Y132-M4异步电动机设计及磁路计算

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第三章:三相异步电动机设计

已 知:发电机输出功率:PN=6.1KW,效率为90.9%,

电动机输出功率:PN=6.1/87%=7.01KW

根据已经设计的发电机,可选择Y132M-4作为它的原动机拖动发电。 Y132-M4异步电动机设计及磁路计算 已知数据:

输出功率 p1?7.5kw 额定电压 U1?380V 相数 m?3 频率 f?50HZ 极数 p?2 B级绝缘,连续运行

(一)额定数据和主要尺寸:

1. 额定功率:Pn?7.5KW

2. 额定电压:UN?UN??380V (?接) 3. 功电流:IkWPN7.5?103??A?6.58A mUN?3?3804. 效率:?'?0.87 5. 功率因素:cos?'?0.85 6. 极对数:p?2 7. 定转子槽数

每相每极槽数取整数q1?3 则Z1?2mpq1?2?3?2?3?36

Z2?32并采用斜肩平底槽 8. 定转子每极槽数 ZZ1p1?2p?364?9 ZZ2p2?2p?324?8 9.确定电机电机主要尺寸 主要尺寸来确定Dil和lef

K'E?0.0108lnPN?0.013p?0.931?0.0108ln7.5?0.013?2?0.931 ?0.927计算功率

P'?K'PNE?'cos?'?0.927?7.5?1030.87?0.85 ?9.4KW 初选a''p?0.68,KNm1.095,K''dp1?0.96可取A?256A0m0,B''??0.67T,假定n?1440rmin。

V?6.11p'a''K'?''?'pKNmdp1AB?n6.119.4?103 ?0.68?1.095?0.96?25600?0.67?1440 ?0.00324m3取??1.5

则D'32pil??V?341.5???0.00324m?0.141m 按定子内外径比求出定子冲片外径

取 D1'?Di?10.141??0.2203m Di1/D0.64 取D1?0.22m

Di1?D1?(Di1D)?0.22/0.64?0.141m 铁心的有效长度:lef? 取铁心长li?0.160m 10.气隙的确定

V0.00324??0.163m 2Di20.1411??0.3(0.4?7Di1li)?10?3 ?0.3?(0.4?70.141?0.160)?10?3m

?0.4?10?3m于是铁心有效长度lef?li?2??(0.160?2?0.0004)m?0.161m 转子外径D2?Di1?2??(0.141?2?0.0004)m?0.140m 转子内径先按转轴直径:Di2?0.048m 11.极距 ???Di12p???0.1414???0.111m

?0.0123m ?0.0161m

12.定子齿距 t1? 转子齿距 t2??Di1Z1??0.14136?D2Z2??0.1403213.定子绕组采用单层绕组,交叉式,节距1-9,2-10,11-12

14.为了削弱齿谐波磁场的影响,转子采用斜槽,一般斜一个定子齿距t1,于

是转子斜槽宽bsk?0.0130m 15.设计定子绕组

并联支路a1?1.每槽导体数Ns1?32

16.每相串联匝数 N?1? 每相串联匝数 N1?17.绕组线规设计

Ns1Z132?36??384 m1a13?1N?1384??192 22 初选定子电密J1'?4.0Amm2,计算导线并绕根数和每根导线截面积的乘积。

I1'8.90 Ni1A???2.22mm2 'a1J11?4.0'c1 其中定子电流初步估计值 I1'?IKW6.58??8.90A ''0.87?0.85?cos? 选用截面积相近的铜线:高强度漆包线,并绕根数Ni1?2,线径

62,d1?1.18mm,绝缘后直径d?1.25mm,截面积Ac'1?1.093mmNi1Ac'1?2.1872mm2

18. 设计定子槽形

bi1min?

