分译法

选修课英汉翻译7：分译法

1. 翻译下列句子，注意划线单词的分译：

1). They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。（分译副词）

2). He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal. 他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，但还是白费了力气。（副词的分译）

3). No longer are the problems which they foresaw lodged safely in some distant future. 他们所预见到的问题，必须马上解决，否则今后就会出麻烦了。（副词的分译）

4). Jordan cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference. 约旦如拒绝接受阿拉伯外长会议的邀请，这在礼貌上也说不过去。（副词的分译）

5). She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她自夸她有高超的烹调技艺，这是情有可原的。（副词的分译）

6). Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 海罗德与众不同，他隐藏着自己的感情，边看边学。（分译单词）

7). The powerful P.L.A. is, an oddly unmilitary army. 强大的人民解放军是不拘军队礼仪的，这是罕见的。或：强大的人民解放军是世界上罕见的不拘军队礼仪的军队。（副词的分译）

8). With the fear of imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him. 由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但所谓的阴谋只不过是他的凭空想象罢了。（形容词的分译）

9). The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her：neither too fast nor too slow. 计算机能给玛丽上课，上得恰倒好处，既不太快也不太慢。（形容词的分译）

10). One problem in trying to discuss my reporting is its sheer volume. 我的报告篇幅特长，要对它进行讨论，这就成了一个问题。（名词的分译）

11). Let us admit, and regret, that he honestly believes it impossible to differ from him honestly. 我们不得不承认，他真的相信凡与他抱有不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子，这是很令人遗憾的事。（名词的分译）

12). At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 现在人们都倾向于采取一种不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为这样做安全而不招风险。（名词的分译）

13). American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters. 美国囚犯获得允许接受红十字会移送来的成包的食品，并且获得允许写信，但信是要经过检查的。（分词的分译）

14). He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 她昂首阔步地走了，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼。（分词的分译）

15). A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris. 他得了感冒，而且越来越厉害，便只好回巴黎去了，但对他的离去谁也没有感到遗憾。（分词的分译）

16). Mr. Brown is an old hand at business. He always succeeds. But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes are made, so that his factory breaks. 布朗先生是做生意的老手，他经常是成功的。但偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误而导致他的工厂的破产。（副词的分译）

2. 翻译下列句子，注意划线短语的分译：

1). The government forbade students to take part in the parade, a rather difficult task. 政府禁止学生参加游行，尽管要做到这一点是相当困难的。（名词短语的分译）

2). With the increase of production the living condition of the common people is becoming better and better. 随着生产的增加，普通人民的生活条件变得愈来愈好了。

3). Strange enough, they were the same to the day. 说来也真巧，他俩年纪一样大，而且还是同日生的。（副词和介词短语分译）

4). To compare two types of the social system in this country, we should know its past in detail. 要比较这个国家的两种社会制度，我们就得详细了解它的过去。（不定时短语的分译）

5). He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed. 他病得太厉害，不能行走只能呆在床上。（分译动词不定式和介词短语）

6). There are many kinds of atoms, differing in both mass and properties. 原子的种类很多，其质量与性质都不同。（现在分词短语分译为独立的句子）

7). Modest, unassuming, easy to approach, Premier Zhou soon put everyone there completely at ease. 周总理是那样谦虚，随和，平易近人，使大家很快无拘无束了。

8). For all its great size, the machine moves noiselessly. 尽管这台机器体积很大，运转起来却没有噪声。（介词短语的分译）

9). Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。（介词短语的分译）

10). He sat in the front row, with his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word. 他坐在前排，半张着嘴，伸长脖子惟恐听漏一字。

11). He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来看，时机正合适。（本例还出现了单词的分译，internationally 被分译为独立的句子）

12). Sympathizing with the peasant uprisings, he praised the peasant leaders. 因为他同情农民起义，所以他赞扬农民领袖。

13). Why did they want a new leader? Partly it was because they deeply felt that Mr. Heath, for all his many qualities, was a born loser. 他们为什么想换一换领袖？这其中部分是因为他们深切地感到，尽管希思先生有许多优良品质，他却是个天生的败将。

14). This is an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the Chair. 这是一次精心组织起来的会议，城市大厅济济一堂，主持会议的是Strong 先生。

15). A lot of naked animals who attach such great importance to staying alive that they claw their neighbors to death just for the privilege. 都是些赤裸裸的畜生，把生命看得那么重要，为了自己能活下去，可以把邻居活活弄死。（名词短语和介词短语的分译）

