英语语法中考总复习（全）

中考复习—名词

一. 名词的种类：

专有名词 普通名词 不可数名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 国名地名人名，团体可数名词 机构名称 个体名词 (1) 个体名词。如：cup, desk, student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 (2) 集体名词。如：class, team, family等。一般可数，有单复数形式

(3) 物质名词。如：rice, water, cotton等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 (4) 抽象名词。如：love, work, life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 （5） 专有名词：如：China, Newton, London等。 定义：

可数名词：可以用数来计算，或可以分成个体的人或东西。如desk bed apple.

不可数名词：指不可分成个体的情感、概念、物质、品质或表示物质材料的词，也不可用数

量来表示。不可数名词分为抽象名词和物质名称。如：

抽象名词有work homework information advice news music weather traffic knowledge等 物质名词有food fruit bread milk water paper money meat fish chicken rice等。

二. 名词的数：

1. 规则名词的复数形式：

名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 规则 1 2 一般情况在词尾加-s 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es 例词 map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, 变-f和-fe为v再加-es wife-wives 以-f或-fe结尾的词 belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, 加-s gulf-gulfs 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变yparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 为i加-es 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 有名词以y结尾的，加-s 以辅音字母一般加-es hero-heroes, tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, 4 5 6 加-o结尾的名不少外来词加-s 词 两者皆可 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s 以-th结尾的名词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 7 8 随堂练习：

1.She was born in Xiangfan, but now she works in Taiyuan. So we can‘t say Taiyusn is her _____ A second home B hometown C family 2.We should make _____ for old people.

A room B rooms C a room

3.We know_____ doesn‘t travel so fast as light. A sound B sounds C a sound 4.They are planting _____ trees. A apples B an apple C apple

5. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town. A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers

2. 不规则名词复数：

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： 规则 1 例词 foot-feet, goose-geese, 改变名词中的元音字母或其他man-men, woman-women, mouse-mice 形式 2 单复数相同 3 只有复数形式 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, （整体）也可以作复数（成员） government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) goods（货物）conditions（环境、情况） Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 6 复数形式表示特别含义 表示7 ―某国单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 人‖ 以-man或-woman结尾Englishmen, Frenchwomen 的改为-men,-women 将主体名词变为复数 8 加-s 合成名无主体名词时将最后grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 词 一部分变为复数 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants 有些名词在习惯用语中一定要用复数形式 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 9 make friends with (与??交朋友)， shake hands with (与??握手) 随堂练习：

1. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.

A. woman B. women C. woman‘s D. women‘s 2.Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.

A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos

三．不可数名词

1. 物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如：luggage, milk, rice, soup, water, money, meat等。 不可数名词不能在其前加a/an ，也不能再词尾加-s或-es. 其复数形式只能体现在它的量词上，表示不可数名词的量有以下两种方法：

1. 用some ,much, little ,a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等俩表示。如：much water 许多水,

a lot of money很多钱，a little milk 一点牛奶 some orange一些橘汁 2.用数次+量词+of来表示 如：

a cup of 一杯……a pair of 一双（对）…….a piece of 一片（块）…….

A drop of 一滴….. a group of一群（组）…….a row of 一排……a bowl of一婉…..

A pile of 一堆……a cup of coffee一杯咖啡 ten bags of rice十袋大米 sit boxes of ink六盒墨水 a glass of 一玻璃杯….. a bottle of一瓶….. 注意：不可数名词在表示量的时候需要用上适当的量词，当数词大于1时，量词须变为复数。如：a piece of advice(一条建议) five pieces of advice (五条建议)，a bag of rice (一袋大米) three bags of rice (三袋大米)。

可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达。 2. 不可数名词的转化

(1) 物质名词表示种类或具体事物时则成为可数名词。如：glass (玻璃) a glass (一个玻璃杯)，tea (茶) two teas (两杯茶)，ice (冰) three ices (三个冰淇淋)。

