雅思作文常用论据素材

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Task-2常用论据素材

1. 环境类话题

1-1.Economic/social development and environment

1-1-a. the influences of economic/social development upon environment obtain convenience:

electrical facilities + vehicles with traditional energies = the emissions of toxic substances and greenhouse gases pursue economic profits:

government revenue = tax income = the constructions of factories or low-end

industries= chemical wastes

1-1-b. the solutions to environmental contamination Technological approaches:

The research and development of alternative energies (solar power, hybrid,

wind, hydro power)

The invention and promotion of energy-efficient facilities (efficient lightbulb,

circulating water system) Economic approaches:

Government’s subsidies on the research and development of alternative or

renewable resources

1-2. agencies to shoulder the responsibilities for environmental problems 1-2-a. government’s responsibility Legislative approach:

Formulate strict laws and harsh punishments for those who generate pollution Economic approach:

Levy heavy taxes on those polluters + grant subsidies on those who are

environmental-friendly 1-2-b. individual’s responsibility Endeavors to reduce pollution:

Choose alternative modes of travel, including walking or public transportation,

instead of private cars

Take an active part in the classification of garbage, reusing and recycling the

waste materials

2. 教育类话题

2-1. the purpose of schooling

2-1-a. the significance of academic knowledge

Achieve the fundamental objective of schooling:

Advancement of boundaries of knowledge + building up thinking patterns to

problem-solving

Be beneficial to job-hunting:

Acquire professional knowledge and skills associated with a specific field =

more competitive and competent in job-seeking 2-1-b. the significance of moral and ethical education

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Be conducive to personal development:

Enable individuals to distinguish the good from the evil and ensure them on the

right track in terms of moral development Avoid running counter to the laws

Fundamental responsibility of teachers:

Be responsible for imparting students with positive morals, values and ethics to

ensure student’s healthy growth 2-2. learning style (traditional Vs. modern) 2-2-a. the significance of teacher

Implement individualized education:

Can carry out student-oriented teaching pattern, in which teachers can

investigate students’ needs and formulate curriculum designs on the basis of students’ distinct situations Reliability and professionalism:

Expert background in teaching = more professional teaching pattern + more

reliable information source

2-2-b. the significance of other resources The diversity of information resource:

Obtain information and updated knowledge from a variety of fields Motivation:

Avoid tedious learning process + render learning process more vivid and

vigorous

2-3. academic subjects and arts/sports

2-3-a. the significance of academic subjects National interest/development:

Academic subjects = achievements in scientific research = benefits in various

fields, such as military and medical areas + higher international status and reputation

Be beneficial to job-hunting:

Professional knowledge in specific fields = more competitive and competent in

job-seeking

2-3-b. the significance of arts/sports

Enrich spiritual life and enhance physical health:

Arts = be conducive to self-cultivation = relieve pressure Sports = physical exercises = reduce the possibility of disease Bring higher government revenue + national reputation:

Protect and promote traditional arts = attract more attentions worldwide =

tourism = economic profits

Success in sports competition = higher national reputation 2-4. parents and schools’ responsibilities 2-4-a. parents’ responsibility

ensure children’s healthy growth;

impart children with fundamental knowledge, skills and values; teach children how to distinguish the good from the evil;

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guide children on the basis of their personality traits and strong/weak points 2-4-b. schools’ responsibility

have an abundance of educational resources (professional teaching staff + educational facilities);

implement individualized education;

impart individuals with knowledge and values

3. 媒体类话题

3-1. violent/obscene/disaster images in TV programs and movies 3-1-a. the reasons why violent images should be banned Adverse impacts upon children and youths:

Children are immature = limited recognition and strong curiosity = imitate

violent images

Threaten social harmony:

Images of disaster = immerse individuals in depression and frustration =

adverse impacts upon study and work

Images of violence = render individuals feel frightened and anxious =

psychological pressure = adverse impacts upon study and work 3-1-b. the reasons why violent/obscene/disaster images are displayed Economic profits for mass media:

Images of disaster and violence = higher audience rating = more advertisements

= more revenue

Government’s negligence of responsibility:

The formulation of laws to supervise mass media is insufficient. The implementation of laws is undemanding.

