2011年同等学力英语考试真题及详解

2011年同等学力英语考试历年真题及参考答案

Part One (90 minutes)

Part 1 Dialogue communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each) Section A Dialogue completion

1. A: David said he bought a new BMW for $5,000! B: _____. Sounds pretty cheap to me! A: Well, that’s what he said.

A. Are you sure?

B. Come to think of it. C. Do you think so? D. Is he crazy?

2. A: We just came back from Phoenix. And we had the best vacation in years. B: ____. I’m glad to hear it.

A. Oh, my goodness! B. How was it?

C. Oh, there you go again. D. Good for you.

3. A: I just can’t stand this class anymore?

B: ____. It’s required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate.

A. Well, why not just drop out of it? B. Why, you can say that again!

C. Well, you might as well get used to it. D. Why, I couldn’t agree more!

4. A: I don’t know about you, but I thought that film was terrific. B: ____. The action was great, and so was the music.

A. Just the same.

B. I’m with you there. C. More or less. D. I sure do.

5. A: Dan gave me a free ride home, but I paid for the gas. B: You know what they say, ____.

A. there’s no free lunch

B. don’t bite off more than you can chew C. one good turn deserves another D. it’s who you know that counts

Section B Dialogue Comprehension

6. Woman: I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask. Man: Come on. I think you need to let off some steam.

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Question: What does the man advise the woman to do?

A. To talk to him about the problem. B. To keep the secret.

C. To reduce the workload. D. To have a good rest.

7. Woman: Julie’s dress looks funny. That style went out last year. Man: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her. Question: What does the man try to emphasize?

A. Julie’s dress is not outdated. B. Julie’s dress does not suit her. C. Julie should follow the fashion. D. Julie looks fine in that dress.

8. Man: What kind of snacks do you prefer? Woman: Oh, I’ve got a sweet tooth, you know. Question: What does the woman probably like?

A. Sandwich. B. Hot dogs. C. Ice cream. D. Potato chips.

9. Woman: I’m tired of driving all the way to work and back every day. If only cars could drive themselves!

Man: Well, some car manufactures are working on them. I guess you’ll soon buy one if you can afford it.

Question: What does the man imply?

A. The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car. B. Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive. C. He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars. D. Driving to work is really a headache.

10. Man: Annie, how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future with someone?

Woman: It’s simple. I don’t mind being married to my career. Question: What’s Annie’s attitude towards her future?

A. She will stay with someone unmarried. B. She will live a simple life.

C. She will quit her job to get married. D. She will fully focus on her job.

Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each) Section A

11. The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the events.

A. neglected B. foresaw C. explored

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D. assessed

12. Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected child abuse to authorities.

A. reminded B. expected C. compelled D. requested

13. Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas. A. creativity B. popularity C. feasibility D. flexibility

14. We suspect there is a quire deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine the electoral commission.

A. conscious B. desperate C. clumsy D. intentional

15. So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have been a party to them.

A. just B. hardly C. almost D. definitely

16. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus forming dirty fog.

A. constrained B. caught C. concealed D. concentrated

17. Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.

A. poisonous B. difficult C. dangerous D. harmful

18. Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with sales reaching in the neighborhood of $9 billion. A. precisely B. merely

C. substantially D. approximately

19. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation.

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A. factor

B. constituent C. barrier D. break

20. Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him. A. count on B. benefit from C. stand for D. stick to

Section B

21. It ____ without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.

A. takes B. appears C. makes D. goes

22. The world economic recession put an ____ end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002.

A. irregular B. illegal C. abrupt D. absurd

23. I’m ____ about how you discovered my website, and am very glad if you enjoy it.

A. mysterious B. furious C. serious D. curious

24. The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, based on an ____ with other smaller parties, has proved successful.

A. acquaintance B. integration C. alliance D. intimacy

25. The new aircraft will be ____ to a test of temperatures of -65℃ and 120℃.

A. suspended B. suppressed C. summoned D. subjected

26. The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful ____ to my ordinary income.

A. profit

B. supplement C. subsidy D. replacement

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27. Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.

