非谓语动词专题讲义

非谓语动词

【非谓语动词】

构成：（to）+动词原形 动词不定式

非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分） 谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词

动 用法（主、宾、表、定） 词

构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化） 分词

用法（表、补、定、状）

（一） 动词不定式 一、动词不定时的构成

不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。

二、动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 说明 而把不定式放在后面。 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 语。 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 一致。 1. 不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment.

注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。

2. 不定式作宾语

①?? 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？

②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式

Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do...

I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3. 不定式作宾语补足语

不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。

tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词

有：

一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：

My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4. 不定式作定语

①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing(名词) to worry（不及物动词） about（适当的介词）. 没有什么可担心的。 5.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。 （二）动名词

一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能 功能 主语 宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语 例句 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的健康有害。 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 经常性的动作。 说明 谓语动词用单数形式。 表语 定语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。

完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）

喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）

（三）分词

现在分词 V—ing

过去分词 V—ed（规则） Part one 基础检测题

1 I would like you_____ for a picnic with us.

A. go B. to go C. going D. went

2 The teachers often tell their pupils ___ across the road when the traffic light is red. A. not go B. not to go C. do not go D. did not go 3 Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ____-.

A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry

4 Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Canada. It can encourage post-90s(90后).

A. work harder B. worked harder C. working harder D. to work harder 5 Jane is getting fatter, so her father advise her __ more exercise.

A. to take B. not to take C. how to take D. why to take 6 ---We do not have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together? ----OK. What about ____a movie?

A. to see B. seeing C. see D. sees 7 James, I am too tired. Let us stop ____a rest.

A. having B. have C. to having D. to have 8 While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish ___ out of the water. A. jumped B. to jump C. jumping D. are jumping 9 ---Can I help you, dear?

-----Yeah, I do not know___ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me. A. what to do B. when to do C. how to do D. why to do 10 We think it is difficult ___ them ___ the charity walk without team spirit. A. for; to finish B. of; to finish C. for; finishing D. of; finishing 11 ----What did she forget when she left for home? -----_______ the book.

A. Taking B. Took C. Take D. To take 12 --- Tony, I have trouble ____ the test. ---- Remember___ it three times at least.

A. to understand; reading B. understanding; reading C. understanding; to read D. to understand; to read 13 ---- How would your family to travel?

---- It is a problem in my family. Mother prefer to take a bus to travel, while father always sticks _____ to travel.

A. to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive 14 --- Would you like to have some fruit?

--------No, thanks. I do not feel like ____ anything now.

A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. ate 15 ---- Mary dances best in our school.

-------I agree. I will never forget ____ her dance for the first time.

A. seeing B. to see C. see D. seen 16 Richard turned off the computer after he had finished___ the email.

A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote 17 Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us ___ the public rules. A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed

18 Just before the Chinese class, I suddenly realized that I forget___ my Chinese text book.

A. bring B. bringing C. and bring D. to bring 19 Mother told her son ___ in the street.

A. not play B. not playing C. not to play

20 Tom, your hair is too long, and you should have it ___ this weekend. A. cutted B. cut C. to cut D. cutting 21 --- How about going shopping this weekend, peter? -----Sorry. I prefer ___ rather than ____.

A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home C. staying at home; go out D. going out; stay at home 22 --- Where is your brother now, Bob?

---- I saw him___ in the street a moment ago and I told him___. A. playing; do not do so B. playing; not to do so C. play; to do so

23 The teacher __ them__ in that pond.

A. asked; to swim B. encouraged; to swim C. stopped; from swimming

24 As teenagers, we are old enough__ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. helped

25 ____ English well, he practices speaking English every day. A. Learn B. learning C. To learn

答案

Part one

1 B would like to do 想要做某事，固定搭配。

2 B tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事。

3 B make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。Stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事。 Stop doing sth. 停止做某事。

4 D encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。

5 A advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事。

6 B what about……? “……..怎么样？”， 表示提供建议或征求对方意见，巨型中动词要用动名词形式。 还可以说”How about…..?” 7 D stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事。

8 C see 后边接动词原形，指事情的全过程，仅仅说明发生了这件事情；后边接动词的现在分词时，强调动作正在进行。While 连接两个正在进行的动作。 9 C make a banana milk shake 做香蕉奶昔

10 A It 是形式主语 固定用法 “it is + adj.+ for sb. + to do sth.” 11 D forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事。

12 C have trouble doing sth. 做某事很困难。 Remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事 还没做

13 B Stick to 意为“坚持”看法 意见等。 其中to是介词，后边加名词、动名词或代词。

14 B fell like 意为“想要”，其后加名词、代词或V-ing形式作宾语。 15 A forget doing sth。 忘记曾经做过某事。 16 C finish doing sth。完成某事。

17 B tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 18 D forget to do sth.忘记做某事。

19 C tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 20 B have sth. done 使。。。被做

21 A prefer to do A rather than do B 意为 宁愿做A也不做B

22 B see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事。 Tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事。

23 C ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

Encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 Stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 24 A enough to do sth. 足够。。。。去做某事 25 C 考查不定式作目的状语。

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