16). To be allowed to speak out is one of the democratic principles to be observed. 允许别人讲话，这是一个应该遵循的民主原则。

17). After that, his youthful indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think of a nonsports career caught up with him. 他年轻时对学业漫不经心，加之又一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业，此时这一切终于给他带来了不幸。（名词短语的分译）

18). He was at his height of his popularity and could doubtlessly have had another term for the asking. 他当时正得人心，毫无疑问，只要他说上一声，他本可以再任一届的。（本句还出现了单词doubtlessly 的分译）

19). He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. 他留下一封短信对我表示欢迎，那封信写得热情洋溢，一如其人。

20). He was six feet one inch tall, weighed 185 pounds and had incredible speed and power. 他高六英尺一英寸，体重185磅，速度奇快，力量大得惊人。（名词短语的分译）

21). I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我在头三年里写了四本书，以往还从未有过这样的记录。

22). Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能创造，也不能毁灭，这是一条公认的规律。

23). Sometimes, to his delight, he was allowed to take short trips outside the small town. 有时他还可以离开小镇到外面走一走，这使他感到很欣喜。

24). Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books. 富兰克林的整个一生都在受教育，他不仅从书本中学习，而且也从与人交往中学习。（分词短语的分译）

25). One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. 计算机可能有思想，这个猜想使我们不得不以新的眼光仔细考察思想这一主题。（名词的分译）

26). Science and technology modernized, industry and agriculture will develop rapidly. 如果科学技术现代化了，工农业就会迅速发展。（独立结构的分译）

27). This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the Chair. 这是一次精心组织起来的会议，城市大厅挤了一堂，斯特朗先生主持了这次会议。(独立结构的分译)

28). Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. 虽然他很少有欢乐，却始终不懈地探索人生的意义，而且从青少年时代起就对文学和哲学怀有较大的兴趣。（分译短语）

29). Discovered a mere one hundred fifty years ago and manufactured commercially just half that long, aluminum today ranks behind only iron and steel among metals serving mankind. 铝的发现仅150年，商业生产恰好是这个时间的一半。今天在为人类服务的金属中，铝的地位仅次于铁和钢。（短语的分译）

30). The lecture having begun, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker. 演讲已经开始，他离开座位时那么轻，因此谁也没有怪他干扰演讲。（短语分译）

3.将下列简单句分译成两个或两个以上的句子：

1). He built upon these natural gifts daily. 在天赋的基础上，他坚持训练，技艺与日俱增。

The Prime Minister added, ―we are now once again regarded by other states as a power whose judgment can be trusted and whose promises can be relied on.‖

首相说 : ― 我们这个大国的判断是可以相信的, 我们这个大国的诺言是可以信赖的; 现在

其它国家又把我们当作这样的大国了.‖

4. 当状语太长而硬译成一句变得不容易读或不易理解时,应该分译. 如:

A report of the proposed compromise plan came from a reliable source only a few hours after the president’s special envoy, Mr. X, emerged from his fifth secret session with the Egyptian Foreign Minister and told newsmen ―A solution is in sight.‖

关于折中方案的消息是一位可靠人士传出来的. 在这个消息传出之前不过几小时, 总统的特使某先生在与埃及外长进行第五次秘密会谈之后, 曾对记者说: ―解决方案现已在望‖. 5. 一个长句的从句实际上起过渡或承上启下作用, 即是说此从句可以帮助长句的前一部分向后一部分过渡, 这时要分译. 例如:

This suggestion was made today by the influential New York Times which predicted a ―change of topic‖ at the forthcoming meeting, with emphasis shifting from armament limitation to human rights…

这个建议是有影响的<纽约时报>今天提出来的. 该报预言, 即将举行的会议, ― 议题会有改变‖, 侧重点会由武器限制问题转到人权问题.

6. 一长句提及多个方面内容, 可以在分译 中重译原文的某个关键词语. 如:

― The Civil War, lasting four years and costing at least a million lives, civilian and military, was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the New World, a war that proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that human beings in America could no longer be bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners.

美国的南北战争历时四年之久, 夺去了至少一百万军民的生命, 是在新大陆(新世界) 进行过的规模最大的一次战争, 这次战争以革命的方式使种植园主认识到: 在美国, 再也不能为了寄生的土地所有者的利益而把人任意买卖.任意驱使,任意杀害了.

(三〕典型长句英汉对照: 英语长句很多。英语中一个句号前最多能有多少词, 在浩如烟海的文献中无法弄清楚。但含有上百个词的英文长句是不难找到的。下面列出的长句引自 ―David Copperfield‖:

The rest is all a more or less incoherent dream….

