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Acknowledgements

The paper was completed in May 2010, and many people have helped with it.

Here I would particularly like to acknowledge my respectable supervisor, A/Prof. * * * , for the valuable advice that she has given to me in the writing of this paper. In addition to what she has taught in her class on how to prepare and write the paper, she has also provided me with abundant materials. I also want to acknowledge the teachers in Foreign Language Department in Hubei University of Chinese Medicine who have taught me the essential knowledge of English writing and information searching. Besides, my roommates and friends should be acknowledged too for their kind and generous help.

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Abstract: As a common core of culture view of westerners, individualism has now deeply rooted in people’s mind in western countries. This concept can be traced back to the 15th and 16th century when the tide of Renaissance swept the western world. Since the time it came into being, it has developed with the society on which it has imposed great impact constantly. It has been gaining more and more attention in its different forms, and has been playing a unique role in the society. Based on the studies of other researchers on this value, this paper tries to focus on the topic—American Feminine Individualism in American society from the late 19th to the early 20th century from a cultural point of view.

This paper first tries to differentiate three terms in American culture—American Individualism, American Feminism, and American Feminine Individualism. Then it focuses on the development of American Feminine Individualism and the influences it has brought to American society from the late 19th to the early 20th century. In the conclusion part of this paper, several aspects are summed up to give recommendations for further research.

Key words: individualism feminism feminine Individualism cultural analysis

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摘要：个人主义作为西方人价值观的共同核心，已深深植根于西方各国人民思想之中。个人主义的观念可以追溯到15-16世纪，在那段历史期间文艺复兴的思潮袭卷了整个西方世界。从形成伊始，个人主义就开始随着社会的发展不断改变，以不同的形式在西方社会引起了不同程度的关注，并在社会变更中发挥着自己独特的作用，基于众多学者们对这一特殊价值观的研究，本论文侧重从文化视角探讨19世纪末到20世纪初美国社会中 “女性个人主义”这个核心话题。

在论文开始部分，对三个在美国社会变革起到巨大作用的术语，美国个人主义、女权主义、女性个人主义，做了区别分析。接下来，论文主体部分围绕着19世纪末期到20世纪初美国女性个人主义在社会中的发展和它对人们的生活产生的影响，最终导致的结果展开讨论。论文结论部分在总结全文的基础上，提出了进一步深入研究的建议。

关键词：个人主义 女性主义 女性个人主义 文化分析

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ---------------------------------------------------------------------i Abstract in English ---------------------------------------------------------------------ii Abstract in Chinese -----------------------------------------------------------------------------iii

1.0 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2.0 Literature Review---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 3.0 Description of American Individualism, Feminism and

Feminine Individualism-----------------------------------------------------------------------3 3.1 American Individualism and American Feminine Individualism---------------------3 3.2 American Feminism and Feminine Individualism---------------------------------4 4.0 The Birth of American Feminine Individualism-------------------------------------5 4.1 Social Background of the 19th and the 20th Century--------------------------------5 4.1.1 The Celebrated Life Style and Spirit-------------------------------------------5 4.1.2 The Economic Development and Working Class----------------------------5 4.2 Factors for the Birth of American Feminine Individualism-----------------------6 4.2.1 Women’s Living Situation during this Period of Time---------------------6 4.2.2 The Social Setting in the Changing World------------------------------------7 4.3 The Primary Forms of American Feminine Individualism-----------------------------7 5.0 The Development of American Feminine Individualism from the 19th to the

20th Century--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 5.1 Conception Change of American Feminine Individualism-----------------------------8 5.2 Alternation of Methods in Pursuing American Feminine Individualism-------------8 6.0 Improvements of Women’s Life Brought about in the Pursuit of

Feminine Individualism-------------------------------------------------------------------------9 6.1 Legal Status Change-------------------------------------------------------------------------10 6.2 Women’s Status Change in Politics-------------------------------------------------------10 6.3 Women in Reform Movements------------------------------------------------------------10 7.0 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

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