(2) 抽象名词具体化时也可成为可数名词。如：beauty (美丽) a beauty (一个美人)，youth (青春) a youth (一个青年)。

(3) 表示具体事物的可数名词，用于表示抽象或物质意义是，便转化为不可数名词。如：a room (一个房间) room (空间)，a chicken (一只小鸡) chicken(鸡肉)。

(4)fish, chicken 单数时表示肉类，用作复数时表示种类。Fishes 鱼类 chickens鸡的种类。 1.Old as he is, he has ___to do every day. A. a lot of work B. much works

C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks 2.What ___ weather we‘re having these days! A. nice B. a nice C. a bad D. worse

3.What Darwin said was an attack on people‘s religious ___. A. belief B. beliefs C. beliefs D. believs

4.There are some ___waiting for you outside. A. German B. American C. grown-up D. Japanese

5.Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats 6.You have to make ___ for your journey A. preparing B. preparation C. a preparation D. preparations

辨别名词的可数与不可数的技巧

不少同学分辨不清可数名词与不可数名词。在这里告诉你一个诀窍，叫做“一分为二鉴别法”，能帮助你基本上分清这两类名词。

判断某名词是可数名词还是不可数名词时，可以先将这个名词所表示的东西一分两半，若每一半不能再叫原来的名称时，这个名词就是可数名词；反之，若每一半还可以叫原来的名称，这个名称就是不可数名词。

例如，desk 表示“课桌”，若将课桌一分两半，所得的两部分都不再具有课桌的特征，不能再用desk 来表示。因此，desk 是可数名词。Meat表示“肉”，将一块肉一分两块，所得的两块仍可称作肉。所以，meat是不可数名词。

四．名词的所有格：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加‘s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ‘s所有格的构成： 单数名词在末尾加‘s 复数名词 一般在末尾加‘ 不规则复数名词后加‘s the boy‘s father, Jack‘s book, her son-in-law‘s photo, the teachers‘ room, the twins‘ mother, the children‘s toys, women‘s rights, Dickens‘ novels, Charles‘s job, the Smiths‘ house 以s结尾的人名所有格加‘s或者‘ 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均Japan‘s and America‘s problems, Jane‘s and Mary‘s bikes 须加‘s 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末Japan and America‘s problems, Jane and Mary‘s father 加‘s 表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名the doctor‘s, the barber‘s, the tailor‘s, my uncle‘s 词省略

2. ‘s所有格的用法： １ 2 3 4 5 6 7 表示时间 表示自然现象 today‘s newspaper, five weeks‘ holiday the earth‘s atmosphere, the tree‘s branches 表示国家城市等地方的名the country‘s plan, the world‘s population, China‘s industry 词 表示工作群体 表示度量衡及价值 the ship‘s crew, majority‘s view, the team‘s victory a mile‘s journey, five dollars‘ worth of apples 与人类活动有特殊关系的the life‘s time, the play‘s plot 名词 某些固定词组 a bird‘s eye view, a stone‘s throw, at one‘s wit‘s end(不知所措) 随堂练习：

1. This is ___ reading-room.

A. the teacher‘s B. teacher‘s C. teacher‘s D. the teachers‘ 2.Have you read ___newspaper yet? A. today‘s B. Today‘s C. the today‘s D. your today‘s

3.It‘s not far, only ___walk from here to our school. A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes

C. a ten minutes‘ D. ten minutes‘ 4. He had a ___sleep yesterday.

A. a good night B. a good-night C. a good night‘s D. good-night‘s 5. His isn‘t fit for the work. Please get me ___. A. something else B. somebody else C. someone else‘s D. somebody‘s else

3. of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 注：不同国籍人的单复数

国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数

中国人 the Chinese, a Chinese, two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss, a Swiss, two Swiss

澳大利亚人the Australians, an Australian, two Australians 俄国人 the Russians, a Russian, two Russians

意大利人 the Italians, an Italian, two Italians 希腊人 the Greek, a Greek, two Greeks

法国人 the French, a Frenchman, two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese, a Japanese, two Japanese

美国人 the Americans, an American, two Americans 印度人 the Indians, an Indian, two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians, a Canadian, two Canadians 德国人 the Germans, a German, two Germans