Of Miss Lavinia, who acts as a semiauxiliary bridesmaid, being the first to cry, and of her doing homage (as I take it) to the memory of Pidger, in sobs; of Miss Clarissa applying a smelling-bottle; of Agnes taking care of Dora; of my aunt endeavoring to represent herself as a model of sternness, with tears rolling down her face; of little Dora trembling very much, and making her responses in faint whispers. (这一例实为一介词短语)

（75 words） 其余的情况, 只是一场或多或少不相连属的大梦.

莱薇妮亚小姐怎样像是半个助理伴娘,怎样头一个哭起来; 她怎样对于故去的皮治先生嘘唏致敬 (这是我的想法); 珂萝莉莎小姐怎样拿出闻药来闻; 爱格尼怎样照顾朵萝; 我姨婆怎样表面上装作是铁石心肠的模范, 眼泪却止不住从脸上滚滚往下直流;朵萝怎样浑身抖得厉害, 应答的时候, 怎样有气无力,声音低微: 所有这种情况,对于我,也只是一场大梦. (----张谷若译)

(四) 汉语长句英译的分译: 和英译汉的情形差不多, 汉语长句英译也可使用分译法. 如果留心读第五卷<毛泽东选集>英译本, 便会发现大量分译的例子.

汉译英的分译也可以总结出不少规则, 常见的有如下五种:

1.如果长句以一表示判断或小结的从句结尾, 可使用分译法. 例如:

这些国家的共产党和进步党派, 正促使它们的政府和我们做生意, 以至建立外交关系, 这是善意的, 这就是援助.

The Communist Parties and Progressive groups in these countries are urging their governments to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill. This is help.

2. 如果汉语句子较长, 其中有语气或话题的转折, 为了使英译文明确, 可进行分译. 例如: 蒋介石说, 中国过去没有内战, 只有剿匪; 不管叫什么吧, 总之要发动反人民的内战. Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any ―civil war‖ in China, only ―bandit suppression‖. Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people. 3. 如果汉语长句中含有反问句(或反诘句) 或感叹号, 英译时通常要分译. 例如:

(1)不和中国的人民民主专政的当局好好地打交道,却要干这些混帐工作, 而且公开地发表出来, 丢脸!丢脸.

Instead of dealing with the authorities of the Chinese people’s democratic dictatorship in the proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy work, and, what is more, they have openly published it. what a loss of face! What a loss of face!

(2) 蒋介石说要建国, 今后就是建什么国的斗争, 是建立一个无产阶级领导的人民大众的新民主主义国家呢, 还是建立一个大地主大资产阶级专政的半殖民地半封建的国家呢?

Chiang Kai-shek talks about ―building the country‖, from now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country. To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat? Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?

4. 如果汉语长句中含有从一般到具体或从具体到一般的过渡, 英译时应分译. 例如:

这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白, 务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚,谨慎,不骄,不躁的作风, 务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗的作风.

This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.

5. 如果汉语长句中含有几个平行的子句, 各讲一个方面的内容, 英译时最好分译 . 例如:

我军的现代化, 就是要有一支强大的陆军空军海军, 要有现代化的武器装备, 包括导弹和核武器, 要严格训练, 要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领, 熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术, 以及随之而来的新技术.

Our army’s modernization calls for powerful ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment, including guided missiles and nuclear weapons; it call for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat; it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed.

选修课英汉翻译7：分译法 (2008-11-30 22:46:28)

1. 翻译下列句子，注意划线单词的分译：

1). They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。（分译副词）

2). He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal. 他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，但还是白费了力气。（副词的分译）

3). No longer are the problems which they foresaw lodged safely in some distant future. 他们所预见到的问题，必须马上解决，否则今后就会出麻烦了。（副词的分译）

4). Jordan cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference. 约旦如拒绝接受阿拉伯外长会议的邀请，这在礼貌上也说不过去。（副词的分译）

5). She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她自夸她有高超的烹调技艺，这是情有可原的。（副词的分译）

6). Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 海罗德与众不同，他隐藏着自己的感情，边看边学。（分译单词）

7). The powerful P.L.A. is, an oddly unmilitary army. 强大的人民解放军是不拘军队礼仪的，这是罕见的。或：强大的人民解放军是世界上罕见的不拘军队礼仪的军队。（副词的分译） 8). With the fear of imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him. 由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但所谓的阴谋只不过是他的凭空想象罢了。（形容词的分译）