4. 犯罪类话题

4-1. the methods to deal with criminals

4-1-a. the impacts of harsh punishment/penalty Deter potential criminal behaviors:

Harsh punishment = those who tend to make a desperate attempt will reconsider

their decisions = the stun effect

Console victims + represent the justice of laws:

Harsh punishment = consolation for victims and their family members +

representation of justice of laws Avoid social panic:

Harsh punishment = increase individuals’ sense of safety 4-1-b. the impacts of reeducation

Be beneficial to social harmony and stability:

Reeducation = acquire knowledge and skills = survive and be independent in

society = avoid commit crimes again

Reeducation = trigger them to repent and make a fresh start, compared to harsh

punishment, such as imprisonment, which brings about desperation and even hatred

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4-2. juvenile delinquency

4-2-a. the reasons of juvenile delinquency Social factor:

Mass media’s pursuit of profits = obscene and violent images + youths’

imitation

Personal factor:

Adolescent psychological inversion Domestic factor:

Domestic violence + single-parent family = threaten psychological health

(apathy, loss and loneliness)

The solutions to juvenile delinquency Government’s responsibility:

Censorship and supervision over mass media (grading, viewers’ discretion) Parents’ affinity and dialogue: Reclaim youths

Strict rules will foster the intractability Parents’ sense of responsibility:

Avoid dispute and violent behavior in front of children

5. 政府类话题

5-1. government and education

5-1-a. the reasons why government should finance education Reliability of financial source:

The government authority is of ability to offer strong and continuous financial

support.

Government’s responsibility:

Government administration has duty to provide tax payers with opportunity to

be educated and ensure citizens’ right of acquiring education. 5-1-b. the reasons why individuals/NGOs should finance education Relieve government’s financial burden:

More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries,

including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which need government’s funding.

Trigger students to value the opportunity of education:

Students who are financed by themselves will treasure it and devote endeavors

to studying.

5-2. government and culture/arts

5-2-a. the reasons why government should finance culture/arts Economic profits:

Government’s efforts to protect and promote traditional arts = tourism = more

income for local residents and more government revenue Ensure cultural diversity:

Government’s efforts to protect culture or arts of ethnic minorities = maintain

social harmony and stability

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5-2-b. the reasons why artists/NGOs/individuals should finance culture/arts Relieve government’s financial burden:

More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries,

including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which need government’s funding.

Avoid complex bureaucratic procedure:

The complex bureaucratic procedure of the government needs a long time

which may delay the protection of minority culture.

6. 建筑类话题

6-1. the importance of the function of a building 6-1-a. practicability

Capacity (how many people it can accommodate) + safety (resistance against

earthquake and fire)

6-1-b. being environmental-friendly + energy saving

Whether the exterior and interior materials are environmental-friendly is a huge

concern of the public.

6-2. the importance of the appearance of a building 6-2-a. economic profits

Unique and individualized architectural design = attract individuals’ attentions

= tourism = economic profits for local residents and the government 6-2-b. representation of the culture of a city

Unique and individualized architectural design = represent a city’s cultural

identity = distinguish it from many others

7. 就业类话题

7-1. the reasons why unemployment rate is high 7-1-a. insufficiency of practical skills

Traditional education = theoretical and academic oriented stuff = practical skills

are inadequate + employers’ expectation (seek those with practical skills to reduce training cost)

7-1-b. labor supply > labor demand

Universities’ enlargement of enrollment = a huge number of graduate enter the

labor market to seek employment opportunity + labor demand remains limited = unemployment

7-2. the solutions to reducing unemployment rate

7-2-a. opportunity of practicum and internship for graduates

Universities are expected to offer internship positions for those young graduates,

which can facilitate the transition between graduation and employment. 7-2-b. economic incentives from the government

Tax-cut policy + subsidy = encourage enterprises to hire young graduates

8. 家庭类话题

8-1. the advantages of living together

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8-1-a. exert positive impacts upon children’s development

Seniors, with healthy lifestyles, habits and regular schedules, as a vivid example,

can exert positive effects, by which children follow a right track to grow up. 8-1-b. promote the closeness and harmony of family

Living together contributes to facilitating mutual understanding and respect

among family members, dispelling barrier and misunderstanding. 8-2. the disadvantages of living together 8-2-a. conflicts

Generation gap (difference in thinking pattern and living habit) = conflict

Educational methods (a difference exists among individuals of old generation in

terms of the strategy to educate the youngsters.) 8-2-b. loss of privacy

Life is under momentary monitor and supervision.

9. 社会发展与全球化类话题 9-1. the impacts of social progress

9-1-a. the positive influences of social progress Higher living standard:

Due to the promotion of medical care, education, pension plan, public services,

public transport and infrastructure, the general public can gain easier access to higher quality of life.

