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riPtern ,ivennor, tcisntesit, tatessmna ,idlpomt Aai dJeffersnoin witirg ThneDec laarton if Inoedpndenece. Seekh le frpm oranFc en Aierimca nIdneendept nWar.

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Ea“ry lotb ed,ear ylto isre ames akman heltahy, ewatlhy, na disw.e”“Sl to mahke sall hitnsg dffiiuctl,i ndusrty all eays”.惰懒 使切一都办;难勤使凡奋事顺皆 利It“i shrad fr ona mety spcakto sandt puigrh.”t空袋 难立 Ne“ecssty never miaeda ogdobarg ia.”急n难买需便宜货 “K ee ypur eyoe sidwe opn befeor earmriaeg ha,l shftu atfreawrds” “W.hneth ewe l li dsyr,t he ynok thwe owth ofr awter.

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Th Aeutoboigaphry riWtngi hen whe aw s65In lcuidn gour parftsw irtetn i difnerefn ttime ithWi th ese thte frm osaa g eren.

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raFknlin’ Csotniburionstto S oietyce Hhlepe doufdnth eennsPlvyania oHsitpl. aH eofuden an dcadeamy whichl e dot te hnUveisriytof Pnenylsvnia. anA dehhe plde ofud tnehAm eirac nhPlisoohipal cScoeity.rFnkainls’Con tirbutoni sto ScenieHce as waso lreemberme fdr ovountelerfire dep ratmnes, etfectfivestr etel igtingh, het Farklninst ov,eb focialg alsess na dfeicfent hieaingt eviced.s ndA fr his olgihtnnigrod, -e hwa casleld “hten we rPmoehtes whu hodas tolne irf fromeh eaenv ”

.Fanklinr’s Cotrnbuiitons to he tU..Se was Hteh oly Amneiranc o stgn ihet ofrud couemnts hatt ceaterd th eniUtde Satte: shTe Dclaretain oof nIepdndenee,cTh eTreaty fo Alianle wcih tFanrc,eThe reTaytof eaPec itw Ehnlgadn,The Co ntisttiuno

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发现闪电的实了质；造创许了多学方面电专门名词的 对各种电；象的理现(如电荷的论产生、荷的电移转 、静感电应)作等了统阐系述发明；避雷了、针摇、 双椅焦眼距、宾夕镜法尼亚炉、火高取架书；架 还创 立美了第国所一图书馆改；了善邮政系；发统现西哥墨 暖流；阐述了湾传导热论；研理过利用蒸发取究低得温的 法；方近通风代的法 方各；植物种的移植；传染病 的防…治

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Autoiobgaphry Inpisinr accgunt of a opor boo’ysr sie t ao ighh poistin.oIt is aho -wt-oodit -boo,kon one hteart of s elfmpirvemoent r,s illtwel l-erad otdy,ahi svlaue snad tsly enfiluncedel ost f omericans

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Contetsn I:tco eredvF raklnnis’ lfei onlyun tl i7175 whe he wna 5s1 eaysrold. I tedcsribedh i lifes a sashr wed (精)明 nad idusntiros ubsineussmna ad nanrrteashow he onwe thedc nstaon feticliyt(幸 )运 o hfi lisfe hi, losn-gcotinneud ehalth an dacqiustioi(获n得 )of for unt.

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E valuaiot nTeh Autoibograph yi as erocdrof slf-eexamnatioina nd elsfmirpoveentm. BenjmainFr nalin kwas a

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y Fhrnkail nis amdreid and ear widdeyl?

He isa ytpialc Ameriacn, model f toh eself-mdae man a ,ucturla hlreow ohe sifel exepmilfei thd Ameeicanr rdeamo fhe toorp byo whoma edg od.oHe st erssd teh emiortapcn eofwo rikgn ahrdt moaek onmey,ha pinepss deepdningin th eifrt plsac en oecnomoi succecssan dpoitimstiaclly belieedv tht evary Ameeirac noculd od os .H was coneivncde htat n mao couln be divrutosuor h app uylessnhe idd hi sestbto im porv thee ile ff ohi ssocetiyan dhis on wifel.

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Thmaso Panie

Popagrandist ,papmhleteer a, amter ofs persusioa whnoun erdtsnda sthe powr eoflangu aegt moov ae mnat octaino.Mai norwks C:mmoo Senns ehe AmerTianc risCi sTheRi hgt sfo amnT heAge ofR esano

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《 常识这类朴素而又》真实的说言成，一种为大的启巨蒙 力，量在们人中心引起“一了种大的变极化(华盛 顿语”,深刻)鼓地舞殖民地了人的民斗。志常《识》, 当时在足2不00人万北的，美乎每一几个年成男子都人手 一册；盛华顿率的士领兵口袋，也差不多中都一 有本—尽—管被已看翻模的不清。因为《糊识》常的出，版 整个美人民北知都应该道样怎行动。了说一部常识《 》动推美了国的国进程建，或为过。不就连美“坚合众 国”这利名个，以称及《立独言宣》若干的内容也是出，自 恩潘手。独立之战争间，期整在个国英以及北，美 《常，识》是仅次于《圣》经影的力响大、最播范传围最广的一 本书事。上实它，已影响了经个整世。界

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mao Jsffeeson r(174-38126)

Enlihtenger, plntear l,waeyr, a symblo ofAmer ian cdmeorcacy T.hid rrePsdinte (108-1809) 1Mnaof amnyt lentsa sc:intesti,in vneto,rm siciun,al niguits, racihtcet, dplomiat and wirtr.e

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heT eDcalatior no InfdepndeencehT esseya, nt onlo anynonuce the dirthb ofa ne nwtaoni ,ut blsa oets fort ha phiolsohyp foh uamnf eerod.m(Jul y 4,1 767 )I tis asatetmetnof A ericanm rpicnpiles, prsentedeth emerAcain ivw et oteh orwdlw it hlacssicdignity. It nistliedl(渗 透 )mango tehcomm n opeploea s enseo tfhiero n impowtrnae and icnpsrides tuggrl fer poreonalsf reedom, elfsg voremennt ad andign ifedip alecin s ciety.

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