9). The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her：neither too fast nor too slow. 计算机能给玛丽上课，上得恰倒好处，既不太快也不太慢。（形容词的分译）

10). One problem in trying to discuss my reporting is its sheer volume. 我的报告篇幅特长，要对它进行讨论，这就成了一个问题。（名词的分译）

11). Let us admit, and regret, that he honestly believes it impossible to differ from him honestly. 我们不得不承认，他真的相信凡与他抱有不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子，这是很令人遗憾的事。（名词的分译）

12). At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 现在人们都倾向于采取一种不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为这样做安全而不招风险。（名词的分译）

13). American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters. 美国囚犯获得允许接受红十字会移送来的成包的食品，并且获得允许写信，但信是要经过检查的。（分词的分译）

14). He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 她昂首阔步地走了，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼。（分词的分译）

15). A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris. 他得了感冒，而且越来越厉害，便只好回巴黎去了，但对他的离去谁也没有感到遗憾。（分词的分译）

16). Mr. Brown is an old hand at business. He always succeeds. But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes are made, so that his factory breaks. 布朗先生是做生意的老手，他经常是成功的。但偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误而导致他的工厂的破产。（副词的分译）

2. 翻译下列句子，注意划线短语的分译：

1). The government forbade students to take part in the parade, a rather difficult task. 政府禁止学生参加游行，尽管要做到这一点是相当困难的。（名词短语的分译）

2). With the increase of production the living condition of the common people is becoming better and better. 随着生产的增加，普通人民的生活条件变得愈来愈好了。

3). Strange enough, they were the same to the day. 说来也真巧，他俩年纪一样大，而且还是同日生的。（副词和介词短语分译）

4). To compare two types of the social system in this country, we should know its past in detail. 要比较这个国家的两种社会制度，我们就得详细了解它的过去。（不定时短语的分译）

5). He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed. 他病得太厉害，不能行走只能呆在床上。（分译动词不定式和介词短语）

6). There are many kinds of atoms, differing in both mass and properties. 原子的种类很多，其质量与性质都不同。（现在分词短语分译为独立的句子）

7). Modest, unassuming, easy to approach, Premier Zhou soon put everyone there completely at ease. 周总理是那样谦虚，随和，平易近人，使大家很快无拘无束了。

8). For all its great size, the machine moves noiselessly. 尽管这台机器体积很大，运转起来却没有噪声。（介词短语的分译）

9). Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。（介词短语的分译）

10). He sat in the front row, with his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word. 他坐在前排，半张着嘴，伸长脖子惟恐听漏一字。

11). He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来看，时机正合适。（本例还出现了单词的分译，internationally 被分译为独立的句子） 12). Sympathizing with the peasant uprisings, he praised the peasant leaders. 因为他同情农民起义，所以他赞扬农民领袖。

13). Why did they want a new leader? Partly it was because they deeply felt that Mr. Heath, for all his many qualities, was a born loser. 他们为什么想换一换领袖？这其中部分是因为他们深切地感到，尽管希思先生有许多优良品质，他却是个天生的败将。

14). This is an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the Chair. 这是一次精心组织起来的会议，城市大厅济济一堂，主持会议的是Strong 先生。

15). A lot of naked animals who attach such great importance to staying alive that they claw their neighbors to death just for the privilege. 都是些赤裸裸的畜生，把生命看得那么重要，为了自己能活下去，可以把邻居活活弄死。（名词短语和介词短语的分译）

16). To be allowed to speak out is one of the democratic principles to be observed. 允许别人讲话，这是一个应该遵循的民主原则。

17). After that, his youthful indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think of a nonsports career caught up with him. 他年轻时对学业漫不经心，加之又一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业，此时这一切终于给他带来了不幸。（名词短语的分译）

18). He was at his height of his popularity and could doubtlessly have had another term for the asking. 他当时正得人心，毫无疑问，只要他说上一声，他本可以再任一届的。（本句还出现了单词doubtlessly 的分译）

19). He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. 他留下一封短信对我表示欢迎，那封信写得热情洋溢，一如其人。

20). He was six feet one inch tall, weighed 185 pounds and had incredible speed and power. 他高六英尺一英寸，体重185磅，速度奇快，力量大得惊人。（名词短语的分译）

21). I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我在头三年里写了四本书，以往还从未有过这样的记录。

22). Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能创造，也不能毁灭，这是一条公认的规律。

23). Sometimes, to his delight, he was allowed to take short trips outside the small town. 有时他还可以离开小镇到外面走一走，这使他感到很欣喜。

24). Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books. 富兰克林的整个一生都在受教育，他不仅从书本中学习，而且也从与人交往中学习。（分词短语的分译）

25). One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. 计算机可能有思想，这个猜想使我们不得不以新的眼光仔细考察思想这一主题。（名词的分译）

26). Science and technology modernized, industry and agriculture will develop rapidly. 如果科学技术现代化了，工农业就会迅速发展。（独立结构的分译）

27). This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the Chair. 这是一次精心组织起来的会议，城市大厅挤了一堂，斯特朗先生主持了这次会议。(独立结构的分译)

28). Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. 虽然他很少有欢乐，却始终不懈地探索人生的意义，而且从青少年时代起就对文学和哲学怀有较大的兴趣。（分译短语）

29). Discovered a mere one hundred fifty years ago and manufactured commercially just half that long, aluminum today ranks behind only iron and steel among metals serving mankind. 铝的发现仅150年，商业生产恰好是这个时间的一半。今天在为人类服务的金属中，铝的地位仅次于铁和钢。（短语的分译）

30). The lecture having begun, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker. 演讲已经开始，他离开座位时那么轻，因此谁也没有怪他干扰演讲。（短语分译）

3.将下列简单句分译成两个或两个以上的句子：

1). He built upon these natural gifts daily. 在天赋的基础上，他坚持训练，技艺与日俱增。 2). The six fields of activity outlined by the Chairman at the meeting for assisting future generations of children in the poor countries were entirely acceptable. 在那次旨在帮助贫困国家未来儿童的会议上，大会主席把他们进行的六个方面的活动都作了扼要说明，而这些活动都是完全可以接受的。

3). The earth’s revolution around the sun is known to all of us. 我们都知道，地球绕太阳运行。 4). The heaviest load on his mind, after his conversation with the slave trader, lay in the foreseen necessity of breaking to his wife the arrangement contemplated. 自从跟那个奴隶贩子谈过以后，他就预料到必需把原先谈妥了的事告诉妻子，而一想到这一点，他心里就苦恼极了。 5). In the teaching of mathematics, the way of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. 在数学教学中，一般采用传统方法：教师正规讲课，学生记笔记。

6). Lodge was in an ambiguous position in Saigon as a possible Republican presidential candidate representing a Democratic administration in a war that was an issue in the campaign. 洛奇在西贡的立场不十分明确，他可能成为共和党后选人，而他又代表民主党政府，该政府处于战争之中，而战争是竞选中的一个问题。

7). But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 而一旦该地区再次发生战争，显然国际关系会处于紧张状态。

8). They were forced to put forward an alternative of separate development for all races in this so–called homelands, with a promise of eventual independence for the Africans in these areas. 他们不得不变换一下花样，提出一个所谓的家园本土上分别发展各个民族，并且许愿在这些地区，非洲人最终会取得独立。

9). The broader question of how late it is in terms of military balance we cannot definitely answer. 更主要的问题是在军事力量的对比上落后了多长时间，对于这个问题，我们无法作出明确的答复。

10). Your refusal of such a good offer was very foolish. 这样一个好建议你竟然不采纳，真是遇蠢透了。

11). A man’s religion is the chief fact with regard to him. 看一个人，主要是看他的宗教信仰。 12). The substitution of films for slides results in a great improvement in English teaching. 用影片代替了幻灯，结果使英语教学得到了很大的提高。

13). The sharp divergence of opinion in the General Assembly makes it difficult to adopt a meaningful resolution. 联大的意见分歧很大，以后达成一个有意义的决议是很困难的。 14). At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval. 我工作稍有改进，他们就热情肯定。

15). Members of a family help one another, with particular care for the very young and the elderly. 家庭成员之间互相帮助，对幼童和老人特别照顾。

16). Its many and growing commercial opportunities gave the city a wide-spread fame. 这个城市的经商机会日益增多，名声也日益远扬。

17). I have read of people living serveral weeks on nothing but a glass of water a day. 我曾经从报纸上看到过有人一连几个星期只靠每天一杯水维持生命。

18). It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter. 鹿减少生存所需要的能耗，以增加越冬存活下来的机会，这一点从生物学角度来看是合情合理的。

19). The signal was shown about the computer’s being in order. 信号表明，计算机没有毛病。 20). Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with carbon content more than 2 per cent. 生铁是一种铁碳合金，其含碳量在百分之二以上。

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