A. treatment B. incidence C. consequence D. misfortune

28. Many countries have conversation programs to prevent certain ____ of fish from becoming extinct.

A. species B. sources C. numbers D. members

29. Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by ____ useful tips from TV cookery programs.

A. picking up B. bringing up C. putting up D. pulling up

30. The President _____ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.

A. promoted B. substituted C. authorized D. displaced

Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)

Passage One

Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a ―walking school bus‖—a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.

Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new way to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.

Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.

Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is

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a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.

There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win—but if too many of their parents decide to drive then instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.

31. The ―walking school bus‖ _____.

A． does not consume fuel B． aims to keep children fit C． seldom causes traffic jams D． is popular with school kids

32. In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with ____.

A． individual schools B． school districts C． teacher D． parents

33. As regards walking to school, modern parents seem much concerned with the _____.

A． time spent on the way B． changes in the route C． kid’s physical strength D． safety of their children

34. To save money, some schools choose to _____.

A． take the shortest routes B． shorten the school week C． give drives better training D． use fuel efficient buses

35. Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to _____.

A． fierce competition among bus companies B． more students taking public transportation C． an increase in carbon dioxide emissions D． a decrease in the safety of school buses

36. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards busing cutbacks?

A． Favorable B． Critical C． Objective D． Indifferent

Passage Two

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People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expects to live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity （长寿）of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then – the gap is growing.

A number of reasons have been proposed to accounts for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).

Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.

One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.

Some researchers have suggested that men may die early because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.

Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages（流产）. In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.

37. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A． Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.

B． Researchers have found the cause of the age gap

C． The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap. D． The age gap was noticed only recently.

38. As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are ____. A． diseases and road accidents

B． industrialization and work strains

C． their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol

D．their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure 39. According to Paragraph3, which of the following statements is true? A． The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap. B． The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap. C． Female workers are more likely to smoke than make workers.

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D． Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.

40. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled? A． Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions. B． Though more liable to illnesses, women still live longer. C． Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill. D． Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement. 41. The word ―edge‖ in Paragraph 6 means ―_____‖. A． margin B． side

C． advantage D． quality

42. What is the main idea of the passage?

A． The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.

B． That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity. C． People are living longer as a result of industrialization. D． Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.

Passage Three

Many are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature.

Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology, energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes, buildings and industrial plants.

Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (传感器) networks by making them difficult and expensive to install and maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.

The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environments. To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, GreenPeak has developed an ultra-low-power communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.

Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, will enable us to better

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control our lives, homes and environment, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer, and cleaner environment.

43. By ―human intervention‖ (Paragraph 2), the author refers to _____. A． the reduction of great energy waste in the environment B． the grasping of straightforward opportunities available C． acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room D． the adoption of smart sensing and network technology

44. Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they ____. A． have to be replaced from time to time

B． contain metals that pollute the environment C． require automatic recharging

D． are difficult and costly to maintain

45. Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that _____. A． there is energy in the environment to be utilized B． the cost of using them has been drastically reduced C． modern data communication consumes little energy D． their maintenance has been greatly simplified 46. According to the passage, Green Peak _____.

A． is the first company to install wireless sensor networks B． promotes the application of wireless sensor networks C． supplies batteries operating on harvested energy

D． benefits handsomely from communication technology 47. The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the _____. A． replacement of batteries in harvesters

B． monitoring of energy harvested from the environment C． elimination of batteries in sensor networks D． impact of sensor networks on power supply 48. Wireless sensor networks promise to ____. A． bring businesses high profits

B． further develop the sensing technology C． turn motion into a major source of energy D． improve the daily lives of people worldwide

Passage Four

If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few month you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about the new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have more likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.

While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.

Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed

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almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer to overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percents, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increase by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事) and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage. You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from assign? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!

Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are sceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safety, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.

49. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that _____.

