会计名词术语

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A

AAP (Association of American Publishers),美国出版商协会 Accessibility,data,可达性,数据 Accountants,training of,会计师,培训 Accounting departments,会计部门 Accounting firms:会计师事务所

Large,大型的small,小型的and value assessment,价值评估 Adobe,Adobe公司

Adoption,technology,应用,技术

AICPA(American institute of Certified Public Accountants),美国注册会计师协会 Airline reservation system,航班订票系统 Alarm function,警报功能 Allocation,resource,分配资源 Alphabets,字母表

American Airlines,美国航空公司

American National Standards Institute(ANSI),美国国家标准委员会 X.12 standard,X.12标准

America Online(AOL),美国在线服务公司 Apple Computer,苹果电脑 Application,应用程序

Application service provider(ASP),应用服务提供商 Architecture,体系结构 Archived data,归档数据

Assessment,value,see Value assessment,评估,价值,见价值评估 Association of American Publishers(AAP),美国出版商协会 ATI,Inc.(fictional company),Inc ATI公司(虚构的公司) B

Back-end process,后台流程 Balanced scorecard,综合计分卡

Bandwidth,带宽 Bar codes,条形码

Barron’s Dictionary of Business Terms,拜伦商业术语词典 Baseline cost,基线成本 BASIC,BASIC语言 Benchmarking,基准测试 Benchmarks,基准 Best practice,最佳实务 Beta testing,Beta测试

Bioinformatic Sequence Markup Language(BSML),生物基因序列标记语言 Browser,浏览器

Business models,商业模式 Buy-in,买入 C

Capital,资本

Catalog generation,种类

CD&Associates(fictional company),CD合伙制会计师事务所 CDDB(compact disc data base)service,CDDB(光盘数据库)服务 Cell phones,手机

Cellular communications,手机通讯 Centralized business model,集中商业模式 Central processing units(CPUs),中央处理器 Change managers,更换管理层 C(language),C语言 C++(language),C++语言 Classification systems,分类系统

Client/server architecture,客户机/服务器体系结构 advantages of,优势 limitations of,局限

and PC purchases,PC购买 threats to,威胁到

and Web services architecture,网络五服务体系结构 Client-side processing,客户端的处理 COBOL,COBOL语言(面向商业的通用语言) Collaborative implementation,协作实施 Commitment,投入 Communications,交流

Communications theory,交流理论 Compaq,康柏

Completion(of new product development),完成(产品开发) Compromise,折中 Computerization,电脑化 Computer languages,电脑语言 Computers,evolution of,电脑,演变 Confucius,孔子

Conglomerate,Inc.(fictional company),Conglomerate 有限公司(虚拟公司) Connectivity,high-bandwidth,连接性,高带宽 Consensus,一致 Consulatants,咨询

Contingency plans,应急计划

Continuum model(of new product development),连续模式(新产品开发) Contracts,合同 Control,data,控制数据

Controlled vocabulary,可控词汇表 Control reports,内部控制报告

Corporate accounting departments,公司会计部门 Corporation,公司 Costs:成本

bandwidth:带宽 baseline,基线

as evaluation criteria,作为评估标准 lost opportunity,丧失的机遇 reporting,报告

of technology substitution,技术替换 Culture,文化 Customers,客户 D

DaimlerChrysler AG,戴姆勒-克莱斯勒 Data:数据

accessibility /control of,可达性/控制 compromises on,折中 definition of,定义 financial,财务

Data aggregation,数据集合

Databases,financial,数据库,财务数据

Databases management system(DBMS),数据库管理系统 Data mining,数据挖掘 Data overload,数据超负荷 Data warehouse,数据仓库

Decentralized business model,分散的商业模式 Decision making,决策制定

Decision support system,决策支持系统 Declarative languages,描述性语言 Dedicated networks,专属网络 Dell,戴尔

Department of Defense,国防部

Deployment(of implementation process),部署(实施流程)

Description layer(Web services),描述层(网络服务) Deway Decimal System,杜威十进制系统 Dialup connectivity,拨号连接

Discovery layer(Web services),发现层(网络服务) Disruptive technology,爆炸性技术 Document formatting,文档格式

