年英语二真题答案

年英语二真题答案

【篇一：完美版10至14年考研英语二真题及详细解析】

ss=txt>英语二真题 考生注意事项：

1 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

2 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的―考生姓名‖、―报考单位‖、―考生编号‖等信息。 3 答案必须按要求填涂或书写在指定的答题卡上。

(1)英语知识运用，阅读理解 a节、b节的答案填涂在答题卡 1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用 2b铅笔完成。如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

(2)英译汉和写作部分必须用蓝黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2上做答。字迹要清楚。

4.考试结束，将试题，答题卡1和答题卡2一并装入试题袋中交回。 section i use of english directions:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet. (10 points)

thinner isn‘t always better. a number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. and there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually

___2___. for example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. it is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or bmi. bmi ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. an adult with a bmi of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. between 25 and 30 is overweight. and over 30 is considered obese. obesity, ___8___,can be divided into

moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. while such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. some people

with a high bmi are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low bmi may be in poor 11 .for example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their

percentage body fat is low. conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 bmi.

today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.the overweight are

sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.

stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for

success.teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and

teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. 1. [a] denied [b] concluced [c] doubled [d] ensured

2. [a] protective [b] dangerous [c] sufficient [d]troublesome 3. [a] instead[b] however[c] likewise [d] therefore 4. [a] indicator [b] objective [c] origin [d] example 5. [a] impact [b] relevance [c] assistance[d] concern 6. [a] in terms of[b] in case of [c] in favor of [d] in of 7. [a] measures [b] determines[c] equals [d] modifies 8. [a] in essence[b] in contrast [c] in turn[d] in part 9. [a] complicated [b] conservative [c] variable [d] straightforward

10. [a] so [b] unlike[c] since [d] unless 11. [a] shape[b] spirit [c] balance[d] taste 12. [a] start [b] quality [c] retire [d] stay

13. [a] strange [b] changeable[c] normal[d] constant 14. [a] option[b] reason [c] opportunity [d] tendency 15. [a] employed[b] pictured[c] imitated [d] monitored

16. [a] opportunity [b] combined [c] settled[d] associated 17. [a] even [b] still [c] yet [d] only

18. [a] despised[b] corrected [c] ignored[d] grounded 19. [a] discussions [b] businesses[c] policies[d] studies 20. [a] for[b] against [c] with[d] without section ii reading comprehension part a

directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet. (40 points) text 1

what would you do with 590m? this is now a question for

gloria mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in florida to collect the

biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. if she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read happy money by elizabeth dumn and michael norton.

these two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. it is far better to spend money on experiences, say ms dumn and mr norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. these purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

watching television (something the average american spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. this is

apparently the reason macdonalds restricts the availability of its popular mcrib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession. readers

of ―happymoney‖ are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not

hunger.money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. not everyone will agree with the authors‘ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for american homebuyers. but most

people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

21. according to dumn and norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase? [a]a big house [b]a special tour [c]a stylish car [d]a rich meal

22. the author‘s attitude toward americans‘ watching tv is [a]critical

[b]supportive [c]sympathetic [d]ambiguous

23. macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that [a]consumers are sometimes irrational [b]popularity usually comes after quality [c]marketing tricks are after effective [d]rarity generally increases pleasure

24. according to the last paragraph,happy money [a]has left much room for readers‘criticism [b]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

[c]has predicted a wider income gap in the us [d]may give its readers a sense of achievement 25. this text mainly discusses how to

[a]balance feeling good and spending money [b]spend large sums of money won in lotteries [c]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

[d]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries text 2

an article in scientific america has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you‘re more beautiful than you are. we have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the ―above average effect‖, or ―illusory superiority‖, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

we rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. we become

defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we‘re hot stuff.

psychologist and behavioral scientist nicholas epley oversaw a key studying into

self-enhancement and attractiveness. rather that have people simply rate their beauty

compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves‘ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. visual recognition, reads the study, is ―an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no

apparent conscious deliberation‖. if the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. epley found no

significant gender difference in responses. nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound

insecurities. in fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. ―i don‘t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion‖, says epley. ―it‘s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of

themselves‘. if you are depressed, you won‘t be self-enhancing. knowing the results of epley ?s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerally-on one level, they don‘t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, facebook therefore ,is a

self-enhancer‘s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it‘s not that people‘s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of wiscon—madison university ,‖but they portray an idealized version of themselves.

