2010年全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试真题及答案

2010年全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment． A．anger B．doubt C．love D．surprise

2．The document was compiled by the Department of Health． A．written B．printed C．attached D．sent

3．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art． A．sharing B．using C．denying D．developing

4．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues． A．clear B．regular C．quick D．great

5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners． A．polite B．similar

C．usual D．bad

6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education． A．good B．special C．private D．general

7．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy． A．changes B．reduces C．leaves D．drops

8．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places． A．limited B．allowed C．stopped D．kept

9． What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? A．retirement B．advertisement C．advancement D．replacement

10．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic． A．direct B．stop C．mix D．avoid

11．There was a profound silence after his remark．

A．proud B．short C．sudden D．deep

12．I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues． A．long B．boring C．original D．humorous

13．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village． A．caught B．killed C．found D．jailed

14．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up． A．transfer B．destroy C．establish D．update

15．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year． A．combine B．sell C．close D．break

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 A Great Quake Coming?

Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating．In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people．Residents now wonder when the next\One\．It's bound to happen someday．At least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area．Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each other．When these pieces slip，the ground shakes．

To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens．

One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time．During small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second．During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second．

At such high speeds．massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself．Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the city during the 1906 event．As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse．

Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur．Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906．Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quiet．Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent．

New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes．Still，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old and weak．Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage．

People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while．According to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of\．It's just a matter of when．

16．The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

17．The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

18．The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

19．Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

20．San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

21．Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

22．A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Natural Gas

Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).

The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-tries．More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings． Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.

Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available． It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels．dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-hale．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all．The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly．

The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain. 23．Paragraph 2_______________ 24．Paragraph 3_______________ 25．Paragraph 4_______________ 26．Paragraph 5_______________ A．Popularity and use of natural gas B．Natural gas reserves and supply C．Natural gas prices D．Clean fuel of choice E．Disadvantages of natural gas F．Natural gas consumption

27．Natural gas is stored deep________.

28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ________. 29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas ________. 30．It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase________.

A．over the past 50 years B．beneath the earth surface C．by more than 50 percent D．for more than four decades E．as a raw material F．for home energy needs

第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇

Walking to Exercise the Brain

Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again．Getting some exercise may help，too．

New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise．

Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't．Their brain cells also make more connections．

Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．

Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac- curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．

In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．

So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．

The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet．Still，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．

Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourseff!

31．Walking regularly helps elderly people_______． A．lose weight B．become happier C．concentrate better D．look younger

32．After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_____． A．higher blood pressure B．faster heartbeat

C．more blood flow to the brain D．better appearance

33．The first study on 41 elderly people found______． A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers

34．It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least______． A．3 minutes B．45 minutes C．30 minutes D．10 minutes

35．It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______． A．run around once a week

B．not read and walk at the same time C．go for a walk every day

D．not hurt their friends while exercising 第二篇

Night of the Living Ants

When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．This behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead． Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants．\．take me away．\ But there's a twist to Choe's discovery．These ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)．Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicals．In other words．While an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead． What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，\yet，\：one says，\．\other set says，\．\

Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead． If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up．That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive．

Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says\quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says\dead\left．\because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(墓地)，not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death，\． When other ants detect the\，they haul away the body． This was choe's hypothesis(假设)．

To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹). When the scientists used the\，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away. When the scientists used the\，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the\dead yet\override(优先于) the\when picked up by adult ants． And that when an ant dies，the\dead yet\．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining\the body from the nest．

36．What is meant by\ A．A chemical that contains poison．

B．A chemical that causes death． C．A chemical that announces death． D．A chemical that prevents death．

37．Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants? A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead．

B．When an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest． C．If an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest． D．Living ants have the\． 38．According to Choe's hypothesis，___________. A．an ant still smells like a living when it dies

B．the\ C．the\

D．the\

39．According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis? A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong． B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing． C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising．

D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis． 40．The passage\ A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh B．what an ant does at night

C．how an ant finds its way in darkness D．what happens when an ant dies 第三篇 The Iceman

On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface．

It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head．There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows．

Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I．since several soldiers had already been found in the area． A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．

With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence．however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself． By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．

41．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________． A．two Germans were climbing mountains B．he was just on a mountain pass C．the melted ice made him visible D．he was lying on the ice

42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head． B．The iceman was struck dead from behind． C．The iceman was killed while working． D．The iceman lived a poor life．

43．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT____________． A．he was a soldier in Worid War I

B．he came from Italy

C．he was a Swiss woman'S long-lost father D．He was born about a thousand years ago

44．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________． A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead B．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death C．was probably in some kind of a battle D．had got a wound on the back of his head

45．The word\． A．robbers B．shooters C．soldiers D．hunters

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Semco

At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'S business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7：30 am，until midnight every day．One afternoon，while touring a factory in New York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，\．But if you continue like this．you'll find a new home in our hospital．\．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the ways his employees worked too．

He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．__________(46)．\，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．\

He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，SO bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．__________(47)．As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts．

Semler says，\have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy．But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails，millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea．Rubin springs into action．_________(48)．That'S when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time．\

Semco has flexible working hours：the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．________(49)．

It sounds perfect，but does it work? The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco'S revenues have gone from$35 million to$212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000．Why?

Semler says it's because of\．Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else．_________(50)．In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like aduhs and expects them to act like adults．And they do．

A．This saved money and brought more equality to the company．

B．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want． D．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work．

E．If someone isn't doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue．

F．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year． 第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints

One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints(指纹)．Losing them could become troublesome．A case _________(51)online in a letter by Annals of Oncology(肿瘤学)indicates how big a________(52)of losing fingerprints is．

Eng-Huat Tan，a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine to________(53)his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽癌)．After three years on the_______(54)，the patient decided to visit U．S．relatives last December．But he was stopped by

U．S．customs officials________(55)4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man．There were no_______(56)swirly marks appearing from his index finger．

\．S．customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years．\says．\，for the Singaporean traveler，one potential_________(57)effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads．_________(58)，no fingerprints．\ \taking capecitabine，\．So he__________(60)any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor'S___________(61)pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear．

Eventually，the Singapore traveler made it into the United States．I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags． But he'S also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home_______(62)it．

By the way，maybe the Food and Drug Administration(美国食品药物管理局)，____________(63) approved use of the drug 11 years ago，should consider updating its list of side effects _______(64)with this medicine．The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(呕吐)，stomach pain and some other side effects．But no where__________(65)it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints．

51．A．released B．suggested C．accepted D．detected 52．A．problem B．gap C．sickness D．secret 53．A．cut B．treat C．find D．smooth 54．A．diet B．exercise C．recovery D．drug 55．A．in B．for C．at D．from

56．A．different B．strange C．interesting D．distinctive 57．A．good B．side C．normal D．main 58．A．However B．Meanwhile C．Hence D．Yet 59．A．chance B．mark C．loss D．danger 60．A．reports B．discourage C．cautions D．praise 61．A．note B．name C．book D．number 62．A．on B．out C．without D．off 63．A．who B．when C．which D．where 64．A．collected B．copied C．associated D．tested

65．A．must B．does C．can D．should

2010年全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试参考答案 第1部分：词汇选项

1．A [解析]Patricia生气的瞪着其他的女孩。resentment愤恨。如：He shows no resentment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。anger愤怒。最符合题意。如：I cannot control mY anger．我无法控制自己的愤怒。doubt怀疑。如：There is no doubt that we will be successful．毫无疑问我们会成功。love爱。如：Love conquers all．爱能战胜一切。surprise惊奇。如：What a pleasant surprise thing!多惊喜的事情呀!