英国人 the English, an Englishman, two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish, a Swede, two Swedes

五．双重所有格及其用法

定义： 's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成\＋所有格\形式，即双重的所有格。

它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与\．．．\相似，它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。

它的主要形式如下： 1．名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。例如： a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历

2．名词＋of＋'s所有格。例如： He is a friend of my sister's．（＝one of my sister's friends）他是我姐姐的一个朋友。 Look at that long nose of Jack's．看杰克的那个长鼻子。（感情色彩）

试比较： a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张（本人）的照片

a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张（具有的照片中）的一张照片

当of前的名词是picture等词时，含义不同，试比较： It‘s a picture of my mother‘s.这是我妈妈收藏的一幅画。 It‘s a picture of my mother.这是我妈妈的一张照片。

此外，不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有

格或双重所有格形式。 例如： most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人 I have read some books of his．我读过他的一些书。 Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？

六、's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话：

1．She is Mary's brother's friend． 2．She is a friend of Mary's brother． 3．She is a friend of Mary's brother's．

1句用的是's所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，突出friend一词。

2句用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Mary's brother。 3句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。

词类 一 名词

( ) 1.（2009·广州）—You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? —I did _______ Christmas shopping.

A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of

( ) 2.（2009·武汉）—Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？ —I generally make it a _______ to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule

( ) 3.（2009·武汉）—Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! —Mind your own _______ ,Sue!

A. action B. duty C. business D. way

( ) 4.（2009·广州）The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't_______ news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few ( ) 5.（2009·威海）--Why didn‘t you take a taxi back last night? --Because I didn‘t have any_________with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money ( ) 6.（2009·成都）John always says that he likes apples of all the ______ . A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks ( ) 7.（2009·江西）---You look worried. What‘s your ___ ? ---I have trouble learning English.

A. name B. question C. problem D. job ( ) 8.（2009·南京）--Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? --I‘m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information ( ) 9.（2009·河南）I like _______ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles ( ) 10.（2009·宜昌）--In my opinion, China has more ______to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1. --I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well. A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials ( ) 11.（2009·娄底）—It‘s said that you have moved into a new house. —Yeah，and we need to buy some_______ in the mall nearby. A. food B. furniture C. hamburger ( )12.（2009·孝感）All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.

A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( ) 13.（2009·湖北孝感）

Emma, who are you taking _________ of at home? — My grandma, she got hurt in an accident. A. place B. part C. seat D. care ( ) 14.（2009·山西）--How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China? --You have to wait till ______ comes, Steve. A. summer B. autumn C. winter ( ) 15.（2009·山西）Let‘s get some ______ about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention ( ) 16.（2009·无锡）_____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers.

A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman ( ) 17.（2009·绥德）Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight.

A. book shop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema

( ) 18.(2009.安徽)--Shall we go shopping now? ---Sorry. It‘s not the right ________. I‘m too tired. A. way B. weather C. place D. moment

( ) 19.（2009.安徽）--I‘m afraid I can‘t get there before 9 o‘clock. --That‘s OK. There‘s _______ .

A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry

( ) 20.（2009.漳州）--What makes you so upset?

--I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didn‘t give me a(n) _____. A. way B. chance C. idea D. excuse ( ) 21.（2009·通化）We need to come up with a/an ______ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news ( ) 22.（2009·德州）Look at the flowers! They are in different _______: red, yellow, pink… A. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names ( ) 23.（2009·恩施）–I‘d like ______ grapes and pears. –Oh, I only need ______ orange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few ( )2 4.（2009·阜康）— What would you like to drink? —________, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread ( ) 25.（2009·朝阳）--You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are? ---Oh, sorry. It‘s a(n) _______ . A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business ( ) 26.（2009·安顺）We should not eat ______ meat. A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too ( ) 27.（2009·安顺）I don‘t understand the story though there are _______ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little ( ) 28.（2009·安顺）This is not my dictionary. It‘s ______ . She lent it to me this morning. A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sister‘s D. my sisters ( ) 29.（2009·安顺）A school in Anshun held an activity called ―Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers‖. The students made a ______ of 1,0000 books! A. note B. line C. menu D. list ( ) 30.（2009·莆田）--I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you?