Document type definitions(DTDs),文档类型定义 E

EAN(European Article Number),欧洲商品编码 Early Adopters,早期采用这 Early Majority,早期的大多数 Ease of use,容易使用 E-commerce,电子商务 Economice,经济性

and continuum model,连续模式 and cost assessment,成本评估 and functionality,功能性

and life span of technology,技术寿命 and value assessment,价值评估

EDGAR Online LLC,埃德加在线有限公司 EDGAR Analyst LLC,埃德加分析

EDI,see Electronic data interchange,EDI,见电子数据交换

EDIA(Electronic data interchange Association),EDIA电子数据交换协会 EDIFACT(United

Nations

Electronic

Data

Interchange

for

Administration,Commerce,and Transport),EDIFACT(美国用于行政管理,商业和运输的电子数据交换)

Einstein,Albert,爱因斯坦 阿尔伯特

Electronic business XML(ebXML):电子商务XML definition of,定义

evolution of,演化 features of,特征

as subsystem of XML,作为XML的子系统

Electronic Data Interchange Association(EDIA),电子数据交换协会 Electronic data interchange(EDI),电子数据交换 alternatives,备选方案 definition of,定义 features of,特征

as legacy system,陈旧系统 and size of system,和系统规模 Electronic spreadsheets,电子制表软件 Element,元素 Employees,员工

Encarta Dictionary,英卡特词典 Encryption,加密 End users,最终用户

Enterprise resource planning(ERP),企业资源规划系统 Environment,环境 Error detection,错误检测

European Article Number(EAN),欧洲商品编码 Evaluation:评估:

of implementation process,实施流程

of product position on continuum,产品存续定位 of value,价值

of XBRL-enabled solution,XBRL解决方案 Expert system,专家系统

eXtensible Business Reporting Language(XBRL),可扩展商业报告语言 assessing value of implementing,评估实施价值 beginning of,开端

and corporate business model,公司商业模式 cost savings with,成本节约

as declarative language,作为描述性语言 definition of,定义 extensibility of,可扩展性 future of ,未来

generic XML vs.,一般XML major challenges of,主要挑战

non-financial reporting functions of,非财务报告功能 as open language,开放式语言

opportunities provided by,提供的机遇

as platform-independent language,独立于平台的语言 as standard language,标准语言 tagged data in,带标记的数据 XML as superset of,作为XML的子集

Extensible Financial Reporting Markup Language(XFRML),可扩展财务报告语言 Extensible Markup Language-Message Text Format(XML-MTF),可扩展标记语言-信息文本格式

eXtensible Markup Language(XML),可扩展标记语言 beginnings of,开端

custom catalogs generated with,产生的目录 and data,数据

as declarative language,作为描述性语言 and display,显示 extensibility of,可扩展性 HTML vs.,HTML对

as superset of XBRL,作为XBRL扩展集 tagged statements in,带标记的表达式

Extensible Stylesheet Language(XSL),可扩展样式语言

External fact finding,外部信息搜寻

Externally-focused evaluation criteria,集中在外部的评估标准 External marketing,外部营销 External reports,外部报告 F

Fact finding,信息搜寻 Feasibility,可行性 Filtering,过滤

Financial reproting:财务报告: achieving progress in,达到流程 costs of,成本

current approach to,当前方法 as form of communications,交流形式 Internet-based,以互联网为吉春 management’view of,管理人员的角度 volume of,数量

Financial statements,财务报表 Firewalls,防火墙 Fraud,欺诈 Functionality,功能性

Functional specifications,功能规范 G

GAAP(generall accepted accounting principles),GAAP(公认会计准则) GAME(Genome Annotation Markup Elements),基因注释标记元素 Generalized Markup Language(GML),通用标记语言 GGG(Great Global Grid),GGG全球电脑网络

Gracenote CDDB Music Recognition Service,格雷斯努特CDDB音乐认证服务 Grammar,语法

Graphical user interface(GUI),图形用户界面 H

Healthcare industry,医药保健行业

Health Level 7(HL7) protocol,健康标准7协议 Hewlett-Packard,惠普

High-bandwidth connectivity,宽带连接

HTML, Hypertext Marup Language,超文本标记语言 Human resources,人力资源 I

IBM,美国国际商用机器公司 Ics(integrated circuits),IC 集成电路 Implementation:实施: assessing benefits of,评估收益 collaborative,协作 time frame for,时间框架 Implementation process,实施流程

corporate accounting department example of,公司会计部门举例 deployment phase of ,部署步骤 evaluation phase of,评估步骤 fact finding phase of,信息搜寻步骤 implementation phase of,实施步骤

large accounting firm example of,大型会计师事务所举例 planning phase of,规划步骤 predictors of successful,预计成功 resource allocation,资源分配

small accounting firm example of,小型会计师事务所举例 timing of,时机

Implementation team,项目实施小组

Inception(of new product development),开端(新产品开发) Incremental cost,增加的成本 Information(definition),信息(定义)