More government revenue:

Social progress = superior education = individuals with outstanding educational

background can obtain better employment opportunity = higher income = more income tax

9-1-b. the negative influences of social progress Environmental problems:

Emissions of toxic substance and greenhouse gases + exhaustive exploitation

(energy shortage) = sustainable development path is faced with challenge. hinder/impede/dampen human being’s creativity:

Advanced technology may render people satisfy the existing state and devote less efforts to moving forward. 9-2. international aids

9-2-a. the significance of international aids

Immediate effect on underdeveloped countries:

Financial and technological aids contribute to solving a series of problems in

poor countries, including food shortage, spread of disease and poor infrastructure, all of which are attributed to the insufficiency of funding. Humanitarianism:

Human beings living in the same global village help one another, providing

individuals in poor countries with a chance to enhance their quality of life. = global harmony

9-2-b. the problems of international aids

Loss of motivation to develop themselves:

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The governments of underdeveloped countries are reluctant or, to be more

accurate, lazy to take an active part in making progress, due to the fact that they get accustomed to obtaining aids.

Complaints from tax payers of developing countries:

Domestic affairs are equally urgent and appeal financial support either, such as

medical care, infrastructure and unemployment insurance. 9-3. the advantages and disadvantages of the movement of people 9-3-a. the advantages of the movement of people Enhance quality of life and well-being:

Moving to a new place for working or studying is often driven by a desire to

fulfill personal needs in academic or career layers, such as obtaining superior education, better working environment and higher payment. Narrow regional difference (balance regional development):

The movement of talents facilitates filling the gap between developed and

underdeveloped regions, on account of the fact that they bring advanced knowledge, extensive experience and professional skills to the underdeveloped area.

9-3-b. the disadvantages of the movement of people Problems in major cities:

Population explosion, energy shortage, difficulty in employment, traffic

congestion and contamination Problems in psychology:

Insufficiency in ability to adapt = sense of loneliness and homesickness

10. 广告类话题

10-1. the positive layers of advertisements 10-1-a. for enterprises:

Commercial advertising serves as a crucial medium for enterprises to promote

and popularize their ideas and products, by which potential market can be developed. 10-1-b. for consumers:

The general public can gain access to the information regarding the products,

including price, function and suitable crowd. Simultaneously, information with respect to discount and promotion is also involved. 10-2. the negative layers of advertisements 10-2-a. improper images

To attract more attentions, some advertisements contain obscene and violent

images, which exert adverse impacts upon youths who possibly imitate them and commit crimes. 10-2-b. mislead consumers

Some advertisements may contain information that is fake or exaggerated,

which misleads consumers and thus render them make wrong purchasing decisions.

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11. 旅游类话题

11-1. the benefits of tourism

11-1-a. promote local and national economy

Making consumptions in shopping malls, restaurants, hotels and scenic spots,

visitors bring considerable business opportunities for local economy, which leads to a consequence that tax income gets increased for local government, equally important, more job positions are available. 11-1-b. enhance cross-cultural communication

Tourism facilitates individuals with distinct backgrounds to communicate with

one another, by which mutual understanding and respect can be set up and prejudice and misunderstanding can be eliminated. 11-2. the drawbacks of tourism

11-2-a. environmental problems for tour destinations Garbage disposal and exhaust emission 11-2-b. preservation of cultural relics

An excessive number of tourists set an awkward question for those tour

destinations, owing to their limited carrying capacity. 11-2-c. interrupt normal life of local residents

More demands for transportation and accommodation caused by tourists

disturb the normal life of local residents.

12. 健康类话题

12-1. the reasons for healthy problems 12-1-a. unhealthy habits

smoking and excessive drinking + staying up all night + irregular life style 12-1-b. pressure from work and study

The intense competition immerses individuals in a condition of tension,

leading to less time and motivation to do physical exercises. 12-1-c. contamination

Air and noise pollution (exhaust + greenhouse gases) 12-2. the solutions to healthy problems 12-2-a. correct improper habits

Media should shoulder the responsibility to popularize healthy habits. 12-2-b. relieve pressure

Maintain an optimistic mood + keep physical exercises 12-2-c. deal with pollution

Governemnt’s efforts + individuals’ endeavors (refer to No.1)

13. 食品类话题

13-1. the advantages of transporting (importing + exporting) food 13-1-a. importing food:

Domestic consumers can benefit from importing food, due to a variety of food

available for selecting. 13-1-b. exporting food:

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It brings about considerable economic profits for countries which export food,

especially for those who work in the industry of food export. 13-2. the disadvantages of transporting (importing + exporting) food 13-2-a. importing food:

On account of lower price and higher quality, importing food forms a threat to

domestic food, which implies that workers in domestic food industry may be faced with unemployment. (without tariff) 13-2-b. exporting food:

With tariff, exporting food is expensive for import countries = less demand =

workers producing exporting food will have less income. 13-2-c. environmental problems

Frequent transportation of food by air = more emission of greenhouse gas =

global warming

14. 性别差异类话题

14-1. the advantages of hiring female employees/allowing female to join in army 14-1-a. equality of right

Females and males should be granted equal right to have employment

opportunity or serving for their country. Gender discrimination, however, impedes the principle of equality of right to be achieved. 14-1-b. promote females’ economic and social status

More employment opportunities for females give rise to such a consequence

that their income will witness a rise, which leads to their stronger voice in their family as well as the society. Put another way, their economic and social status is raised.