--OK. Let‘s go and buy some ________ . A. orange B. bread C. chocolate ( ) 31.（2009·莆田）Hurry up. There is _____ time left. A. a little B. little C. few 32.(2010·内江)—Well,you look so happy! --Because I've got a good ________.

A.work B. news C.job D. ideas ( ) 33. (2010·上海)You can get much_____about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information

( ) 34. (2010·上海)The customers are pleased with the________of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service

( ) 35. (2010·晋江)–Lily has a silk ______. Listen, she is singing in the next room! -- How nice!.

A. look B. noise C. voice

( ) 36.（2010·通化）We need to come up with a/an____and make a decision at once. A.information B.advice C.idea D.news

( ) 37.(2010·湖州)--Would you like some ___? --No,thank you.I‘m not hungry at all. A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread

( )38.（2010·荆州)—When will the 2010 World Expo(世博会) come to a close? —It‘ll close at the end of ________. A. September B. October C. November D. December

( )39.（2010·武汉）–Why are you still waiting in line? --I‘ve missed my _______ . 全品中考网 A. place B. order C. turn D. time

( )40.(2010·河南)It was very hard for me to make a_______but J decided to leave my job. A suggestion B decision C plan D speech

( )41.（2010·黄冈）—Good news. We will have a _____holiday. --I‘ve heard of it.But it‘s coming in____. A.three days ; three days‘ time B.three days‘; three days‘ C.three-day; three days D.three days; three-day time

( )42.（2010·聊城）—Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim? --I‘m afraid it‘s not a good ________.I have been there several times. A.way B.place C.advice D.idea

( )43.（2010·阜康）( )Mr Black gave us ______on how to learn English well.

A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices

( )44.（2010·黄石）— With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ?

— _________. A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you ( )45.（2010·荆门）Oh, my god! The kids are making too much_____ here. I can‘t do anything. A. sound B. Voice C. Noise D. footstep ( )46.（2010·襄樊）—What‘s your job , Henry?

—I‘m a ________ ,I work late . I‘m very busy when people go out to dimters . A. waiter B. reporter C. teacher D. nurse

( )47.(2010·鸡西)－How many ______can you see in the picture? －Only one.

A. Dog B. sheep C. child D. tree ( )48.（2010·定西)—What‘s your ? —I like swimming.

A. job B. age C.hobby D. number

( )49.(2010·定西)—What would you like，sir? — . A. Two pop 全品中考B. Two bottles pop C. Two bottles of pop D. Two bottle of pop

( )50.（2010·莱芜）I have a_____ for breakfast everyday. A. hot dog B. Cookie C. dumpling D. hamburger ( )51.(2010·哈尔滨)A low-carbon(低碳) lifestyle has ______ effect on our daily life. People are paying more and more attention to saving ______ these days. A. the, energies B. a, energy C. an, energy

( )52. (2010三明)—What a fine day! Shall we go hiking, Bob? --I‘d love to.But is‘s not the right ________.I am busy now. A.place B.moment C.weather

( )53.（2010·天津）If you work hard,you‘ll get good ________. A.grades B.notes C.lessons D.answers

( )54.（2010·泰安）—Lucy, do you like _____? -Yes.Most of my clothes are ______. A.an orange an orange B.orange ,orange C.oranges ,oranges D.orange,an orange ( )55.（2010·青海&宁夏)Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second_______ because he has been here for over twenty years.

