2022高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析(三十三)

2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（三十三）

2020北京卷（D篇）

Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some A I developers are now eager to change.

Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “ful l” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence（A GI）. In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of A GI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”.“If we're successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”

Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual（智力的）activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine" could be “the last invention that man need ever make."

Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced（强化）by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression （敌对行为）. Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.

The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having

spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever:

词块梳理

1：indeed

英[?n?di?d] 美[?n?di?d]

adv. 确实；实际上；究竟

双语例句

1.This is indeed a serious matter.

兹事体大.

2.Indeed it isn't, true he has made it up.

确实不是这样,他是在无中生有.

3.There are many good deeds in our class, indeed in the wholeschool.

我们班上好事很多, 甚至全校都是这样.

2：ubiquitous

英[ju??b?kw?t?s] 美[ju??b?kw?t?s]

adj. 无所不在的；普遍存在的

变形

副词：ubiquitously

名词：ubiquity

双语例句

1.The ubiquitous orange and white GSR & L vehicles were assembled on the road outside.

橙白二色的金州公司车辆都停在外面的路上.

2.Gestures are a natural and ubiquitous way to convey meaning in communication.

中文摘要手势是自然且常见的表达方式.

3.Test suites that are understandable only by their owners are ubiquitous.

测试套件只有它们的作者才能理解是常见情况.

3：financial

英[fa??n?n?l] 美[fa??n?n?l]

adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的；有钱的

变形

副词：financially

双语例句

1.We freed him from his financial obligations.

我们使他摆脱了经济上的责任.

2.The treasurer was arrested for trying to manipulate the company's financial records.

财务主管由于试图窜改公司财政帐目而被拘留.

3.In running a company, strict financial management means everything.

经营一家公司, 严格的财务管理是至关重要的.

4：perceptive

英[p??sept?v] 美[p?r?sept?v]

adj. 有知觉力的；感知的；有理解力的

变形

副词：perceptively

名词：perceptiveness

双语例句

1.This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.

这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价.

2.Yet Wang is polite and perceptive, knowing his surroundings and how to react to praise.

王建民是斯文有礼和感性的, 他了解他的周围的情况也知道如何应对赞美.

3.Be responsible for verification for manufacturing engineering process and layout from EHS perceptive.

负责查证和解决制造业的工艺流程和布局中可能涉及到的安全、健康及环保问题.

5：specific

英[sp??s?f?k] 美[sp??s?f?k]

adj. 明确的；独特的

变形

比较级：more specific

最高级：most specific:

双语例句

1.We should make a concrete analysis of each specific question.

对于每个具体问题要进行具体分析.

2.What's the specific time of his arrival?

他确切的到达时间是几点钟?

3.Will you be specific?

请讲清楚些,好吗?

6：eager

英[?i?ɡ?(r)] 美[?i?ɡ?r]

adj. 热切的；盼望的

变形

副词：eagerly

名词：eagerness:

双语例句

1.He was eager to match his knowledge against mine.

他很想和我比比,看谁的知识更丰富.

2.The eager children mobbed the candy man the moment he appeared.

卖糖果的人刚出现,急切的孩子们便把他包围了.

3.He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week's absence from school.

他一个多星期没有到学校,回校之心甚切.

7：pioneers

英[?pa???n??s] 美[ ,pa??'n?r]

n. 拓荒者( pioneer的名词复数)；开发者；先驱者；创始者:

双语例句

1.The Leicester Swannington Railway is numbered among Britain's railway pioneers.

莱斯特—斯旺宁顿铁路被看作是英国最早的铁路之一。

2.Pioneers from the East settled in this region in 1875.

1875年,来自东部的拓荒者在这个地区定居下来.

3.A group of young pioneers always accompany the disabled girl to the school.

一群少先队员常常送那位残疾女孩上学.

8：narrow

英[?n?r??] 美[?n?ro?]

adj. 狭窄的；狭隘的；险胜的；勉强的；有限的；狭义的

v. 变狭窄；缩小

变形

过去分词：narrowed

比较级：narrower

最高级：narrowest

现在分词：narrowing

名词：narrowness

过去式：narrowed

第三人称单数：narrows:

双语例句

1.Narrow corridors lead off from the main hallway.