2．A [解析]这一文件由卫生部拟写。compile编辑、编写。如：compile an encvclopedia编辑一本百科全书。write写。最符合题目。如：He has written many books．他写过很多书。print印刷。如：print the final copy of your essay打印作文的终稿。attach系，贴。如：attach a label to the product给商品贴上商标。send送。如：He sent her some flowers．他给她送了些花。

3．D [解析]他花费多年培养对艺术的学识。cultivate培养。如：I wiu cultivate the habit of laughter．我要培养笑的习惯。share分享。如：We used to share everything．我们曾经分享一切。use使用。如：use your mind动动脑子。deny否定。如：Can you deny the truth of his statement?你能否认他的声明的真实性吗?develop发展。最符合题意。如：develop a love for music培养对音乐的喜爱。

4．A [解析]在解决这些社会问题上我们看到了明显的转变。marked明显的。如：marked increases明显的增长。clear清晰的。最符合题意。如：a clear explanation清晰的解释。regular规律的。如：regular heartbeats规律的心跳。quick迅速的。如：a quick answer迅速的回答。great伟大的。如：a great career伟大的事业。

5．A [解析]她的父亲话语不多，举止优雅。graceful优雅的。如：The dancer was light and graceful．舞者的舞姿轻盈优美。polite有礼貌的。最符合题意。如：a polite behavior有礼貌的行为。similar类似的。如：a word or phrase of similar meaning意义相近的词或词组。usual通常的。如：His speech followed the usual pattern．他按照通常的方式讲话。bad坏的。如：a bad habit坏习惯。

6．A[解析]我想给儿子们提供体面的教育。decent体面的。如：decent clothes体面的服装。good好的。最符合题意。如：good environment良好的环境。special特别的。如：This is a special occasion．这是一个特殊的场合。private隐私的。如：Fans are always curious about the singer's private life。歌迷总对歌星的私人生活感兴趣。general普遍的。如：the general readers一般的读者。

7． A[解析]在这个过程中，光能会转换成热能。convert转换。如：convert iron to steel变铁为钢。change改变。最符合题意。如：change from an empty space to a busy area从空地变为繁华地区。reduce减少。如：reduce the consumption offuel减少燃料消耗。leave留下。

如：He left the book on the desk．他把书留在桌上。drop掉落。如：A bottle dropped on the floor and smashed．瓶子落地摔碎了。

8． A[解析]许多城市限制在公共场合抽烟。restrict限制。如：The trees restrict our view．这些树局限了我们的视野。limit限制。最符合题意。如：He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes．他必须限制抽烟的数目。allow允许。如：Please allow me to express my warm welcome to our guests．请允许我向来客表示热烈的欢迎。stop停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。keep保持。如：keep silence保持沉默。

9． C[解析]如果我留下，能有多大可能得到提拔?promotion升职。如：May I offer my congratulations on your promotion?请允许我为您的晋升向您道贺。retirement退休。如：Your retirement is really a great disappointment to me．您退休了，真是令我非常失望。advertisement广告。如：This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences．这广告将引起电视观众的注意。advancement晋升。最符合题意。如：His advancement to the position of manager was greeted with enthusiasm．他被提升为经理，大家都为之欢呼。replacement代替。如：They have got a replacement for him．他们把他替换下来。

10．D[解析]如果现在出发就能避免交通高峰。miss错过。如：I missed breakfast this morning．今早我错过了吃早饭。direct指挥。如：She directed the planning of the festival．她统管节日安排。stop停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。mix混合。如：Mix water and flour．将水和面粉混合。avoid避免。最符合题意。如：Avoid making any noise．避免制造任何噪音。 11．D[解析]他讲完后有一阵意味深长的沉默。profound意义深远的。如：What she has to say is very profound．她说的话很有意义。proud骄傲的。如：a proud winner骄傲的胜利者。short短暂的。如：a short journey短暂的旅行。sudden突然的。如：a sudden attack突袭。deep深刻的。最符合题意。如：a deep impression深刻的印象。

12．D[解析]我喜欢这出戏，它有巧妙的情节和风趣的对话。funny有趣的。如：a funny story有趣的故事。long长的。如：long hair长发。boring枯燥的。如：a boring person无聊的人。original最初的。如：Stick to the original plan．坚持原计划。humorous幽默的。最符合题意。如：The film is humorous and moving．这部电影风趣又动人。

