2018年高考英语真题与模拟类编：专题05-阅读理解（含答案）

2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之阅读理解

2018年高考阅读理解

【2018·全国I】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

Duration Tour

This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

Duration:3 hours (4 miles)

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.

Duration:3 hours

Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

Duration:3 hours(7miles)

Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National

Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people.

B. Go to a national park.

C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. C. Meals

B. Cameras. D. Safety lights

【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D

【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。

点睛：本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。in advance意为：提前。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。

B

Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.

In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.

\restaurant,\一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. \

The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.

With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.

B. She has started a new programme.

C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. C. He assists her in cooking matters.

B. He prepares food for her kids. D. He invites guest families for her.

26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. C. Add some background information. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart

B. Balancing Our Daily Diet

B. Provide some advice for the readers. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.

C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less

【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。

24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。

25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。

点睛：本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,…可知作者是为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。

C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres,

trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xk

Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining

speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected

29. Which of the following best explains\？ A. Complex. C. Powerful.

B. Advanced. D. Modem.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6 800 C. About 2.400

B. About 3 400 D. About 1-200

31. What is the min idea of the text? A. New languages will be created.

B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages C. Human development results in fewer languages

D. Geography determines language evolution. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 28. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。

29. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。

点睛：长难句解读

In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

分析：and连接两个并列句，前面的介词短语in. . .作时间状语，all和前面的名词短语是同位语。

句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。

D

We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of

something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. \living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,\devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy

consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices?

A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology.

D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. C. The LCD TV.

B. The tablet.

D. The desktop computer.

35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. C. Upgrade them.

B. Take them apart. D. Recycle them.

【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A

【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。

32. 观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。 33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life 可知，Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。

34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。

35. 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。

点睛：熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键，也是解题的关键。本文中的比较句型： 1. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things 做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源，对环境有害，浪费钱财。

2. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

根据Babbitt团队的分析，旧的桌面监视器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备，它们的耗能和温室气体的排放是1992到2007window的两倍还多。

3. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了44%。

【2018·全国II】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Summer Activities

Students should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices. Activity Description Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a Outdoor Adventure (OUT) number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment. WWI Battlefields On Monday we travel to Mrs. Milson ￡425 Mr. Clemens ￡140 Member of staff Cost

and Paris (WBP) London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled Crafty Foxes (CRF) and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations...Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles. Mrs. Goode ￡30 Potty about Potter Visit Warner Bros Miss Drake ￡150

点睛：作此类型的题时，一定要读懂第一段。第一段读懂了，整篇文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大意，第28题我们也不难看出答案，本文讲的肯定不是质量，不是活动也不是关系。而是习惯，即孩子们的阅读习惯。

D

We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t

even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its

waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop

experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says. 32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Addiction to smartphones.

B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places. C. Absence of communication between strangers. D. Impatience with slow service.

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci? A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people. C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals. 34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk? A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence. C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good. 35. What is the best title for the text?

A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C

【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。

32. 主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故

选C项。

33. 推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。

34. 推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。

35. 主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。

点睛：我们在做阅读理解时，尽量找出每段的主讲内容（可能是一句话或是一个短语），这样有利于整篇文章的把握，有利于做文章大意题。如35题，很显然本文讲的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以ABD都可以轻松排除。

【2018·全国III】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens

Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By Car： Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hour 30 minutes.z.x.xk

By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.

Opening Times

Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November.

Admission Charges

Hall & Gardens Gardens

Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Groups ￡9 ￡5.5 Producers: Market 13th April

Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.

Holker Garden Festival 30th May

The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.

National Garden Day 28th August

Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November

This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.

21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A. 20minutes. B. 25 minutes. C. 45 minutes. D. 90 minutes.

22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens? A. ￡l2.00. B. ￡9.00. C. ￡8.0 D. ￡5.50

23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A. Producers' Market. B. Holker Garden Festival. C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D

【解析】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。

21. 细节理解题。根据第一段How to Get to Holker中By car里Approximate travel times后面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1 hour and 30 minutes，即90分钟，故选D。

22. 细节理解题。根据Admission Charges可知，团体中的一员去Hall & Gardens 需要支付9英镑。

23. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Winter Market中最后一句Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去Winter Market。故选D。

【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。

此题中的三题全为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如第一题为转述型，1 hour and30 minutes，即90分钟。第二题和第三题则为简单的一一对应型，只要找到信息句即可得出答案。

B

Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.

Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they

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