狭长的通道从主廊延展开来.

2.The only light came through a narrow aperture.

仅有的光亮来自一个小孔.

3.The stream bifurcates into two narrow winding channels.

那条小溪分成两股窄而弯曲的支流.

9：artificial

英[?ɑ?t??f??l] 美[?ɑ?rt??f??l]

adj. 人造的；不自然的；假的；虚伪的；不真实的；添加非天然成分的

变形

副词：artificially

名词：artificiality

双语例句

1.They tried artificial respiration but it was of no avail.

他们试做人工呼吸,可是无效.

2.An artificial language has no vitality.

人为的语言缺乏生命力.

3.Does artificial silk crease more easily than natural silk?

人造丝比天然丝更易起皱吗?

10：available

英[??ve?l?bl] 美[??ve?l?bl]

adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的

变形

名词：availability:

双语例句

1.All the evidence of the crime is available.

罪证俱在.

2.This book is not available here.

这里没有这本书.

3.These tickets are available for one month.

这些票有效期一个月.

11：solutions

英[s?'lu:?nz] 美[s?'lu?nz]

n. (solution的复数形式)解答；解决（办法）；解释；[数]解法，解式；解决( solution的名词复数)；溶解；溶液；答案

双语例句

1.Neat solutions are not easily found to these issues.

很难找到解决这些问题的巧妙办法。

2.To keep their bees from wandering, beekeepers feed them sugar solutions.

为了防止蜜蜂迷路，养蜂人给它们喝糖水。

3.We need long-term solutions, not short-term Band-Aid ones.

我们需要长期的解决办法，而不是一时的权宜之计。

12：ambition

英[?m?b??n] 美[?m?b??n]

n. 追求，理想；雄心，野心

变形

复数：ambitions

双语例句

1.Ambition often overleaps itself.

野心往往自招失败.

2.They had the ambition to dominate this small country.

他们有控制这个小国的野心.

3.Have grandiose aims but puny abilities, great ambition but little talent.

眼高手低, 志大才疏.

13：advance

英[?d?vɑ?ns] 美[?d?v?ns]

v. （为了进攻、威胁等）前进；（知识、技术等）发展，进步；预支；提前；促进，推动；提出（理论等）；（价格等）上涨

n. 前进；进步，进展；预付款；追求；（价格等）上涨，提高

adj. 先行的；预先的

变形

过去分词：advanced

现在分词：advancing

过去式：advanced

复数：advances

第三人称单数：advances:

双语例句

1.All bookings will be made 3 days in advance.

所有的票将在3天前预售.

2.The contingent quickened its advance.

队伍加速前进.

3.This can become a driving force for social advance.

这能成为促使社会前进的动力.

14：eventual

英[??vent?u?l] 美[??vent?u?l]

adj. 最后的，最终的:

双语例句

1.Their eventual shape and size is determined by heredity.

乳房的最后形状和大小取决于遗传因素.

2.Rapid economic growth may lead to an overextension of resources and lead an eventual catastrophelloc meltdown.

经济迅速增长有可能导致过度使用资源,并引起最终伟大的灾祸.

3.America's eventual supremacy has been predicated incessantly.

他们一再预言,美国终将称雄于世.

15：appearance

英[??p??r?ns] 美[??p?r?ns]

n. 外表；（突然）到来，出现；问世；露面，演出，出庭；表现

变形

复数：appearances:

双语例句

1.They are similar in appearance.

他们在外貌上相似.

2.She was very tense, but she preserved an appearance of nonchalance.

她内心很紧张, 可外表却装着满不在乎的样子.

3.Process for their appearance has been duly issued.

要他们出庭的传票已及时发出.

16：foremost

英[?f??m??st] 美[?f??rmo?st]

adj. 第一流的，最重要的；最初的，最前面的

adv. 首先；居于首位地:

双语例句

1.She ranks foremost among the country's leading conductors.

她在国内第一流指挥家中名列榜首.

2.How does America's foremost literary lion solve a problem like Adolf?

这位美国最为显赫的文学名人是如何处理希特勒这个人物的呢?

3.He was first and foremost a hired killer.

他首先是一个职业杀手.

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