A. family B. house C. room D. home ( )56.（2010·沈阳）I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a ____. A. letter B. dictionary C. postcard D. notice

( )57.（2010·连云港）--What‘s the news about ? --_______ entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for Yushu. 全品中考网 A. A member of B. A kind of C.A packet of D.A number of

( )58.（2010·巴中）What a pity! Liu Xiang didn‘t win the_____hurdles（跨栏）. A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters

( )59.(2010·四川) When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words more clearly on the _______. A. blackboard B. desk C. dictionary D. postcard

( )60.（2010·东阳) I saw many ______ eating grass on the hill. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep

( )61.（2010·浙江）—The land in the southwest of China is in great need of . —Yes ,it hasn‘t rained for a long time there. A. milk B.tea C coffee D. water

( )62.（2010·台湾）The pants I bought last year are too small now. I think I need a new . A. belt B. pair C. shirt D. space

( )63.（2010·台湾）Mike: I always forget what I want to buy when I go to the market. Oscar: Well, you can make a of things you want to buy. A. habit B. list C. pack D. wish

( )64.（2010·巴中）— What is the____of the 2010 World Expo（世博会）? — It is ―Better City, Better Life‖. A. song B. theme C. custom

( )65.（2010·眉山）—Would you like some drinks, boys? —Yes, ____ , please.

A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola ( )66.（2010·滨州）—Can I help you? —I‘d like ______ for my twin daughters.

A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes 参考答案

1-5 ADCCD 6-10 BCAAA 11-15 BDDCA 16-20 CDDDB 21-25 CABCC 26-30 CACDA 31-35 BCDDC 36-40 CDBCB 41-45 CDCAC 46-50 ABCCD 51-55 CBABD 56-60 BDAAD 61-66DBBBDD

代词

八类: 人称代词, 物主代词, 反身代词, 指示代词, 不定代词, ( 疑问代词, 连接代词, 关系代词 ).

一.人称代词的形式: 人称代词有人称, 数和格的变化

你/你 主格 我 I 我们 们 we us you you he she it it 他 她 它 它们 they them 他们/她们/宾格 me

him her 二. 表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词; 形式: 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种

你的/我们 我的 的 的 形容词性物主my 代词 名词性物主代mine ours 词 yours his hers --- theirs our your his her its their 你们的 的 的 的 他她它们的/它们他们的/她

三 .反身代词的形式: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves

用法: 1.作宾语: a. He taught himself English. b. He is old enough to look after himself.

2.在句中作名词或代词的同位语, 以加强名词或代词的语气, 一般表示 ―亲自” “本人”

a. I myself did the work. b. You had better ask Tom himself.

四. 指示代词的形式: this, that, these, those, it, such, same 用法:

1.this / these常指时间, 空间或心理上较近的人或物, that / those常指时间, 空间或心理上较远的人或物

2.this / these常指后面要提到的事物, 有启下的作用; 而that / those常指前面讲到过的事物, 有承上的作用

a. What I want to tell you is this: The meeting is put off until Friday.

b. He had a bad cold. That is why he didn‘t attend the meeting. 3.that / those还可用来代替上文出现过的名词.作此用法时, 它们的用法及与one / ones的对比见下表

代替什么替换词 one [C]单数 成．．． 某名词 某名词 ones [C]复数 that [U] those [C]复数 [C]单数或the + 某名词 the + 某名词 a. The weather in Beijing is not so hot as that ( = the weather ) in Shanghai.

b. The population of China is a quarter of that ( = the population ) of the world.

c. The students in class one work harder than those ( = the students ) in class two.

d. The question is an easy one. e. I have lost my pen. I am going to buy one.

f Which pencils do you want ? The red ones g. He has a new coat and several old ones. 4.such的用法

①.such代替或修饰可数与不可数名词都可

a. He is such a man. b. I don‘t like such words. c. Such is our plan.

②. .如果名词被many / much / little / few四个词修饰, 则要用so

而不用such, 如:

a. He has made so much progress.

5.the same的用法: the same =同样(的), 可以作定语, 表语, 主语和宾语

a. They left for Beijing on the same day. b. He will go to swim and I‘ll do the same.

c. Whether he will come or not, it is all the same to me. 6.it的用法:

①.it指前面己经提到的人或事物

②.模糊it: it指时间, 季节, 气候, 距离, 情况等

a. It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this

city.

b. It is five kilometer from home to the school.

③.it作形式主语: it作形式主语时, 真正的主语可以是动词不定式, 动名词或由that引导的主语从句.当句中的这些真正主语用词较多时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语移到后面 a. It is a good habit to do morning exercise. b. It is pity that you didn‘t see such a good film.