13．A [解析]贼最终在距村子两英里的地方被抓住。capture捕获。如：capture territories by force of arms争城夺地。catch抓住。最符合题意。如：Early birds catch worms．早起的鸟儿有虫吃。kill杀害。如：He was killed in a car accident．他丧命于一场车祸。find发现。如：Have you found your key?找到钥匙了么?jail监禁。如：He was jailed last month．他上月被监禁。

14．C [解析]建立这样的数据库成本会非常高。set up建立。如：set up an organization成立一个组织。transfer转移。如：He was transfefred to another department．他调到另一个部门了。destroy破坏。如：The houses were des~oyed in an earthquake．房屋在地震中毁坏。establish成立。最符合题意。如：His grandfather established the family business in 1920．他的祖父在1920年成立了这个家族企业。update更新。如：Have you updated the statistics in the report?你把报告中的数据更新了么?

15．A [解析]两家银行已宣布了明年合并的计划。merge联合。如：Rover is to merge with the BMW．罗佛要和宝马公司合并。combine合并。最符合题意。如：combine theories with practical exI)eriences将实践经验和理论相结合。sell出售。如：How can you seU sueh an old car?t你怎样能将这辆老车卖出去?close关闭。如：Close the door please．请关门。break打碎。如．break a vase打破花瓶。 第2部分：阅读判断

16．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：\least seven active fault lines run through the San FranciSCO area.\

17．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。文章只提到1906年地震破坏性大，没说是最严重的。

18．A [解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：\，baowever，ruptures can laappen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per secona．\由于1906年洛杉矶地震属于大地震，因此本句\年洛杉矾地震断层最高速度超过每秒3.5公里\是正确的。

19．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：\show that earthquakes were common before 1906．\

20．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：\，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak．\既然大多数房屋不能抵挡地震，那么洛杉矶并没有为地震的来临做好准备。

21．C[解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。

22．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：\，however，it's not a matter of'if the Big 0ne will hit'．It's just a matter of wllen．\既然问题是\地震什么时候会发生\，那么这一地震是无法避免的了。 参考译文 大地震就要来了?

住在旧金山的人都知道海湾地区地震高发，而且具有毁坏性。例如1906年的地震毁坏了28000座建筑，让成百上千的人丧命。现在这里的居民想知道下次\大地震\到来的时间，它在某天必定会发生。现在至少有七条活跃的断层线穿过旧金山。断层是地壳破裂面互相移动形成的。当这些破裂面滑动时地震就发生了。

为了迎接那一天，科学家用新技术重新分析1906年的地震，并估计下次地震有可能造成的破坏。

关于1906年地震的一个新发现是圣安德烈亚斯断层分裂的速度比当时科学家认为的要快。小地震发生时断层以每秒2．7公里的速度断裂。然而在大地震时断层断裂速度每秒可超过3．5公里。

在如此高速下聚集了大量压力，并产生比地震本身破坏性更强的地下波。洛杉矶算幸运的，1906年这些压力脉冲游离了该城。尽管破坏很严重，但总算避免了更糟糕的后果。 展望未来，科学家在估计下次大地震什么时候发生。记录显示1906年前地震频发。自此，地震相对减少。然而数据模式显示2032年前一场大地震袭击湾区的可能性至少有62％。 旧金山的新建筑即使在地震中也是完全安全的，但城里超过84％的旧建筑仍是不坚固的。分析家暗示再来一次大地震会造成大面积破坏。

居民觉得住在旧金山是安全的，因为很长一段时间来都很平静。然而根据新的研究，问题已不再是\是否将会发生大地震\，而是\什么时候它会来\。 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

23．A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及各种用途。

24．D[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。

25．F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。

26．B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。

27．B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句\．\

28．F [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句\，natural gas is the most economical source for llome energy neecls，costing one-third as mueh as electricity\．

29．E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话\，much of the gas usecl in the United States is usecl as a raw material to mamrflacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healtlacare，computing ancl fumishings．\

30．C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句\gas demancl will grow by more tllan 50 percent by 2025.\ 参考译文 天然气

天然气深深储藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，是埋藏在地球上百万年的有机物产生的。天然气的主要构成是甲烷。