?[Di1?2(h01?hs11)]Z136?b1?6.7?10?3

??[0.140?2?(0.8?0.924)?10?3]?5.9?10?3mbi1min?[Di1?2(h01?h22)]π?2r1Z1π[0.141?2?(0.8?14.5)?10?3]??2?4.4?10?3

36?6.17?10?3m取bi1?6.04?10?3m 19. 槽在面积

2r1?bs1'?r12As?(hs2?h)?222?4.4?6.7??4.42??(14.5?0.5)? 按槽绝缘采用DMDM复合绝缘,

22?138.9?10?6m?2?i?0.3mm,槽楔为h?0.5mm,复合板,槽绝缘占面积。

Ai??i(2h12??ri) ?0.0003?(2?0.0145???0.0044) ?12.8?10?6m2Ni1Ns1d22?32?1.252槽满率 Sf???79.4%

Aef126.120. 绕组系数 Kp1?1

qa3?20?sinsin2?2??0.9598 a20?qsin3sin22 Kd12?2?360? 其中a?p??20?

Z136 Kdp1?Kd1Kp1?1?0.9598?0.9598 每相有效串联导体数

N?1?Kdp1?384?0.9598?368 21.设计转子槽形与转子绕组 预计转子导条电流: I?kI'2'113N?1kdp1Z2?0.90?8.90?3?368A?245.64A 36 其中k1?0.90由资料查出。

初步取转子导条电密Jb'?3.5Amm2,

*Xms?XmsIkW146.46?6.58??2.536 UN?380(三)参数计算

46. 线圈平均半匝长 单层线圈

lc?lB?Kc?y=0.195+1.2×0.09929=0.314m

lB?lt?2d1=0.165+2×0.015=0.195m

τ

y

=?[Di1?2(h0?h11)?h21?r21]?/2p

=π[0.141+2(0.8+0.924)+(14.5-0.924)×10-3+4.4×10-3]?/2×2 =99.29×10-3m

节距比 2/3≤?≤1,取?=0.8

其中d1是线圈直线部分伸出铁心的长度,取10~30mm。

kc是经验系数取1.2 47.单层线圈端部平均长

lE?2d1?Kc?y?2×0.015+1.2×0.0993=0.150m

48.漏抗系数

Cx =4?f?0(N1Kdp1)2lefPN/m1pUN?2

= 4×?×50×0.4?×10-7(0.9598×192)2×0.163×7.5×10-3/3×2×3802 =0.03787

49.定子槽比漏磁导

?s1?Ku1?u1?KL1?L1

=1×0.410+1×0.830 =1.24

?u1?=

h012h11? b01(b01?b11)0.82?0.924 ?3.53.5?6.7=0.410

?L1 = 0.830 因

h21(14.5?0.924)?=1.543 2r212?4.4b116.7?=0.76 2r212?4.4其中Ku1=KL1=1 50.定子槽漏抗

X*s12m1plt?1?s1CX?2Z1Kdp1lef

=

2?3?2?0.160?1.24?CX 236?0.9598?0.163=0.440 Cx

51.定子谐波漏抗

X?1?*m1??SCX??efKdp1Ks22

=

3?0.111?0.009CX 2?32??0.41?10?0.9598?1.368=0.5877Cx

其中?S=0.009

52.定子端部漏抗

单层交叉式绕组的端部漏抗与分组的单层同心式绕组相近 则:

X*E1?0.47(lE?0.64?y)CXKdp1lef2

=

0.47(0.150?0.64?0.0993)CX0.163?0.95982

=0.270Cx

53.定子漏抗 X?1?Xs1?X?1?XE1***

=(0.440+0.5877+0.27)Cx =1.2977Cx =0.0491

54.转子槽比漏磁导

?s2??u2??L2?0.5?1.73?2.23

?u2?h020.5??0.5 b0212h12

(b02?b12)??L?L2?=

2?1.30=1.73

(1?5.5)?1.330h/b2=7.6, b1/b2=1.83 查表得λL=1.330 55.转子槽漏抗 Xs2*2m1plt?2?s1CX?Z2lef=

2?3?0.160?2.23CX

32?0.163=0.821Cx

56.转子谐波漏抗

X?2?*m1??RCX?2?efKs

=

3?0.111?0.0150CX

?2?0.41?10?3=0.9023 Cx

查表得?R=0.015 57.转子端部漏抗

XE2?0.757(=

*l条?lt21.13?DRCX*

XE2 )2plef0.757?0.132CX

0.163?4=0.150 Cx

58.转子斜槽漏抗

*b Xsk?0.5(skt2)2X?2*

=0.5(0.013=0.29Cx

)2?0.9023CX0.0161

59.转子漏抗

X?2?Xs2?X?2?XE2?Xsk*****

=(0.821+0.9023+0.15+0.29)Cx =2.1633 Cx =0.0819

60.总漏抗

X??X?1?X?2=0.131

***

61.定子直流电阻 R1=

?2N1lc

Nt1Ac1?10.0217?10?6?2?192?0.314= ?62?1.0936?10?1=1.196?