A． people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings B． Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months C． one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid them D． the media coined the term ―Road Rage‖ only a few months ago

50. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year _____. A． drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highway

B． more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk driving C． two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive driving D． 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving

51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving? A． Increasing number of cars B． Drivers’ stress and anxiety C． Overcrowded roads D． Rush hour traffic

52. The word ―spell‖ in Paragraph 3 means‖_____‖. A． speak B． cause C． describe D． spare

53. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving? A． Talking while driving B． Driving fast

C． Yelling at another driver

D． Sounding the horn when passing 54. The last paragraph is intended to _____.

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A． tell people how to cope with Road Rage

B． inform people how aggressive drivers could be C． tell people how to control themselves when angry D． warn people against eye contact with another driver

Passage Five

In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the ―Clever Hans‖ effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr Lit found, they do.

Dr Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area might contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any ―detections‖ made by the teams thus had to be false.

The findings reveals that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts stuck Dr Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.

When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals—who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying ―wolf‖ at the unconscious signal of their handlers.

How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously ―profiled‖ people being sniffed by a drug, or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positive could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.

55. What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans? A． He was as clever as people claimed. B． He was really good at counting.

C． He could understand human language. D． He merely responded to human signals. 56. Lisa Lit and her colleagues ____.

A． questioned the ―Clever Hans‖ effect B． discovered the ―Clever Hans‖ effect C． confirmed the ―Clever Hans‖ effect D． rejected the ―Clever Hans‖ effect

57. The dog handlers learned before the searches that ____. A． each search area contained three target scents

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B． there was actually no target scent in the search area C． some target scents may be labeled with a special mark D． their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paper

58. What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr Lit? A． The location of the false alerts B． The regularity of the false alerts C． The number of the false alerts D． The timing of the false alerts

59. It can be concluded from the experiment that ____.

A． dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogs B． dogs may act in response to their handlers’ bodily signals

C． the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to success D． well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers’ signals 60. The author thinks that Dr Lit’s findings _____. A. should raise our concern in real life B． may not be useful in real situations

C． should be backed up by further evidence D． will be widely applied in the near future

Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)

Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, __61__ those species that are endangered． __62__, many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment． Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational __63__ that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations． __64__ the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities, the struggle to obtain __65__ operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits．

Many __66__ zoos in American cities have undergone renovation (翻新) during the last decades of the twentieth century． Among the recent trends in zoo __67__ is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats (栖息地)． The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors __68__ appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals． Such renovations may __69__ stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally．

Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs．A captive propagation program includes the breeding of __70__ zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring, usually for release to __71__ or for transfer to other zoos． Captive breeding is one method of __72__ some species from extinction．

Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also, with education departments that develop programs 73 zoo exhibits． Public activities include in-school programs, zoo tours, special events, and websites． The Zoological Society of New York, for example, conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd 74 it moved throughout its range．

The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing． Through their efforts 75 conservation, education, and environmental advocacy, zoos will continue to play

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a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world．

61．A．superficially B．especially C．importantly D．supposedly 62．A．By that time B．By the time C．At one time D．At that time 63．A．institutions B．associations C．foundations D．corporation 64．A．Along B．Forward C．Among D．Through 65．A．limited B．professional C．sufficient D．excessive 66．A．newer B．older C．former D．later

67．A．management B．improvement C．achievement D．assessment 68．A．under B．for C．into D．with 69． A．reduce B．cause C．increase D．avoid 70． A．selected B．sustained C．promising D．surviving 71． A．natural B．the natural C．wild D．the wild 72． A．restraining B．saving C．sheltering D．exempting 73． A．attributed to B．opposed to C．referred to D．related to 74． A．as B．as if C．so D．so that

75． A．instead of B．in honor of C．in support of D．in charge of

卷二Paper Two(60 minutes)

Part I Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section) Section A

Over the years, we tend to think that unclear technologies and the necessary know-how to ensure nuclear safety have been developed to a level that possibilities for any major nuclear accidents are almost non-existent and if it does happen, it will be controlled in the capable hands of nuclear engineers. However, reality has proved again that you just can’t be too careful to handle nuclear energy. We don’t know for sure yet what will be left behind Japan’s nuclear crisis, but it will be certain that it is time to re-examine our nuclear practices and many more efforts need to be made to ensure nuclear safety in the future. Section B

中国有着5000年得文化传统，历经劫波而生生不息，我们一定要充分发扬祖国的文化传统。同时我们也懂得，要学习和借鉴世界先进的文明。只有这样，才能使祖国的文化得到进一步发展，也就是我常说的，直邮开放包容，才能使祖国强大。

Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: in this part, you are to write 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of ―How to Handle Stress‖. The clues given below are for your reference only, NOT the outline you should follow. Please remember to write your composition clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.

