B737飞机燃油系统的故障及维护 - 图文

摘要

燃油系统是飞机主要系统之一，其工作性能的好坏，直接影响着飞机的起飞和飞行的安全。燃油系统是用来为发动机和APU储存和提供燃油的,主要有储存、供油、分配、抽油和指示等几部分组成。飞机上用来存储和向发动机连续供给燃油的整套装置,又称外燃油系统或加油装置,以及在紧急时,将机身内的燃油排放于机外的燃油排放装置。另外,为使燃油箱内液面压力与外气压相等,所装设的燃油通气系统等各种系统及指示仪表装置组成。本文通过介绍B737飞机燃油系统，使机务人员能更加全面的了解飞机的这个胃，从而提高对B737系列飞机的燃油系统维护有更好的认识。

关键词:燃油系统、加油装置、燃油排放、燃油通气系统

Abstract

The fuel system is one of airplane main systems, its operating performance quality, immediate influence airplane's launching and flight security. The fuel system is uses for the engine and APU stores up and provides the fuel oil, mainly has the storage, feed, the assignment, the oil pumping and the instruction and so on several parts of compositions. On the airplane uses for to save and supplies the fuel oil continuously to the engine whole set installment, also outside the name the fuel system or refuels the installment, as well as when urgency, fuselage in fuel oil emissions in outside the aircraft's fuel oil emissions installment. Moreover, to cause in the fuel oil tank the liquid level pressure to be equal with the outside barometric pressure, installs fuel oil drainage system and so on each kind of system and indicating instrument equipment composition. This article through introduced that the B737 airplane fuel system, enables the crews more comprehensive understanding airplane's this stomach, thus enhances to the B737 series airplane's fuel system maintenance has a better understanding.

Key word: The fuel system, refuels the installment, the fuel oil emissions, the fuel oil drainage system

目 录

摘要.............................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 ABSTRACT ................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 1. B737飞机燃油系统概述 .......................................................................................... 6

1.1燃油系统的功用............................................................................................... 6 1.2 燃油系统的特点.............................................................................................. 6 1.3 燃油系统的组成.............................................................................................. 7 1.4燃油系统的形式............................................................................................... 8 1.5加油系统的目的............................................................................................... 8 2．供油.......................................................................................................................... 8

2.1燃油系统的供油方式....................................................................................... 8 2.2燃油系统的供油顺序....................................................................................... 9 2.3B737飞机燃油供油系统(双发动机) ............................................................. 10 3. 加油/抽油系统. ...................................................................................................... 12

3.1加油系统......................................................................................................... 12 3.2抽油及油箱内油液的传输............................................................................. 13 4. 放油/应急放油 ....................................................................................................... 14

4.1放油................................................................................................................. 14 4.1.1压力放油...................................................................................................... 15 4.1.2抽吸放油...................................................................................................... 15 4.1.3燃油转换...................................................................................................... 15 4.2应急放油......................................................................................................... 15 4.2.1飞机燃油应急放油系统的基本要求.......................................................... 15 4.2.3空中紧急放油.............................................................................................. 15 4.2.4空中紧急放油的方式.................................................................................. 15 5. 航空燃油................................................................................................................. 15

5.1航空汽油......................................................................................................... 15 5.2航空煤油......................................................................................................... 16 6. 燃油存储................................................................................................................. 16

6.1燃油箱接近口................................................................................................. 16

6.2油箱放泄活门................................................................................................. 17 6.3中央油箱回油系统......................................................................................... 18 7. B737飞机燃油系统的故障与案例分析................................................................ 19

7. 1 B737飞机燃油系统的故障分析 .................................................................. 19 7.1.1飞机燃油系统油箱渗漏标准.................................................................... 19 7.1.2渗漏的形式................................................................................................ 20 7.1.3燃油箱封严方式........................................................................................ 20 7.1.4内漏处理.................................................................................................... 20 7.1.5外漏处理.................................................................................................... 20 7.2案例................................................................................................................ 21 结论.............................................................................................................................. 22 致谢.............................................................................................................................. 23 参考文献...................................................................................................................... 24

1. B737飞机燃油系统概述

燃油系统包括存储燃油的燃油箱,由外部输送到燃油箱的燃油补给装置。在驾驶舱内的指示仪表装置,有指示油箱内燃油残量,以重量单位(磅或公斤)的油量表、指示供给各发动机燃油压力(每平方英尺/磅)的燃油压力表,警告燃油供给压力降低的警告灯,指示单位时间燃油供给流量(PPH,磅/时)的燃油流量表,以及计算燃油消耗量(磅或公斤)的燃油消耗流量表。此外还包括操作燃油供给装置油阀的开关等。在多发动机飞机上,原则上各发动机的燃油供给装置及指示仪表,是各自分开独立的。 1.1燃油系统的功用

燃油系统主要有如下功能:

1) 存储燃油;

2) 在规定的飞行条件下安全可靠地把燃油输送到发动机及APU; 3) 调整重心位置,保持飞机平衡和机翼结构受力； 4) 冷却其他附件,作为冷却源。

1.2燃油系统的特点

现代运输机燃油系统特点有以下几个方面。

1) 载油量大

为解决载油和空间的矛盾,多采用结构油箱,即将大翼及中央翼内部空间进行密封和防腐处理,用于装载燃油。（飞机结构燃油箱如图1-1）

图1-1 飞机结构燃油箱

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