62.定子相电阻标幺值

R1*= =

R1IkwUN?

1.196?6.58

380=0.0207 63.有效材料

定子导线重量

?1?? GW?ClCNs1Z1Nt1Ac=1.05×0.314×32×36×1.0936×10×8.9×10=7.393 kg

-63

式中C为考虑导线绝缘和引线重量的系数,漆包圆铜线取1.05

??为导线密度 硅钢片重量

? GFe =Kfelt(Dl??)2?Fe=0.95×0.163×(0.22+0.005)2×7.8×10-3 =61.897 kg 式中?为冲剪余量,取5×10-3m 64.转子电阻

导条电阻折算值

RB=

?KBLB4m1(N1Kdp1)2ABZ2

0.0434?10?6?1.04?0.195?4?3?(192?0.9598)2= ?696.45?10?32=1.162?

式中KB是叠片不整齐造成导条电阻增加的系数 端环电阻折算值

?DRZ2m1(N1Kdp1)2RR=

2?p2ARZ2′

0.0434?10?6?32?0.132?4?3?(192?0.9598)2= ?62?3.14?4?250?10?32=0.03716? 导条电阻标幺值

?RBIkw1.16?6.58RB= ==0.02012

UN?380*

端环电阻标幺值

RR*=

?IKW0.3716?6.58RR==0.00643

380UN?转子电阻标么值 R2* =RB* +RR*=0.02655

(四) 工作性能计算

65. 满载时定子电流有功分量标么值

I1p*=1???10.89?1.1236 66. 满载时转子电流无功分量标么值

Ix*=?1X?* I1p*2[1+(?1X?* I1p*)2]

=1.0216×0.13944×(1.1236)2×[1+(1.0216×0.1394×1.1236)2] =0.181

?1 =1+

X?1Xms* =1?0.0491=1.0216

2.53667.满载时定子电流无功分量标么值

I1Q* =Im*+ Ix*=0.469+0.143=0.65

68 满载电势标么值

KE=1-?L

=1-(I1pR1 + I1Q X?1)

=1-(1.1236×0.0207+0.65×0.0491) =0.942 与22项初设值KE相符 69. 空载时电势标么值

1-?0=1-Im* X?1*=1-0.309×0.0419 =0.976

70. 空载时定子齿磁密 Bt10=(1??0)Bt1=(0.976)?1.58=1.637T

0.9421??L****

71. 空载时转子齿磁密

Bt20=(1??00.976)Bt2?()?1.60=1.658T 1??L0.94272 空载时定子轭磁密

Bj10=(1??00.976)Bj1?()?1.45=1.502T 1??L0.94273. 空载时转子轭磁密

Bj20=(1??00.976)Bj2?()?1.242=1.287T 1??L0.94274. 空载时气隙磁密

1??00.976B?0=()B??()?0.722=0.748T

1??L0.94275. 空载时定子齿部磁压降

Ft10 =Ht10Lt1=46.8×102×15.97×10-3=74.74A 76. 空载时转子齿部磁压降

Ft20=Ht20Lt2=53.4×102×23×10-3=122.82A

77. 空载时定子轭部磁压降

Fj10=Cj1Hj10Lj1=0.40 ×20.1×102×78.81×10-3=63.36A

78. 空载时转子轭部磁压降

Fj20=Cj2Hj20Lj2=0.43 ×8.90×102×27.69×10-3=10.597A

79. 空气隙磁压降

F?0?K??B?0?01.025?0.748?0.4?10?3=244.05A ?0.4??10?680. 空载总磁压降

F00?Ft10?Ft20?Fj10?Fj20?F?0

=74.74+122.82+63.36+10.597+244.05 =504.97A

81. 空载磁化电流

Im0?=

2pF00

0.9?m1N1Kdp12?2?504.97

0.9?3?192?0.9598=4.06A

(四)工作性能计算

82. 定子电流标么值

*I1=(I*21p?I*21Q)=(1.12362?0.652)=1.249

定子电流实际值

I1?I1Ikw?1.249×6.58=8.51A

83. 定子电流密度 J1=

I18.51??3.89Amm2 ?11?1.0936a1Nt1Ac*84. 线负荷

A1=

m1N?1I1?Di1?3?320?8.51?22132Am

3.14?0.14185. 转子电流标么值

I2* =(I*21p?I*2X)