④.it作形式宾语: it作形式宾语时, 真正的宾语可以是不定式, 动名词或that引导的宾语从句. 当宾语之后有宾补, 而作宾语的不定式或宾语从句用词较多时, 常用it作形式宾语, 而把真正的宾语移到后面

a. I find it easy to learn English well if in the right way. b. I consider it wrong that you stand too close to an Englishman.

c. They want to make it clear that they are doing an important and necessary job.

⑤.it用于强调句型: It + is / was + 被强调的部分 + that / who + 其他

a. Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.(一般陈述句)

b. It is Professor Wang that / who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.(强调句)

c. It is us that / who Professor Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.(强调句)

d. It is English that Professor Wang teaches us every Monday

afternoon.(强调句)

e. It is every Monday afternoon that Professor teaches us English.(强调句)

五、不定代词 一览表

可数 不可数 one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few much, (a) little 可数不可数 oone, any, other, all, some 复合不定代anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, 词 something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing 二、不定代词的语法特征

1．every 和no 只能用作形容词，不能用作代词。 There is no need to finish it tonight.

2．复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一概用单数。

Someone is waiting for me at the school gate, but I have no idea who they are (or who he or she is).

3．复合不定代词都不可接of 短语，但some one, every one, any one 都是两个词，之后可接of 短语（注意no one 不可接of 短语）。 Every one of the students can speak good English.

4．形容词修饰复合不定代词时，必须置其后。something amazing; nothing serious

三、不定代词的用法难点

1．none, no one, nothing 的用法区别

① none 既可指人，也可指物，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；

no one 只能指人，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；

nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如：

— How many people are there in the room now ? — None. — Who is in the room ? — No one / nobody

② every 还可表示“每融??的；每??中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。

every year or two every now and then every other day Choose one out of every ten boys.

3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表

不定代意义 词 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作另一another 个 I don‘t like this coat. Show me another, please. 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词另一other 些 则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day。 两者常与one 连用，构成：one … the other… the other 中的 一个??另一个??；作定语修饰复数另一名词时，表示“全部其余的” 个 others 泛指是other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物连用；但如果前面有each, ever等时，代词或形容词。如： 用法说明 别的 人或物 特指the others 其余 的人或物

4．全部否定和部分否定

（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some…others… 是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。 当not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句中，不管not 在它们之前或之后

Both of them haven‘t read this story. = Only one of them has read this story.

All bamboo doesn‘t grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall. = Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesn‘t.

概括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether (全然地)，wholly（全部地）和not 连用时，也表示部分否定。例如： Such a thing can‘t be found nowhere.。 练一练

1、按要求写出相应人称代词。

I（宾格）_______ she（形容词性物主代词）_______ we（名词性物主代词）_______

he（复数）_______ us（单数）_______ theirs（主格）_______ its（宾格）_______ 2、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )

2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )

4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are ______.( he )

5）_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What color are _________? ( you ) 6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )

7）I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )

8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )

9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )

10）_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )

11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________

parents. ( they )

12）Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it ) 13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she)

1.(11全国II) I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.

2. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase 3. (11天津）We feel our duty to make our country a better place.

4. (11上海春）They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions.

5. (11山东) The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.

6. (11福建）We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____ based on your own interests.

7. (11安徽）Surprisingly, Susan‘s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.

8.(11浙江) Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ________ else.

9. (11四川）There is in his words. We should have a try.

10. (11重庆）——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.

——What do you think of over there?

11. (11陕西）——Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? —— one?

12. (11湖南）I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.

13. (11辽宁) ——Would you like tea or coffee? —— , thank you. I've just had some water.

14.(11江西）Why don‘t you bring _____ to his attention that you‘re too ill to work on?

实战演练

1.全国卷一 I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English and_______ half learning drawing

2.全国卷二. Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thing over between them。

3.全国卷二 The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.

4.安徽．You are a team star! Working with is really your cup of tea.

5.福建When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say_____for me ?

6.江西Swimming is my favorite sport. There is like swimming as a means of keeping fit.

