原因、结果、目的状语从句

10 逻辑关系（Logical relations）

(61) 原因和结果

表原因的词：because, since, as, for, because of 表结果的词：so 一、原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, for引导。 (2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。此外，because

和so不能同用在一个句子里。

eg：------Why were you late for school?------Because I got up late.

since引导原因状语从句，相当于now that，意思是“因为……，既然……， 鉴于……”。 eg：Since the rain has stopped，let’s go for a walk. 既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。 as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。

例如 ：As he has no car, he can’t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.

练习： I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.

He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.

you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. ________the bad weather, we missed the train. 二、结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。 (2)在由so...that引导的结果状语从句

其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。 Eg. He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

Liping runs so fast that we can’t catch up with him.

在由such…that引导的结果状语从句

其结构是: “...such +a / an + 形容词+名词+ that + 从句”。 eg： It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）

有时so…that和such...that可以互换。

Eg ： It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=It was so wonderful a film that all of us wanted to see it again.

(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。

eg：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

(4)如果主从句的主语相同，并且从句是否定的形式，可以用too...to...句型转化。

eg：He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep that night.

= He was too excited to go to sleep.

(5)如果主从句的主语相同，但从句是肯定的形式，可以用adj.+ enough替换。

eg：He is so old that he could go to school.

= He is old enough to go to school. 他够大了，可以去上学。

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练习： It is ___ hot in the room ___ we have to go out for a walk.

It was a wonderful movie all of us wanted to see it again.

There were little water in the bottle the bird couldn’t reach it.

三、目的状语从句

表目的的词组：so that, in order that, in order to, to

(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。

eg：We started early so that we could catch the first train. We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(2)so that可引导目的状语从句，此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。

eg：He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early（in order） to get to school on time.

练习： I hurried I wouldn't be late for class. We should go by bus ___ we can get there earlier. May I sit nearer I can see more clearly? (4) 补充：

so as to…(肯定结构)

eg. He got up early so as to catch the early train. so as not to…(否定结构)

eg. He got up early so as not to miss the early train. to…

eg. He got up early to catch the early train.

in order that …

eg. He got up early in order that he could catch the early train.

in order to…

eg. He got up early in order to catch the early train.

强化练习

一、单项选择。

1. Mrs. Green is that she often gives candies to the children. A. so a nice lady B. such a nice lady

C. a so nice lady D. too nice a lady 2．She was _____ tired _____ she could not move an inch. A．so, that B．such, that C．very, that D．so, as

3．—Why is their classroom so clean and tidy？ —______ it is cleaned every day. A．Since B．As C．Because D．For

4. Please answer the question in a loud enough voice ___ all the class may hear.

A. so B. or C. in order that D. and 5. Lift it up___I may see it.

A. though B. so that C. as D. than 6. I hurried ___ I wouldn't be late for class.

A. so B. so that C. if D. unless 7. We should go by bus ___ we can get there earlier.

A. as soon as B. where C. in order that D. as 8. The dictionary is so expensive ___ I can't buy it.

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A. because B. when C. that D. if 9. I got there ___ late ___ I didn't see him.

A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. so; as 10. It is ___ hot in the room ___ we have to go out for a walk. A. such; that B. so; that C. as; as D. such; as 11. He has___ an interesting book that we want to read it. A. so B. such C. the same D. as 答案：1-5 BACCB 6-11 CCCBBB 二、句型转换

1.He is always working hard so that he can get good grades.

He is always working hard _____ _____ _____get good grades. 2.It’s so interesting a book that we read it twice.

It’s ____ an interesting book ____ we read it twice. 3.The little boy is so young that he can’t go to school. The little boy is not_____ _____ to go to school. 4.Why are you doing that?

____ are you doing that____ ? 三、书面表达。

如今，乡村游变得非常流行。尤其是城里的人，在度假时，总选择去农村。为什么他们会做出这样的选择，请用上几个：表原因、目的的词写一段文章。 ( Because, so, in order to , so that……….)

Nowadays, more and more people choose the countryside for their holiday. Especially people living in the city. Why do they do so? Because they are tired of the city lives. Busy work, crowded traffic, terrible pollution and so on. These have made them feel unhappy. In order to relax themselves, they really want some quiet places. So they come to the countryside. There they can breathe fresh air, enjoy farmhouse dish, have a look at green hill, clear river, white clouds and gold crops. It is such beautiful scenery that they will forget all the unhappiness.

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