1、 Common sources of stress 2、 Healthy ways to reduce stress

3、 How you have overcome stressful situations.

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2011年同等学力英语真题参考答案

Part One (90 minutes)

Part I Dialogue communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)

1. A。【解析】A: 大卫说他花了5000 英镑买了一辆新的宝马车。A项\你确定吗? \；B项\好好考虑一下吧。\； C 项\你也是这么认为的吗? \；D 项\他疯了吗? \。根据B 回答的后半句\这听起来很便宜啊!\，可知这里应该是表示吃惊疑惑。故答案选A。 2. D。【解析】A: 我们刚从凤凰城回来，这真是近年来最愉快的假期啊!根据B 的后半句\真替你高兴！\，可知此处应该是肯定A 的意见。A项\啊，我的天啊!\项\它怎么样? \；C项\哦，你又来了！ ；D项\好得很，真替你高兴啊！\。故答案选D。

3. C。【解析】A: 我不想再上课了!根据B 回答的后一句\这是要求的课程，为了能毕业就要去上课啊! \，可知前半句是劝慰。A 项\嗯，为什么不辍学呢? \；B项\为什么，你说得太对了!\；C 项\嗯，你不妨去适应它。\ D项\为什么，我完全同意!\；故答案选C。 4. B。【解析】A: 我不知道你是怎么想的，但是我觉得那电影好极了。根据B 回答的后一句\电影的动作非常好，音乐也很好!\可知B 对这部电影的态度也是非常肯定的。A 项\还是那样儿。\；B 项\我完全同意你的看法。\； C 项\差不多。\；D 项\当然。\故答案选B。

5.A。【解析】A：丹尼载我回家，但是我付了汽油钱。A 项\天下没有免费的午餐。\；B 项\不要自不量力。\项\善有善报。\； D 项\你知道谁靠得住。\；根据B 回答的前半句\你知道他们说什么来着\，可知是对B 的行为的一种总结，意思就是天下没有白占的便宜。故答案选A 。

6. A。【解析】女士：我不想多谈它了，不要再问了。男士：别这样，我想你应该放松一下了。A项\和他谈谈这个问题。\； B项\保守秘密。\； C 项\减轻工作量。\；D 项\好好休息一下。\故答案选A 。

7. D。【解析】女士：朱莉的裙子看起来很好笑，那个款式去年就过时了。男士：噢，别这样，我认为她穿着很好。男士的意思是，即使裙子过时了，但朱莉穿起来仍很好看。故答案选D 。

8. C。【解析】男士：你喜欢什么样的零食? 女士：我喜欢吃甜食，你知道的!答案中除去C 项\冰激凌\外，其余三者都不是甜食。故答案选C 。

9. B。【解析】女士：从家去工作来来回回太累了，要是有智能车就好了。男士：嗯，一些汽车厂家已经在研究了。如果你能付得起钱的话，很快就能买到一辆了。从这位男士的话语中能看出来，智能汽车会很贵。故答案选B。

10. D。【解析】男士：安妮，你就从没想过未来和某个人一起生活吗? 女士：这很简单，我并不介意嫁给我的工作。暗示她会将全部精力放在工作上，不考虑结婚的事情。故答案选D。

Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each) 11. A。

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【解析】overlook 忽略，忽视。neglect 忽视，忽略。foresaw 预见。 explore 探究，探索。assess 评估，评定。故答案选A。

【句意】新闻报道完全忽视了这一事件的深层政治含义。 12. D。

【解析】oblige 要求be obliged 有义务做某事，。remind 提醒，使想起。expect 期望，预期。compel强迫，迫使。request 要求，有义务。故答案选D。 【句意】和孩子们接触的老师和护士有义务发现虐童现象向当局报告。 13. A。