= (1.12362?0.18432) =1.139 转子电流实际值

I2 =I2Ikw*m1N?1Kdp1Z2

=1.139?6.58?=258.96A

3?384?0.9598

32 端环电流实际值

IR=

I2Z2258.96?32??659.4A 2?p2?3.14?286. 转子电流密度

导条电密

JB?I2258.96??2.685Amm2 AB96.45端环电密

JR?IR659.4??2.64Amm2 AR25087. 定子电气损耗

**2*2

Pcu1?I1R1=1.294×0.0207=0.0347

Pcu1?Pcu1PN?0.0347×7.5×103=260.25W 88. 转子电气损耗

2

PAl2?I2R2=1.139×0.02655=0.0344

***2* PAl2 = PAl2* PN=0.0344×7.5×103=258W 89. 附加损耗

铜条转子 Ps*=0.02

Ps= Ps PN=0.02×7.5×10=150W 90. 机械损耗

二级封闭自扇冷式

*3

Pf w = (3/p)2(D1)4×104= (3/2)2×(0.22)4×104=52.7W 机械损耗标么值

Pfw*= Pf w/ PN=52.7/7.5×103=0.00703 91. 定子铁耗 (1) 定子轭重量

-3-33

Gt=4pAt1Lt1?Fe?=4×2×2.934×10×78.81×10×7.8×10=14.43㎏

(2) 定子齿重量

?=4×2×8.26×10-3×15.97×10-3×7.8×103=4.116㎏ Gj=2pAj1Lj1′?Fe(3) 损耗系数

Phet =6.8 Phej=5.1 (4) 定子齿损耗

PFet= K1 Phet Gt=2×5.10×14.43=147.2W (5) 定子轭损耗

PFej= K2Phej Gj =2.5×6.80×4.116=69.97W (6) 定子铁耗 PFe= PFet+ PFej=147.2+69.97=217.17W 对于半闭口槽按经验取

K1=2 K2=2.5 铁耗标么值

PFe*= PFe/ PN=217.17/7.5×103=0.029 92. 总损耗标么值

Σp*= Pcu1* +PAl2* +Pfw* +Ps* +PFe*

=0.0347+0.0344+0.02+0.00703+0.029

=0.1251 93. 输出功率

PN1*=1+Σp*=1+0.1251=1.1251 94. 效率

?=1-Σp*/ PN1*=1-0.1251/1.1251=0.869%

(87%-86.9%)/87%=0.115%<0.5% 95. 功率因数

cos?=I1p/I1=1.1249/1.294=0.87 96. 转差率

**SN=

PAl*****1?PAl2?Ps?PFer?Pfw =

0.0344

1?0.0344?0.02?0.0154?0.007 =0.0319

PFer*=PFetr?PFeirPN =

(1?0.5)?147.2?(1?0.4)?69.97

7.5?103=0.0154

97. 转速

nN=(60f/p)(1-SN) =60×50/2×(1-0.0319) =1452r/min 98. 最大转矩倍数

Tm*=

1?SN2(R?(R*1*21?X?))*2

=

1?0.03192?(0.0207?(0.0207?0.131))22

=2.74

(五)起动性能计算

99. 起动电流假设值

Ist′=(2.5~3.5) Tm*Ikw=3×3.157×6.58=59.1A 100. 起动时定转子槽磁势平均值

Fst= Ist′(Ns1/a1)0.707[Ku1+Kd12Kp1(Z1/Z2)](1??0)

=59.1×32×0.707×[1+0.95982×1×(36/32)]×0.976

=2836.5A

101空气隙中漏磁场的虚拟磁密

BL=μ0 Fst/2??C

=0.4π×10-6×2836.5/2×0.4×10-3×0.9367 =4.757T ?C=0.64+2.5

?t1?t2

=0.64+2.5=0.9367

0.4

12.3?16.1 由BL查得漏抗饱和系数Kz=0.44

102齿顶漏磁饱和引起的定子齿顶宽度的减少

CS1=(t1-b01)(1-Kz) =(12.3-3.5)×(1-0.44) =4.93×10-3m

103.齿顶漏磁饱和引起的转子齿顶宽度的减少

CS2=(t2-b02)(1-Kz)