Information systems,failure rate of,信息系统失效率 Information technology(IT),信息技术 changing nature of,变化的本质

infrastructure evolution of,基础设施的演化 and standards,标准 Infrastructure,基础设施 client /server,客户机/服务器 definition of,定义 investments in,投机于 mainframe,大型机 PC,个人电脑 as resource,资源 Web services,网络服务 Innovation,创新 Innovators,创新者 Insourcing,内包

Integrated circuits(ICs),集成电路 Intellectual capital,智力资本 Intellectual property,知识产权 Intelligent agents,智能代理 Interfaces:接口 definition of ,定义

and size of system,系统规模 system,系统

Internally focused evaluation criteria,集中于内部的评估标准 Intenal marketing,内部推广 Internal repors,内部报告

Internal Revenue Service(IRS),美国国税局

International financial standards organizations(list),国际财务标准组织(列表)

International Organization for Standardization(ISO),国际标准化协会

International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Standardization(ITU-T) standards,国际电信联盟电信标准协会 Internet,互联网

Internet-based reporting,基于换联网的报告 Intuit,直觉 J

Japanese Article Number(JAN),日本商品编号 Java,JAVA语言 K

KM,Knowledge management,知识管理 Knowledge base,知识基础

Knowledge(definition),知识(定义) Knowledge workers,知识工人 L

Labor,organized,劳工组织 Laggards,落后者 Language(s),语言 computer,电脑

declarative vs. Procedural,描述性 对程序性 definition of,定义

object-oriented programming,面向对象编程 LANs(local area netoworks),局域网 Late Majority,成熟期的大多数 Legacy systemsm陈旧系统 Libraries,数据库

Life span(of technology),寿命(技术) Lost opportunity costs,损失的机会成本 Lower-level managers,低级管理人员 M

Macintosh(Apple),苹果机(Macintosh) Mainframe computers,大型电脑 Management,管理层 and benchmarks,基准 and communications,交流 compromises of,折中 and data overload,数据超负荷 and evaluation phase,评估数据 and implementation phase,实施步骤 and innovation,创新

and people-oriented investment,以人为本的投资 successful,成功

Management control data,管理层控制数据 Marketing,市场营销

Marketing gateway(of new product development),开拓市场(新产品开发) Markup(term),标记(术语) Metadata(definition),元数据(定义) Metcalf,Bob,梅特卡夫 Metcalf’s Law,梅特卡夫定律 Microcomputers,微机 N

National Semiconductor,美国国家半导体公司 Needs analysis,需求分析 Networks,网络 Networking,网络化 Network protocols,网络协议 News services,新闻服务 Number notation,注释的数量 O

OASIS(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards),结构化信息标准促进组织 Object oriented,面向对象

Object-oriented programming(OOP),面向对象程序设计

Office of Official Publications of the European Community,欧盟的分公司间发布 Open Financial Exchange(OFX),开放式财务交换 Open language,XBRL as,开放式语言,XBRL Operations reports,经营报告 Oracle,甲骨文公司

Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards(OASIS),结构化信息标准促进组织 Organized labor,有组织的劳工 Outsourcing,外包 P

Packaging layer(Web services),软件包层(网络服务) Palo Alto Reserach Center(PARC),Palo Alto研究中心 PDAs(personal digital assistants),PDA个人数据处理 People-oriented investments,以人为本的投资 Periodic Comprehensive Reports,定期综合报告 Periodic Limited Reports,定期局部报告

Planning(implementation process),规划(实施流程)

Platform-independent language,XBRL as,独立于平台的语言XBRL Price,价格

Procedural languages,程序性语言

Process-oriented investments,以流程为先的投资 Process point(of new product development),生产环节 Product viability,产品生命力 Programmers,程序员