【解析】originality 创造力，独创性。popularity 流行，人气。creativity 创造力。feasibility可行性。flexibility 适应性，灵活性。故答案选A 。

【句意】你的成绩在很大程度上是根据你那有创意的想法来定的。 14. D。

【解析】deliberate 蓄意，故意。conscious 意识到的; desperate 绝望的; clumsy 愚笨的; intentional策划的，故意的，有意的。故答案选D 。

【句意】我们怀疑有人蓄意策划妨碍选举并且迫害选举委员会。 15. B。

【解析】scarcely 几乎不，几乎没有。just 仅仅，只有；hardly 几乎不；almost 差不多，几乎；definitely 清楚的，明确的。故答案选B。

【句意】我故事里的情形非常奇怪，我几乎无法相信我参加了他们的聚会。 16. B。

【解析】trapped 使陷入，使困住。caught 被抓住，被困住。constrained 被约束的。concealed隐蔽，隐藏。concentrated 集中，专注于。故答案选B。

【句意】烟雾微粒和其它空气污染物往往被困在大气中，这样就形成了―脏雾‖。 17. C。

【解析】hazardous 有危险的。 poisonous 有毒的，恶毒的。difficult 困难的。harmful有害的。dangerous 危险的。故答案选C。

【句意】化工厂的员工做危险工作的时候可以得到额外的报酬。 18. D。

【解析】In the neighborhood of 将近，接近。precisely 精确地，准确地。merely 只是，仅仅。approximately 大概，大约，接近。substantially 大量地。故答案选D。

【句意】科特·卡尔森，明起苏达州的首富，拥有一间饭店和一家旅游公司，它们价值达到了90 亿。 19. C。

【解析】obstacle 阻碍，障碍。factor 因素，要素。constituent 成分，组成要素。break破损，破裂; barrier 障碍，阻碍。故答案选C。

【句意】对外来器官的排斥现象是器官移植最大的障碍。 20.A。

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【解析】lean on 依赖。count on 依靠，依赖。benefit from 得益于。stand for 代表，象征。stick to 忠于，信守，遵守，坚持。故答案选A。

【句意】当你需要时，无论是提供倾听的耳朵或是帮助的手，汤姆总在那里，让你可以随时依靠他。 21. D

【解析】go without saying 固定搭配\很显然，不言而喻\。故答案选D。 【句意】不言而喻，如果价格下降的话，消费者会更开心。 22. C

【解析】irregular 不规则的，无规律的。illegal 非法的。absurd 不合理的，荒谬的。abrupt 突然地，意外的。故答案选C.

【句意】世界经济的衰退使2002年开始好转的钢铁市场突然结束了。 23. D

【解析】mysterious 神秘的，不可思议的。furious 狂怒的。curious 好奇的。serious严肃的。故答案选D 。

【句意】我很好奇你是怎样发现我的网站的并且很高兴你能喜欢。 24. C

【解析】 acquaintance 相识，了解。integration 整合，完整。intimacy 亲密，亲近。alliance 结盟，联盟。故答案选C。

【句意】工党联合其它小党派的选举政策证明是很成功的。 25. D

【解析】suspend 使搁置。suppress 废止，封锁。subject 使遭受，使接受试验。summon召唤。故答案选D。

【句意】新飞机必须接受零下65 摄氏度到120 摄氏度的温度测试。 26. B

【解析】on the side 兼职。supplement 补充。profit 利润，收益。subsidy 津贴，补贴。replacement 代替，取代。故答案选B。

【句意】我兼职带课赚的钱是我平常收入的一个有利补充。 27. B

【解析】 incident 事件，事故。treatment 治疗。consequence 结果，后果。misfortune不幸，厄运。根据题干意思应该是减少虫牙的事件，故答案选B。