=(16.1-1)×(1-0.44) =8.456×10-3m

104.起动时定子槽比漏磁导

?S1(St)=Ku1(?u1-??u1)+KL1?L1

= (0.410-0.185)+ 0.83 =1.055

??u1?(h01?0.58h11CS1)()

b01CS1?1.5b01 =(0.8?0.584.93)()

0.9244.93?1.5?3.5 =0.185 105.起动时定子槽漏抗 Xs1(st)* = (

?S1(St)?S1)Xs1*

=(1.055/1.24)×0.440CX =0.3743CX

106.起动时定子谐波漏抗 Xδ1(st)*=KZ Xδ1* =0.44×0.5877 CX

=0.2586CX 107.起动时定子漏抗 Xσ1(st)*= Xs1(st)*+ Xδ1(st)*+XE1*

=(0.3743+0.2586+0.270) CX =0.0342

108.考虑集肤效应转子导条相对高度

?=1.987×10-3hBbBf bs2?B=1.987×10-3×23×10-3√50/0.0434×10-6 =1.551

hB—转子导条高度 hB=23×10-3m bB/bS2—导条宽和槽宽之比 bB/bS2≈1 109.转子电阻增加系数和电抗减少系数 KF=1.7 KX=0.90 110.起动时转子槽比率磁导

?S2(St)?(?u2???u2?KX?L2)=(0.5-0.447)+0.90×1.73= 1.61

??u2=(h02/b02)[CS2/(CS2+b02)]

=(0.5/1)×[8.456/(8.456+1)] =0.447

111.起动时转子槽漏抗 Xs2(st)* = (

?S2(St)?S2)Xs2*

=(1.61/2.23)×0.821 CX =0.593CX

112.起动时谐波漏抗 Xδ2(st)*=KZ Xδ2*

=0.44×0.9023 CX =0.397CX 113.起动时转子斜槽漏抗 XSK(st)*=KZ XSK* =0.44×0.29CX =0.1276CX

114.起动时转子漏抗

Xσ2(st)*= Xs2(st)*+ Xδ2(st)*+XE2*+ XSK(st)* =(0.593+0.397+0.1276+0.150) CX =0.048

115.起动时总漏抗 Xσ(St)* =Xσ2(St)* +Xσ1(St)*

=0.0342+0.048 =0.0822

116.起动时转子总电阻 R2(st)=KFRB+RR

=1.7×0.02012+0.00643 =0.0406

117.起动时总电阻 Rst* =R1* +R2(st)*

=0.0207+0.0406 =0.0613 118.起动时总阻抗

Zst*=(Rst(St)?X?(St))

=(0.06132?0.8222) =0.1121 119.起动电流

*2*2***Ist=Ikw/Zst*=6.58/0.1121=58.6A 误差=0.676%

ist= Ist/I1=58.6/8.69=6.75 120.起动时转矩倍数

TSt=( R2(st)/ Zst*)(1-SN)

=(0.0406/0.11212)×(1-0.0319) =2.458

下面将本台电机的主要性能指标与技术条件中的标准作一比较: 1.效率 2.功率因数 3.最大转矩倍数 4.起动转矩倍数 5.起动电流倍数 标准值 0.87 0.85 2.2 计算值 0.869 0.87 2.74 偏差 -0.115% +2.3% +19.7% **22.2 2.458 +10.5% 7 6.75 -3.6%

TSt=( R2(st)/ Zst*)(1-SN)

=(0.0406/0.11212)×(1-0.0319) =2.458

下面将本台电机的主要性能指标与技术条件中的标准作一比较: 1.效率 2.功率因数 3.最大转矩倍数 4.起动转矩倍数 5.起动电流倍数 标准值 0.87 0.85 2.2 计算值 0.869 0.87 2.74 偏差 -0.115% +2.3% +19.7% **22.2 2.458 +10.5% 7 6.75 -3.6%

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