Programming languages,程序设计语言

Project management system,项目管理系统 Proprietary software,专用软件 Protocols,协议

Public relations,公共关系 Pyramidal model,金字塔模型 R

Record keeping,electronic vs.paperbased,数据记录,电子化对纸文本 Reengineering,再造

Reporting,Financial reporting,报告 Request for proposals(RFPs),招标需求 Requirements specification,需求规范

Requirements specifications document,需求规范文档 Resource allocation,资源分配 Return on investment(ROI),投资收益 Risk,风险

as evaluation criteria,作为评估标准 people,人员 process,流程 resource,资源 technology,技术

and value assessment,价值评估 S

SABRE(Semi-Automated Business Research Environment),半自动商业研究环境 Sarbanes-Oxley Act(SOA),萨班斯-奥克斯利 法案 Schema,大纲

Search engines,搜索引擎

Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC),证券交易委员会 Security,证券 Seminars,研讨会

Senior management,高级管理层 Servers,服务器

Server-side processing,偏向服务器的流程

SGML,see Specialized Generalized Markup Language,SGML专用标记语言 Shared vision,共享的视野 Shareholders,股东 Siemens AG,西门子

Signing off (on work),验收(对于工作) Site visits,实地访问 Size,company,规模,公司

Small accounting firms,小型会计事务所 Software:软件

for mainframe computers,为大型机设计的 proprietary ,专用的 Source code,源代码 Specific Reports,特定报告 Spreadsheets,电子表格 Stakeholders,利益相关者 Standards,标准 adoption of ,采用 communications,交流 definition of,定义 for ebXBRL,

evolution of accounting,会计行业的演变 internet,互联网

key issues with,关键问题 organizations promoting,机构推广 value of,价值 Stylesheets,样式表

Success,predictors of,成功,预测 Sun Microsystems,太阳微系统公司 Syntax,系统的

Systems integration,系统整合 System interfaces,系统接口 T Tages,标记

Tagged data,带标记的数据 Taxation,税务 Taxonomy,分类法 Tax returns,纳税申报

Team,implementation,小组,项目实施

Technical gateway(of new product development),技术创新 Technologies:技术: competing,竞争 life span of,寿命

Technology Adoption Curve,技术应用曲线 Technology-related investments,技术相关投资 Telephones,电话 Template,模板

Time line,technology adoption,时间表,技术应用 Time value,时间价值 Timing :时机

of implementation process,实施流程 for small accounting firms,小型会计师事务所 Training,培训

Transport layer(Web services),运输层(网络服务) U

UN/CEFACT(United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business),

联合国贸易促进和电子商务中心

Uniform Product Code(UPC),通用产品代码

United Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration,Commerce and Transport(EDIFACT),管理,商业和运输电子数据交换(联合国) Universal Business Matrix LLC, Universal Business Matrix 有限公司 Usability,可用性

User documentation,用户档案 Users,end,用户,最终 V

Value-added networks(VANs),增值网络 Value assessment,价值评估

balanced scorecard technique for,综合计分卡方式 benchmarking for,基准测试法 and corporate environment,公司环境 of ROI,投资收益 time,时间 Value chain,价值链 Vendors:供应商

and benchmarks ,基准 collaboration with,协作 evaluation of,评估

and product functionality,产品功能 relationships with,关系 XBRL(list),XBRL列表

Vendor –agnostic industry standards,与供应商无关的行业标准 Verdor-specific communications standards,供应商指定的交流标准 Viability,product,生命力,产品 Virtual structure,虚拟结构 Vision,愿景

Vocabulary,词汇表

Volume,reporting ,数量,报告 W

Web-based reporting,see Internet-based reporting,基于网页的报告 见基于互联网的报告

Web browsers,网络浏览器

Web services architecture,网络服务体系结构 AOL example of,AOL美国在线举例

and client/server architecture,客户机/服务器 体系结构层 layers of,层

and PC purchases,采购PC threats to,威胁 World Wide Web

World Wide Web consortium(W3C),World Wide Web Consortium 3W协会 X

XBRL-enabled solution evaluation ,XBRL方案评估 collaborative implementation phase of,协作实施步骤 external focus phase of,外部关注步骤 internal focus phase of,内部关注步骤 Xerox,施乐公司

XFRML(Extensible Financial Reporting Markup Language)可扩展财务报告标记语言

XML-MTF(eXtensible Markup Language-Message Text Format)XML-MTF可扩展标记语言-信息文本格式

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