2019年高考英语一轮精选练 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars试题 新人教版必修3

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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars

李仕才

一、阅读理解。

(2018·合肥市调研性检测)

The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as it’s harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.

According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behavior. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease.

According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.

According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California, San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.

Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.

When informed of these possible health benefits and harm of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的几种不同观点。

1．What is the people’s attitude towards the effects of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1?

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A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant.

C．Doubtful. D．Mixed.

D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，长期以来，饮用咖啡是否对健康有影响一直是有争议的、不确定的。一些人认为咖啡有害于健康，一些人则认为其有益于健康。D项意为“混合的，混杂的”，符合题意，故D项正确。

2．What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Personal. B．Slight.

C．Reasonable. D．Heavy.

C 解析：词义猜测题。根据该句中的“less than 4 cups”可知，饮用的咖啡不超过4杯；据此可以判断，该句是说，每天摄入适量的咖啡因对身体无害。据此可知，画线词意为“适度的”，故C项正确。

3．What can we infer about Harwood?

A．He’ll keep on drinking coffee.

B．He loves his high school life.

C．He often falls asleep in class.

D．He has some health problems.

A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”可知，Harwood认为，尽管喝咖啡可能会带来一些负面影响，但大多数情况下，喝咖啡对健康有好处；更不用说，他需要咖啡来保持清醒。据此可以推断，他将继续喝咖啡，故A项正确。

4．What would be the best title for the text?

A．Why People Love Coffee?

B．How Coffee Affects Health?

C．The Culture of Coffee Drinking

D．The New Findings of Heart Disease

B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的不同说法。有人认为适量饮用咖啡有益身体健康，有人却认为过量饮用咖啡会增加心脏病的发病率。据此可知，B项最适合作为本文的标题。

二、单句语法填空

1．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ， hoping to make his parents less worried.

答案：up

2．Her (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.

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答案：puzzled

3．The passengers were warned to watch out thieves.

答案：for

4．New technologies have made it possible (turn) out new products faster and

at a lower cost.

答案：to turn

5．As we know, getting angry not only does harm one’s health but also has

a bad effect the relationship between people.

答案：to; on

6．(2018·长春质检)Some believe in the (exist) of life on Mars, while others consider it as a myth.

答案：existence

7．Last night, Mrs. Green had a heart attack. But luckily, the doctor came in time (save) her life.

答案：to save

8．Now you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

答案：that

9．I suppose by the time I come back in ten years’ time all these old houses will (pull) down.

答案：have been pulled

10．She strongly objected to my mother’s marriage. Surprisingly, my mother’s (react) to it was rather calm.

答案：reaction

三、完形填空

(2018·甘肃重点中学协作体高三第一次联考)From an early age, Parker always said

that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter how much he studied

and took tests, he was never 1 to fly in space. 2 ， he grew over the maximum age

for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill

his 3 ．

Thinking about all the time and 4 Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut,

people felt 5 for him. Despite what he was told about having to 6 his ambition,

Parker continued training and studying， 7 he was going to have the tests the next month.

He 8 as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were

doing some very important 9 experiments. For those experiments they needed a very

10 astronaut. Parker, who walked with a 11 ， was the only old man in the whole

world who was 12 to fly in a rocket. Therefore, Parker found himself flying in 13 ，

all with the help of science. It was clear that the 14 gained during those missions

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helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was 15 as a hero.

Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth 16 all over the world, and became a 17 of how you can never train or learn too much. It showed that 18 effort always brings 19 even though it may not be in the form we had first 20 ．【解题导语】Parker从小立志做一名宇航员，却一直未实现自己的梦想。但他从未

放弃希望，一如既往地进行飞行训练。终于在年老时实现了自己的愿望。

1．A.noticed B．selected

C．invited D．permitted

B 解析：根据下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此处指他从来没有被选(selected)去太空飞行。

2．A.Secretly B．Suddenly

C．Luckily D．Finally

D 解析：最后，Parker已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄。finally “最终，终于”。

3．A.dream B．task

C．need D．belief

A 解析：文章开头谈及Parker的梦想，因为他已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄，所以他永远也无法实现他的梦想(dream)。

4．A.reputation B．power

C．effort D．practice

C 解析：根据第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多时间和努力(effort)。人们一想到Parker为成为宇航员所付出的时间和努力就为他感到遗憾(sorry)。

5．A.happy B．sorry

C．nervous D．calm

B 解析：参见上题解析。

6．A.ignore B．forget

C．develop D．abandon

D 解析：尽管有人告诉Parker，他不得不放弃(abandon) 他的目标，但他还是继续训练和学习，好像(as if)下个月他要参加测试似的。

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7．A.so that B．now that

C．as if D．even though

C 解析：参见上题解析。

8．A.carried on B．took on

C．turned off D．got off

A 解析：Parker继续(学习和训练)。carry on“继续做，坚持干”，符合语境。

9．A.electrical B．physical

C．medical D．political

C 解析：根据下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old pe ople”可知，Parker得知他们在太空做医学实验。medical“医疗的”，符合语境。electrical“用电的”；physical“物理学的”；political“政治的”。

10．A.sick B．experienced

C．active D．old

D 解析：根据语境可知，他们需要一位年纪大的(old) 宇航员。

11．A.map B．stick

C．guide D．candle

B 解析：根据下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，当时Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。

12．A.planned B．trained

C．forced D．allowed

B 解析：根据上文内容可知，Parker参加训练就是为了能够在太空飞行。故B项符合语境。

13．A.silence B．danger

C．action D．space

D 解析：根据语境可知，此处指Parker参加实验后，发现自己在太空(space)飞行。

14．A.knowledge B．experience

C．money D．opportunity

A 解析：在那些任务中所获得的知识(knowledge)有助于治愈老人们最严重的疾病之一。

15．A.replaced B．educated

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6 6 C．praised D．affected

C 解析：Parker被人们称赞(praised)为一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教

育”；affect“影响”。

16．A.moved B．flew

C．spread D．took

C 解析：这位拄着拐杖且没有牙齿的宇航员的照片在全世界传播(spread) 开来。

17．A.symbol B．mark

C．case D．doubt

A 解析：Parker的照片成了一种象征(symbol)——你再怎么多得去学习和训练都不为

过。

18．A.desperate B．persistent

C．cautious D．apparent

B 解析：这表明坚持不懈的(persistent) 努力总会带来回报(reward)。

desperate“绝望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“显而易见的”。

19．A.award B．prize

C．result D．reward

D 解析：参见上题解析。

20．A.expected B．guessed

C．suggested D．proved

A 解析：坚持不懈的努力总会带来回报，尽管它不是我们最初所期待(expected)的那

种形式。

四、单句改错

1．That guy was a dangerous person. You should watch out at him.

答案：at→for

2．There exist a generation gap between the young and the old.

答案：exist→exists

3．More importantly, I found it was my turn start looking after my father. 答案：在start前加to

4．The newly broadened square is three times large than the previous one.

答案：large→larger

5．Tired as I was, in fact, I was prevented sleeping by the pain in my knee. 答案：sleeping前加from

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五、单元语法——主语从句

1．(2018·江苏苏州期中)How strange is that the students are so quiet in the classroom!

答案：it

2．It is not immediately clear the housing price will go down in 2020. 答案：whether

3．(2018·山东济南一中月考)In my opinion, matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals.

答案：what

4．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.

答案：when

5．(2018·江苏盐城检测)—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals. —It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

答案：that

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