14-1-c. the need of certain fields

Females have impressive performances in certain fields, including nursing and

accounting, which require patience and meticulousness. 14-2. the disadvantages of hiring female employees 14-2-a. physical weakness

Females’ physical weakness disallows them to carry out those works which

are physically demanding. 14-2-b. sexual harassment

Females may face sexual harassment in workplaces from their supervisors and

colleagues.

15. 科技类话题

15-1. the positive impacts of technological progress

15-1-a. promote/optimize productivity/efficiency = enhance individuals’ well-being 15-1-b.contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection (sustainable

development can be achieved)

15-1-c. facilitate the spread of knowledge (the internet)

15-2. the negative effects of technological progress

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15-2-a. hinder/impede/dampen human beings’ creativity:

Advanced technology may render people satisfy the existing state and devote less endeavors to moving forward.

15-2-b. generate pollution/toxic substance/greenhouse gas 15-2-c. challenge traditional craftsmanship and skills 15-2-d. encroach on people’s privacy (surveillance)

16. 文化习俗类话题

16-1. the positive aspects of cultural communication

16-1-a. promote mutual understanding and respect among different cultures = the

tolerance of cultural difference 16-1-b. enrich local culture

Valentine’s Day and Christmas Day render local culture become more

diversified.

16-2. the negative aspects of cultural communication

16-2-a. undermine the individuality and uniqueness of local culture

Valentine’s Day and Christmas Day, to a large extent, corrode people’s passion of their traditional and ethnic holidays.

17. 语言类话题

17-1. the advantages of learning foreign languages

17-1-a. be conducive to getting familiar with other cultures

Learning a foreign language endows individuals a chance to gain access to

other cultures = mutual understanding and respect among different cultures = tolerance of cultural difference 17-1-b. employment opportunity

Mastering a foreign language facilitates job-hunting, due to the fact that more

international trades, transactions and business, which have a huge demand for those who have foreign language skills, will occur in the trend of globalization.

17-2. the disadvantages of learning foreign languages

17-2-a. require a great deal of time and energy = deprive individuals of opportunities

to focus on other fields, at which people have potentials to be adept.

18. 动物类话题

18-1. the protection of endangered species 18-1-a. the reasons for the protection

right: the equality of right for survival

economy: build up natural protection area for endangered species = tourism =

economic profits for local government = the profits earned can be used for protecting endangered species.

18-1-b. the reasons against the protection Survival of the fittest

economy: it needs considerable financial support = increase government’s

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financial burden

18-2. animal experiments 18-2-a. the reasons against it

It deprives animals of right for survival.

Some experimental results from animals are not necessarily compatible to

human beings.

19. 能源类话题

19-1. the advantages of traditional energies

19-1-a. provide a considerable number of job positions

Exploitation + transportation + utilization = a considerable employment

opportunities for individuals at different educational levels

Job opportunities from alternative energies, including the research and

development, are of a higher suitability for those top talents rather than people with poor educational background. 19-2. the advantages of alternative energies 19-2-a. environmental protection

Less emission of greenhouse gases and less production of toxic substances 19-2-b. energy conservation

Traditional energies such as coal, oil and natural gas are exhaustible, whereas

alternative energies, with a renewable feature, are compatible to sustainable development path.

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financial burden

18-2. animal experiments 18-2-a. the reasons against it

It deprives animals of right for survival.

Some experimental results from animals are not necessarily compatible to

human beings.

19. 能源类话题

19-1. the advantages of traditional energies

19-1-a. provide a considerable number of job positions

Exploitation + transportation + utilization = a considerable employment

opportunities for individuals at different educational levels

Job opportunities from alternative energies, including the research and

development, are of a higher suitability for those top talents rather than people with poor educational background. 19-2. the advantages of alternative energies 19-2-a. environmental protection

Less emission of greenhouse gases and less production of toxic substances 19-2-b. energy conservation

Traditional energies such as coal, oil and natural gas are exhaustible, whereas

alternative energies, with a renewable feature, are compatible to sustainable development path.

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