【句意】中国人民正在享受更好的牙齿健康，如图所示，虫牙的发生率正在减少。 28. A

【解析】source 来源，资源。species 种类。number 数量。member 成员。根据句意应该是鱼的种类，故答案选A。

【句意】许多国家都有保护项目，用以保护濒临灭绝的某些鱼类。 29. A

【解析】bring up 教育，培养。pick up 学到。put up 建造，支起。pull up 向上拉，拔。故答案选A。

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【句意】苏珊从没上过烹饪课，她都是通过电视烹饪节目上介绍的有用的小技巧来学习厨艺的。 30. C

【解析】 promote 晋升。substitute 代替，替补。displace 取代，替代。authorize 授权，全权委托。根据题意选答案C 。

【句意】当他在国外的时候，总统授权他的代理人来行使他的职权。

Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each) Passage One

31. A

根据第一段内容可知\步行校车\活动主要是因为燃料价格上涨，学校为了节省开支而发起的，故答案选A。 32. B

由第二段中\可知，学校在校车使用上每年都要有一定额度的预算，结合上下文可推断是校区的责任。故答案选B。 33. D

由第三段中\parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of ..., those concerns have diminished. \可知，现在的家长不愿他们的孩子走路上学，显然是担心孩子们的安全问题。故答案选D。 34. B

由第四段中\weeks.\可知，在那些必须要有校车的农村地区，一些学校甚至选择缩短上学周期。故答案选B。 35.C

由最后一段中\if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，由eoveral1carbon footprint can grow.\可知，削减校车导致很多家长开车送孩子上学，整体碳排放量就会上升。故答案选C。 36. B

从最后一段可以看出作者并不赞同消减公车，并在文中列举了一系列后果，具有批判性。故答案选B。

【参考译文】

直到去年春天，尼娅·帕克还与邻居的孩子们一直乘坐59 路车上下学。但是随着油价(fuel price: oil price) 的上升，校区需要找到降低交通(transportation: traffic) 费用的方法，所以学校的公车公司重新设计(redraw: repaint) 了他们的行车路线(route: path) ，撤销(eliminate: avoid, exclude) 尼娅乘坐的公车。现在尼娅和她的邻居们要乘坐 “步行校车”去上学，大约要走半英里的路程。\步行校车\是指一群孩子由一两个大人监督(supervise: manage) 一起步行上学。

像我们一样，校区也因油价的上涨而感到经济拮据(pinch: harry) ，并且在寻找新的方法来适应(adapt: adjust, accommodate to) 这种状况（寻找新的解决办法）。过去两年里，柴油价格上涨了34% 。对于典型的美国校区，校车费用总共占预算(budget: spend) 的5% 。校车成了管理者削减开支(trim: cut down to) 的最大目标，因为这不会影响教学(或者说是考试成

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绩)。超过二分之一的学校管理者为了(in order to) 不超出预算，削减了校车站点和路线。

许多家长很高兴(delight: glad, pleasure) 看到他们的孩子走路上学，部分原因是他们中的许多人也曾这样做过。根据1969 年的一项调查，接近一半的学生走路或骑车上学，2001年这个数字仅为16%。现在的家长不愿他们的孩子走路上学是因为对交通、犯罪(crime: guilt)或者恐吓(bully: daunt) 的担忧(fear: worry) ，但是组织成年人来监督就消除了(diminish: reduce, decrease) 这些担心。

学校和校车公司也在找其它的办法来节约开支。在那些必须要有校车的农村(rural: country, sylvan) 地区，一些学校甚至一周只上四天学。汽车公司指示(instruct: require) 司机从路线图上减少额外(extra: additional) 的站点，并且在空载时关闭引擎(engine)。他们也用电脑软件来决定最省油(fuel-efficient )的路线但并不总是最短的路线。

但是对于公车的削减(cutback: reduction) 也有不好的一面(downside: disadvantage) 。如果之前乘坐校车的学生都能够走路上学，这就是环境的胜利，但是太多的家长决定开车送他们上学，总体(overall: entire) 碳排放量就会上升。代替校车，更多的家长驾车送孩子上学，也会增加交通危险，一份2002 年的报告显示学生乘坐校车比客车安全13倍，这是因为校车的大小正合适于乘坐的学生，减少了交通事故。有学生不愿意(complain: whine about) 早晨过长的步行，尤其是当路线里包含有大段山路的时候就更不愿意步行。 Passage Two

