europe and Asia-Pacific region. T 27. Australia hosted the 2000 Olympic Games. T

28. The Australian Aborigines were essentially hunter-gatherers without any domesticated animals. F

29. The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act came into effect in 1901, when the 5 colonies federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia. F 30. Between the mid- 1980s and mid- 1990s, New Zealand underwent radical economic reforms. T Part Three Blank Filling 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Australia lies in the Southern Hemisphere, between the Indian Ocean and the _Pacific_ Ocean.

Broadly speaking, Australia can be divided into three geographical regions: the _Eastern Highlands__, the Central-Eastern Lowlands and the Western Plateau. In World War I, all members of the Australian armed forces who served overseas were _volunteers_. _Sydney_ is the largest city in Australia.

The first time that Australia developed a foreign policy independent of Britain was during the _Pacific_ War in World War II. Australia completely abolished the White Australia Policy during the government of _Gough Whitlam_.

The House of Representatives in Australia are elected by a system known as _preferential voting_, in which voters rank candidates in order of preference. The _University of Sydney_, established in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. _Auckland_ is the largest city in New Zealand.

10. English and _Maori_ are the two official languages of New Zealand. Part Four Short-Answer Questions 1.

What is \

During World War I, the ANZAC (the Australian-New Zealand Army Corps) took part in some of the bloodiest battles, leaving one of the glorious chapters in Australian history. The Australians were very proud of their bravery and indomitable spirit. Now April 25 is celebrated as \military conflicts. 2.

What was the aim of the economic reforms which took place between 1983 and 1967?

The aim is to make market forces play a greater role in shaping a healthy national economy so that Australian industries would improve their efficiency and competitiveness. 3.

What is the Treaty of Waitangi?

The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and chiefs of the indigenous Maori people, making New Zealand a British colony. According to the treaty, the Chief of the Maori people gave the Queen of Britain complete governance over their land. In exchange, the Queen of Britain guaranteed to protect all the Maori people and give them the same rights and duties of citizenship as British subjects. The Treaty of Waitangi is also known as New Zealand's founding document, and it marked the beginning of modern New Zealand. Part Five Essay Writing 1.

For Australia, what were the similarities and differences between World War I and World War II?

In terms of similarities, Australia joined both wars following Britain, and had heavy casualties in both wars. Australia also gained some benefits from the wars as it experienced industrial and social development and prosperity after the wars. Australia also got some recognition for its role in the wars and contributions to the victory. In terms of differences, World War II struck Australia much closer to home than World War I. For example, Darwin was attacked by air raids on February19, 1942, and in May and June, Japanese midget submarines attacked Sydney Harbor and Newcastle. 2.

What are the three electoral systems in Australia?

There are three electoral systems which are important in Australia, namely the simple majority system, the preferential representation system and the proportional representation system. The simple majority system is a straightforward form of voting whereby the option with a simple majority of votes wins. Under the preferential representation system, voters number the candidates on the ballot paper in the order of their preference. Proportional representation is an electoral system delivering a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive.

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