26. according to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.

[a] our self-ratings are uealistically high [b] illusory superiority is baseless effect

[c] our need for leadership is unnatural

[d] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

27. visual recognition is believed to be people‘s______ [a] rapid watching

[b] conscious choice [c] intuitive response

[d] automatic self-defence

28. epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______

[a] underestimate their insecurities [b] believe in their attractiveness [c] cover up their depressions [d] oversimplify their illusions

29.the word ―viscerally‖(line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.

[a]instinctively [b]occasionally [c]particularly [d]aggressively

30. it can be inferred that facebook is self-enhancer‘s paradise because people can _____.

[a]present their dishonest profiles [b]define their traditional life styles [c]share their intellectual pursuits [d]withhold their unflattering sides text 3

crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. the shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. the observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. but

judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.

humans are the only animals definitely known to shed

emotional tears. since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.

【篇二：2012年考研英语二真题及答案】

section i use of english directions:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)

millions of americans and foreigners see gi. joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of american military adventurism, but that’s not how it need to be. to the men and women who 1 in world war Ⅱand the people they liberated, the gi was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battles, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the nazi reign of murder. this was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies in centuries.

his name isn’t much.gi. is just a military abbreviation 7

government issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. and joe? a common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. joe blow, joe palooka, joe magrac?a working class name. the united states has 10 had a president or vice- president or secretary of state joe. gi. joe had a 11 career fighting german, japanese, and korean troops. he appears as a character or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie the story of gi. joe, based on the last days of war correspondent emie pyle. some of the soldiers poly 13 portrayed themselves in the film. pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the

dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. his reports 16 the

“willie” cartoons of famed stars and stripes artist bill maulden. both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of

civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.19 egypt, france, and a dozen more countries, gi. joe was american soldiers, 20 the most important person in their lives. 1. [a]performed[b]served[c]rebelled[d]betrayed 2. [a]actual[b]common[c]special[d] normal

3. [a]bore[b]caused[c]removed[d] loaded

4. [a]necessities[b]facilities[c]commodities[d] properties 5. [a]and[b]nor[c]but[d]hence

6. [a]for[b]into[c]from[d]against

7. [a]meaning[b]implying[c]symbolizing[d]claiming

8. [a]handed out[b]turned over[c]brought back[d]passed down 9. [a]pushed[b]got[c]made[d]managed 10. [a]ever[b]never[c]either[d]neither

11. [a]disguised[b]disturbed[c]disputed[d]distinguished 12. [a]company[b]collection [c]community[d]colony

13. [a]employed[b]appointed[c]interviewed[d]questioned 14. [a]ethical[b]military[c]political[d]human

15. [a] ruined[b] commuted[c] patrolled[d] gained

16. [a]paralleled[b] counteracted[c] duplicated[d] contradicted 17. [a] neglected[b] avoided[c]emphasized[d] admired 18. [a] stages[b]illusions[c] fragments[d] advances 19. [a] with [b] to[c] among[d] beyond

20. [a] on the contrary[b] by this means[c] from the outset[d] at that point

section ii reading comprehension part a

directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points) text 1

homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned. school

districts across the country, most recently los angeles unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.

unfortunately, l.a. unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.

this rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. but the policy is unclear and contradictory. certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. but if the district is essentially giving a

pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the

implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children. district administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. but with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. some students might do well on state tests without

completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? it is quite possible that the homework helped. yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.

at the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. if the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it

should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. conversely, if should account for a significant portion of the grade. meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. the homework rules should be put on hold while the shool board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. it is not too late for l.a. unified to do homework right.

21. it is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework____. [a] is receiving more criticism

[b]is no longer an educational ritual

[c]is not required for advanced courses [d]is gaining more preferences

22. l.a.unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.

[a] tend to have moderate expectations for their education [b]have asked for a different educational standard [c]may have problems finishing their homework [d]have voiced their complaints about homework

23. according to paragraph 3’one problem with the policy is that it may____.