7.辽宁. The fact that she was foreign made ___ difficult for her to get a job in that country

8.山东 Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.

9.陕西 The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city.

10.上海If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on____ (we)

11.四川 On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. (I)

12.天津 in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.

13.浙江 -- How about camping this weekend, just for a change? -- OK, __ you want.

14.浙江__ that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.

15.重庆 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _____ of them again. 2009

（京）1. The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership.

2. Being a parent isn‘t always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _extra stress.

（山东）3. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn‘t face ________ day like that.

（陕西）4. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn‘t answer of them.

（上海）5. －Wow! You‘ve got so many clothes. －But _____ of them are in fashion now .

6. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don‘t have enough money to buy__________.

7．I‘ve read another book this week.－Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

8. Charles was alone at home, with looking after him. 9．The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get completely free. 10. Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in ___way or another for the better.

11. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with __ of their parents. 2008

12. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer? —Actually I didn‘t like ______.

13.. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken in England.

14.. The two girls are getting on very well and share _______ with each other.

15.. –How do you find your new classmates? – Most of them are kind, but __ is so good to me as Bruce.

16. Our nerghbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.

17. Make sure you‘ve got the passports and tickets and ______ before you leave.

18. Isn‘t it amazing how the human body heals ____ after an injury? 19. —Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? —Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is.

20. He doesn‘t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk. 21. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent.

22. –I‘d like some more cheese. –Sorry, there‘s ______ left. 23. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.

24. To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet to

go to the library, or _______.

25.—Could we see each other at 3 o‘clock this afternoon? ---Sorry, let‘s make it __ time.

26. -- Do you want tea or coffee? -- ______, I really don't mind. 27.Not all these books are second-hand； of them are new． 28.You can buy these maps at railway station．They all have them． 29.I prefer a street in a small town to in such alarge city as Shanghai．

30.1've only seen one copy of Gone with the wind in the bookshop opposite．Tom，go and buy ．

31.At the time neither country allowed to open any companies on its land．

32.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family，my sister and ．

33. was thoughtful John to send me this present． 34.—We walked twenty miles today． —I never guessed you could have walked far．

35.—Have you read through the two books he lent you last week? —No， of them is easy to read．

36.Meeting my uncle after all these years Was an unforgettable moment， I will always treasure．

37.The noise of the party prevented me from getting sleep．

38.I hate when people talk with their mouths full． 39.The class are busy preparing lessons for a test．

40.—Would you care for tea or coffee? — ，thank you．I‘ve just had some tea．

41.It was in the house he used to 1ive that the exhibition was held． 2007

1. ___ felt funny watching myself on TV. [07 全国II]

2. The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. [07 上海]

3. _____________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. [07 山东]

4. He has made a lot of films,but ____ good ones. [07 北京]

5. The book is of great value. can be enjoyed unless you digest it. [07 福建]

6. To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. [07 湖南]

7. —What do you think of the performance today?

—Great! But a musical genius could perform so successfully. [07 江西]

8. —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and bottow ?

—No, I‘d rather buy in the bookstore. [07 陕西]

9. Treat to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day. [07 上海]

10. Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising ending when you read stories. [07 四川]

11. He didn‘t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.[07 天津]

12. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper. [07 辽宁]

13. —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____?

—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. [07 浙江] 14. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _______ left in the house. [07 重庆]

冠词

冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”、“定冠词”“零冠词”三种。

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法： 1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示―每一‖相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示―相同‖相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out 5 某名人有类似性质的人或事 That boy is rather a Lei Feng. A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a 6 用于固定词组中 walk, many a time 7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, This room is rather a big one. such之后 8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. II. 定冠词的用法： 1 表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal. 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的3 Would you mind opening the door? 人或事 4 用于乐器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示―一家人‖或―夫妇‖ the Greens, the Wangs 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级7 He is the taller of the two children. 前 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛the United States, the Communist Party of 8 的名词前 China, the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China. 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年10 in the 1990‘s 代 11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时12 He patted me on the shoulder. 间的词组前 III. 零冠词的用法： 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地1 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 名等名词前 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is 2 every等限制 this? 3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals. 练一练

1、用a或an填空。

___“U” ____ice-cream ____goalkee-per ____teapot ____apple ____office

____Englishbook ____um-brella ____unit ____hour ____honest boy

2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。 （1）Who is ____girl behind ____tree?