37. C

由第一段的最后两句\different was smaller then ---the gap is growing以及第二段中\gap is greatest in industrialized societies. \可知，越先进的社会，差距就越大。A项意思是男人的寿命一直保持不变；B项研究者已经发现了年龄差距的原因；D项人们最近才注意到年龄差距的问题；故答案选C。 38. D

由第二段中―the gap is greatest in industrialized societies, ... to be less adventurous than men…\可知，与女性长寿有关的两个因素是她们对工作压力的承受能力和冒险精神小。故答案选D。 39. D

由\however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.\（然而，现在我们看到更多的女性吸烟，但是她们仍然活的更长久，即使她们得肺癌的机率在急剧上升。）可知，吸烟似乎对女性的长寿没什么影响。故答案选D。 40. B

由第四段中\as men. That is, they report far more illness.\可知，令研究者百思不得其解的是即使女性得病率高，但她们仍然活的更长久。故答案选B。 41. C

margin 利润，余裕。side 方面。quality 质量。advantage 优势，利益。通篇都在谈论女性比男性在寿命方面更有优势，由此优势类推到几乎所有的哺乳动物中，雌性都活得更长些。故答案选C。 42. A

从全文来看，第一段介绍，很多世纪以来，女性比男性寿命长，接下来列举两个因素，并重点解释了吸烟对男女寿命的影响，又列举了男性寿命短的原因，直到最后一段也没找到男女寿命差距的原因。人们对女性为什么长寿进行了许多推测，但是这仍没有确切

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结果，女性为什么长寿仍是一个谜。故答案选A。 【参考译文】

人们比以往任何时候活得都长，但是由于一些原因，女性的寿命比男性更长。2003 年在美国出生的男婴，预期( expect: look forward to) 可能活到73 岁，但是女婴大约会活到79 岁。这的确是一个很大的差距)(gap: separation, blank) 。但是人们并不知其中的原因(exist: occur, live) 。几个世纪以来，女性的长寿(longevity: age, macrobiosis)都被人们熟知。例如，十七世纪时，就有男女寿命差距的相关记录了(describe: represent, trace, figure, depict)。然而，差距正在变大。

人们已经提出( propose: schedule, design, map, think, purpose)一些原因来来解释(account for: explain) 男女寿命差距的原因。在工业社会(industrialized societies) ，差距更大了，所以有些观点认为(suggest: vote, advise) 女性更不易受到工作压力的(strain, tension, burden, weight) 影响( susceptible: impressionable) ，而这些压力容易引发心脏病（heart disease) 和酗酒(alcoholism: bibulosity ) (risk: venture) 。杜会学家(Sociologist) 也告诉我们：和男性比起来，女性不易冒险 (encourage: stimulate) (adventurous: bold)，这可能就是为什么女性开车更小心，更少被卷入(become involved in) 车祸中的原因。

吸烟也被牵扯到(implicate: involve) 年龄差距(discrepancy: conflict, unconformity)上来了。有人曾经提出，随着更多的女性进入职场(work force) ，职业女性更有可能吸烟，这使男女寿命差距应越来越小，因为吸烟会导致早逝(relate to: deal with，get involved in) 。然而，现在我们看到更多的女性吸烟，但是她们仍然比男性长寿(tend to: trend)，即使她们得肺癌的机率在急剧(sharply: rapidly) 上升(climbing: rising) 。

百思不得其解(puzzling: confusing) 的是女性看来似乎(appear to: seem) 不像男性一样健康。更确切地说，她们得病的机率更大。但是，男人一旦得病，病情就会很严重。

一些研究人员指出，男性寿命短，因为他们的健康状况他们的情绪(emotion: mood) 紧密相关。例如，与女性相比，男性在失去配偶(spouse: mate ship) 后，会在更短的时间内去世。男性更容易受失业的打击(weak: fragile)。这些都与免疫系统(immune system)功能的下降有关。在男性中，退休后死亡率很令人担忧（an alarming promptness) 。