[a]discourage students from doing homework

[b]result in students’ indifference to their report cards [c]undermine the authority of state tests [d]restrict teachers’ power in education

24. as mentioned in paragraph 4 a key question unanswered about homework is_____. [a] it should be eliminated

[b] it counts much in schooling

[c] it places extra burdens on teachers [d] it is important for grades

25. a suitable title for this text could be____.

[a] wrong interpretations of an educational policy [b] a welcomed policy for poor students [c] thorny questions about homework [d] a faulty approach to homework text 2

pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so

obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. it is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. looking around, i despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.

girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow

encoded in their dna, but according to jo paoletti, an associate professor of american studies, it is not. children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era

before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. what’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. when nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was

associated with strength. blue, with its intimations of the virgin mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. it was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex

differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem

inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as

female, at least for the first few critical years. i had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. take the toddler. i assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of

research into children’s behavior: wrong. turns out, according to daniel cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.

trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. it was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. and one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences-or invent them where they did not previously exist.

26.by saying “it is ? the rainbow” (line3, para.1), the author means pink____.

【篇三：2016年考研英语二真题及答案】

lass=txt>英语（二） section i

use of english directions:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each

numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points)

happy people work differently. theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. and new research suggests that happiness might influence___1__firms work, too. companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on rd (research and development). thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.

the researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way

companies invested. so they compared u.s. cities average happiness__6__by gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

__7__enough, firms investment and rd intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they

were__8__. but it is really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on rd? to find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that

might make firms more likely to invest — like size, industry, and sales — and for indicators that a place

was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. the link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.

the correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the

authors__13__to less codified decision-making process and the possible presence of younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. the

relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

__17__ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to

invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. it surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative

and__20__rd more than the average, said one researcher.

1. [a] why 2. [a] in return 3. [a] sufficient 4. [a] individualism 5. [a] echo 6. [a] imagined 7. [a] sure

8. [a] advertised 9. [a] explain 10. [a] stages 11. [a] desirable 12. [a] resumed 13. [a] attribute 14. [a] serious 15. [a] thus 16. [a] rapidly 17. [a] after 18. [a] arrives 19. [a] shape 20. [a] pray for [b] where

[b] in particular [b] famous [b] modernism [b] miss [b] measured [b] odd [b] divided [b] overstate [b] factors [b]

sociable [b] held [b] assign [b] civilized [b] instead [b] regularly [b] until [b] jumps [b] rediscover [b] lean towards [c] how

[c] in contrast [c] perfect [c] optimism [c] spoil [c] invented [c] unfortunate [c] overtaxed [c] summarize [c] levels [c] reputable [c]emerged [c] transfer [c] ambitious [c] also [c] directly [c] while [c] hints [c] simplify [c] give away [d] when

[d] in conclusion [d] necessary [d] realism [d] change [d] assumed [d] often

[d] headquartered [d] emphasize [d] methods [d] reliable [d] broke [d]compare [d]experienced [d] never [d] equally [d] since [d] strikes [d] share [d] send out section ii reading comprehension part a directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points) text 1

its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. students without

experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said tom cortina, the assistant dean at carnegie mellons school of computer science.

however, cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. when younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or

test hypotheses. its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, cortina said.

students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.

the flatiron school, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. the high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in, said victoria friedman, an

instructor. for instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.

the students in the flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next facebook. programming

languages have a quick turnover, so the ruby on rails language they learned may not even be

relevant by the time they enter the job market. but the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem

and organize the results —apply to any coding language, said deborah seehorn, an education consultant for the state of north carolina.

indeed, the flatiron students might not go into it at all. but creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. these kids are going to be surrounded by

computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. the younger they learn how

computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.

21. cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____. [a] complete future job training [b] remodel the way of thinking [c] formulate logical hypotheses [d] perfect artwork production

22. in delivering lessons for high-schoolers, flatiron has considered their____. [a] experience

[b] academic backgrounds [c] career prospects

[d] interest 23. deborah seehorn believes that the skills learned at flatiron will____. [a]. help students learn other computer languages [b]. have to be upgraded when new

technologies come [c] need improving when students look for jobs [d] enable students to make big quick money

24. according to the last paragraph, flatiron students are expected to____. [a] compete with a future army of programmers

[b] stay longer in the information technology industry [c] become better prepared for the digitalized world 2

[d] bring forth innovative computer technologies

25. the word coax (para.6) is closest in meaning to____. [a] challenge [b] persuade [c] frighten [d] misguide

text 2

biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie

chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern united states. but just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.

the crash was a major reason the u.s fish and wildlife service (usfws) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, said usfws director daniel ashe. some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. they had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. but ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less

confrontational conservation approaches. in particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.

under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. negotiated by usfws and the states, the plan requires

individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. the fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. usfws also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. and it gives the western association of fish and wildlife agencies (wafwa), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. overall, the idea is to let states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species, ashe said.

not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. some congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too

far ;enviornmentalists doesnt go far enough. the federal

government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, says biologist jay lininger.

26. the major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.

[a] its drastically decreased population

[b] the underestimate of the grassland acreage [c] a desperate appeal from some biologists [d] the insistence of private landowners

27.the threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____. [a]was a give-in to governmental pressure

[b] would involve fewer agencies in action [c] granted less

federal regulatory power [d] went against conservation policies 28.it can be learned from paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____. [a] agree to pay a sum for compensation [b] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat [c] offer to support the wafwa monitoring job [d] promise to raise funds for usfws operations

29. according to ashe, the leading role in managing the

species lies in_____. [a] the federal government [b] the wildlife agencies [c] the landowners [d] the states

30.jay lininger would most likely support_____. [a] industry groups [b] the win-win rhetoric 3

[c] environmental groups [d] the plan under challenge text 3

what makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. the webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: give up tv or carry a book with you at all times. but in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps

spinning or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. the modern mind, tim parks, a novelist and critic, writes, is overwhelmingly inclined toward

communication…it is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption. deep reading

requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.

in fact, becoming more efficient is part of the problem. thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally; judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading

—useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. the future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, writes gary eberle in his book sacred time, and we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them. no mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.

so what does work? perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us step outside times flow into soul time. you could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. carry a

book with you at all times can actually work, too

—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. on a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre making time to read, but just reading, and making time for everything else.

31. the usual time-management techniques dont work because_____. [a] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind

[b] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading [c] what people often forget is carrying a book with them [d] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

32. the empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to_____. [a] update their to-do lists

[b] make passing time fulfilling [c] carry their plans through [d] pursue carefree reading

33. eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps_____. [a] encourage the efficiency mind-set

[b] develop online reading habits [c] promote ritualistic reading [d] achieve immersive reading

34. carry a book with you at all times can work if_____. [a] reading becomes your primary business of the day [b] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with [c] you are able to drop back to business after reading [d] time can be evenly split for reading and business 35. the best title for this text could be_____.

[a] how to enjoy easy reading [b] how to find time to read [c] how to set reading goals [d] how to read extensively 4

text 4

against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and

population structure, younger americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.

across generational lines, americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,

including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. but while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.

young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more

public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

from career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing great recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of

american life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.

young and old converge on one key point: overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. while younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those

starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those just getting started in life face a tougher good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

pete schneider considers the climb tougher today. schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. even now that he is working steadily, he said. i cant afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so i have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen. looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for

their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. i still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnt have college degrees, schneider said, i dont think people are capable of that anymore.

36. one cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____. [a] trying out different lifestyles

[b] having a family with children [c] working beyond retirement age [d] setting up a profitable business

37. it can be learned from paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____. [a] favor a slower life pace [b] hold an occupation longer

[c] attach importance to pre-marital finance [d] give priority to childcare outside the home

38. the priorities and expectations defined by the young will ____. [a] become increasingly clear [b] focus on materialistic issues

[c] depend largely on political preferences [d] reach almost all aspects of american life

39. both young and old agree that ____. [a] good-paying jobs are less available [b] the old made more life achievements [c] housing loans today are easy to obtain [d] getting established is harder for the young

40. which of the following is true about schneider? [a] he found a dream job after graduating from college.

[b] his parents believe working steadily is a must for success. [c] his parents good life has little to do with a college degree. [d] he thinks his job as a technician quite challenging. part b

directions:

read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list a-g for 5

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