过去50多年，随着管道基础建设能将气体便利、经济的输送到世界各地的居住区、商业和工业用户，天然气受欢迎程度和使用迅速增长。如今全美50州都有天然气服务，并且是美国家庭和工业燃料首选。超过6500万美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是最经济的家庭能源的来源，费用是电的1/3。除了家庭取暖，美国许多天然气被用作原材料，生产从油漆到服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品。天然气也被用在许多新的发电厂。

天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸气--与人呼气产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的燃烧矿物燃料。燃料的生产和分配必须按照联邦政府的规定，这样能确保向消费者提供安全干净的服务。

美国消费世界天然气出产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部门预计天然气需求量到2025年会增长超过50％。

地表下有大量的天然气储存。最大的天然气储存在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东。过去的四十多年美国同时本土生产和进口液化天然气。现在进口液化气的国家主要有日本、韩国、法国和西班牙。

第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇

31．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。题目是老年人经常运动有助于以下哪项。原文是第二段\对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年更集中精力\。选项A\减肥\；选项B\更愉快\；选项C\精力更集中\；选项D\显得年轻\。因此只能选C。

32．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第三段\以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。\选项A\更高的血压\；选项B\更快的心跳\；选项C\有更多血液流经大脑\；选项D\更好的外表\。因此只能选C。

33．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第五段\研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。\选项A\身体状况不佳的参赛者完成箭头测试更快\；选项B\身体健康的参赛者完成箭头测试的速度更快\；选项C\身体状况不佳的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确\；选项D\身体健康的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确\。因此只能选B。

34．D [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第七段\因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。\因此只能选D。

35．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是最后一段\不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦\。选项A\一周跑一次步\；选项B\不要同时走路和读书\与原文内容一致；选项C\每天散步\；选项D\运动时不要伤着朋友\。因此答案选B\。 参考译文

步行健脑

你认为整日坐着学习就可以提高成绩么?想想吧。做做运动或许也有效呢。 对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年人更集中精力。

以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。

来自Urbana-Champaign大学的神经学家想要知道是否人类也会有同样的情况。首先，他们测量了41位58岁到77岁的成年人行走1英里后的健康状况。然后让这4l位参加者观看电脑屏幕上的箭头，用电脑操纵键指出箭头指向哪里。

研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。有更多的血液流向健康参加者大脑中控制注意力和做决定的部分。 第二项试验中，已完成了一个六个月有氧训练课程的老年人在注意力测试中比另外14位只是做过同样时间的伸展和肌肉锻炼的老年人要更快。

因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。这对你的祖父母来说是个好消息。

运动对年轻人大脑的作用尚未有研究。不过，偶尔放下学习，和朋友们散散步、跑一跑还是有好处的。或许对学习大有裨益。

不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦。 第二篇

36．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文在第二段\加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴：'我死了，把我挪走吧。'\选项A\含有毒物质的化学品\与原文不符；选项B\导致死亡的化学物质\与原文不符；选项C\宣布死亡的化学物质\，符合原文；选项D\阻止死亡的化学物质\与原文不符，因此只能选C。

37．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A\蚂蚁们很快知道有同伴死了\符合原文内容：选项B\当有蚂蚁死了，其他同伴把它的尸体挪出蚁穴\符合原文内容；选项C\有蚂蚁昏迷了，它会被拖出蚁穴\不符合原文内容，符合选项要求；选项D\活蚂蚁身上有'我活着'化学物质\，与原文相符。因此只能选C。

38．D[解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A\蚂蚁死后气味依然和活着时一样\与原文不符；选项B\我已死'化学物在蚂蚁死后会消失\与原文不符；选项C\蚂蚁死后，'我还没死'化学物质留在尸体上\与原文不符；选项D\我没死'化学物质在蚂蚁死后会消失\与原文相符。因此只能选D．

39．B [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。周的假设是当其他蚂蚁监测到\我没死\化学物质消失了，而只有\我死了\物质，它们就将尸体拖走。而实验结果是当科学家用\我已死\化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用\等等，我还没死\这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。结果证明了周假设的正确性。选项A\他的假设是错误的\，不

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/qb68.html