也许我们寻找的答案太接近问题的表象(surface: exterior, outside)。

也许答案更在我们的生物遗传上(biological heritage) 。毕竟(after all) ，这一现象并不孤立存在于( isolate: seclude) 人类中。几乎( virtually: almost) 所有哺乳动物(mammalian) 中的雌性(female) 都有这个优势(edge: advantage) ，存活寿命比雄性长。因此(furthermore: moreover, besides) 许多物种(species: category, variety) 的差异开始于胚胎( conception) 时期，有更多的雄性动物流产(miscarriage)。人类在出生之后，男婴死亡率要高于女婴。

Passage Three

43.C

根据第一段，everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. 故答案选C。human intervention意思是人为干涉。 44.A

根据第三段：But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain.可知，由于无线网络能量消耗大，所以需要经常更换电池，这使得无线网络难以维护，成本很高。故答案选A。 45. A

由第四段中The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated.可见，要想真正的

19

采用无线传感器网络，必须清除用于数据通信及供电的整个线路系统，达到此目的需要制定一个真正的无电池式无线网络解决方案，对直接从环境中获取的能源加以利用。故答案选A。 46.B

由\facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, GreenPeak has developed an ultra-low-power communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration.\可知，GreenPeak开发了一项超低功率的通信技术，用于解决无线网络中出现的问题。故答案选B。 47. C

Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environments.可知，要想传感器网络广泛应用，必须有一个解决办法，那就是不用电池，故答案选C。 48. D

由最后一段可知，无线传感器网络应用于我们的办公室和家庭，在我们的生活中起到了很大的作用，有助于我们循环利用能源。故答案选D。 【参考译文】

许多人己经意识到了环境中巨大的(tremendous: huge, enormous) 能源浪费，但是却不能利用简单的(straightforward: direct1y) 机会去节能(conserve: save)。例如，大家都知道，办公室在没人时要关灯(switch off: turn off, cut off)。同样地，没人在会议室时，应关掉空调。

幸运的是，节约能源并不必须依赖人为干预(intervention: prevention, violation)。在智能传感和网络技术的帮助下，像关灯和温度调节这些节能程序(process: system, method)都能实现自动化。最终，这项技术能够使消费者和工厂(plant: factory) 管理者更好地辨别(identity: confirm, recognize) 浪费能源行为，并且制定(institute: establish) 程序创建更智能、更高效的家居、办公楼和工业厂房。

直到现在，用来导电的电线和电缆安装困难，维护费用高，这限制了传感器网络的广泛应用。由电池供应的无线网络可以简化(simplify: predigest, deformalize) 安装设置，价格低廉。但是高消耗(consumption: expense) 和相应的(corresponding: accompanying) 需要定期地更换电池，使得无线网络的使用更困难并且维修费很昂贵。没人愿意在大楼内总是要定期地更换成百上千的电池。

无线传感器网络要得到充分实现，就得在数字通讯(communication: exchange) 和能量供应上淘汰使用电线。要想做到这点的话就得找到真正地无需电池和电线的解决方法，就是直接应用环境中已经存在的能源。为了使推广无线传感器网络更容易(facilitate: easy) ，GreenPeak公司己研制出了一种超低功耗的(ultra-low-power )通信技术，它能够利用光、运动(motion: movement) 和振动(vibration: oscillation) 这样的环保能源。这个技术采用车载电源(on-board power) 管理电路和电脑软件监测能源采集器，且最有效地利用采集到的能源，使传感器在不依靠电池的环境中得以应用。

无线传感器网络在办公室和家中的应用(deploy: expand) 将对日常生活有很大的影响(enormous: huge, massive) ，它能帮助人们建立更加智慧的世界，这能够使能源循环(recycle: circulate) 利用并被充分地利用(utilize: use) 。这些装有先进的(advanced: progressive) 无线传感功能的平台(platform: platform) ，能使我们更好地掌控我们的生活、家庭和环境，创建(create: produce, invent) 一个真正的紧密相联的世界，能使人们生活在更加舒适(comfortable: pleasant,. easy )、安全和干净的环境中。

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