（2） ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter. （3）This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.

（4）He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby. （5）We all had ____good time last Sunday. （6）She wants to be____ doctor. 实战演练

一、基础题

1. There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near______ house.

A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for ______ hour.

A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano.

A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _____space.

A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填 5. ______ terrible weather we‘ve been having these days!

A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 6. —Where is Jack?

— I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the 7.When do you have _____breakfast every day?

A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 8. Many people are still in _____ habit of writing silly things in

______public places.

A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填 二、加强题在空白处填入/ 、a 、an 或the。

1. _______ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad. 2. ---Do you like playing _________ football? ---Yes. But I have only _________ basketball.

3. Do you know _______girl on ________another side of ________ lake?

4. There's ________ \5. She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.

6. His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.

7. Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse? 8. ________ cold wind was blowing from the north.

9. He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young. 10. ________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.

11. Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who

drink ________most are _______ least healthy.

12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was about _________ kind doctor.

13. You can have _________ second try if you fail _______ first time.

14. Tom went to _________ school as usual, but he didn't know his

father went to ________school for a parent meeting. 15. ________ knowledge begins with _________ practice. 16. ---Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner?

---Dumplings.

---Oh, what _______ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much. 17. _________ PLA was founded on __________August 1st,1927 18. _______ Kings came to us at _________ noon.

19. The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street.

20. The doctor to him, \________ medicine twice

________day. Stay in _________ bed and you'll be better soon.\21. September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.

22. Mr. Black arrived here on __________ Tuesday morning.

23. There are four seasons in _______year. ________ first season is

spring. It is __________ best one of __________ four.

24. Some people have been to _________moon, in _______ spaceship.

25. _______ China is _________ old country with _________ long history

26.They are living ______happy life now. 27.______bag on ______desk is mine. 28.There is ______empty box on the table.

29.Do you like ______music of the film \30.On ______Saturday, I stay in ______bed till 12:00. 31.______Browns have been to China twice. 32.Don't make any noise in ______class.

33.This is such ______interesting story that you must listen to it. 34.Next week they will go to Australia by ______air. 35.Which is bigger, ______sun or ______moon?

36. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine.

_______ newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where I put ______ magazine.

37. I saw ______ accident this morning. ______ car crashed into

______ tree. ______ driver of ______ car wasn't hurt but ______ car was badly damage D.

38. There are two cars parked outside: ______ blue one and _______

grey one. _______ blue one is my neighbour‘s ; I don't know who ______ owner of _______ grey one is.

39. My friends live in _______ old house in _______ small village. There is _______ beautiful garden behind _______ house. I would like to have ______ garden like that. 三、拔高题 选择填空

1. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.

A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an 2. Britain is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country. A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a 3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history.

A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a 4. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.

A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the 5. We always have ______rice for ______lunch.

A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the

6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half to finish ______ work. A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /

7. ______ doctor told me to take ______ medicine three times ______day, stay in _____bed, then I would be better soon.

A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, / 8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ____ picture very much. A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the 9. January is ______first month of the year.

A. a B. / C. an D. the 10. Shut _____door, please.

A. a B. an C. the D./ 11. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

A. a B. an C. the D. / 12. What ____ fine day it is today! Let's go to the Summer Palace. A. a B. an C. the D. / 13. I like music, but I don't like ____ music of that TV play.

A. a B. an C. the D. / 14. ____ girl over there is ____ English teacher.

A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a 15. It's ____ exciting way to shop on the Net.

A. a B. an C. the D. / 16. She was ___ founder of ___ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.

A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an 17. Xi'an is ___ old city with ___ long history, isn't it?

A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a 18. Nancy's sister is ____ English teacher, isn't she?

A. a B. an C. the D. / 19. Chaffs is______ boy, but he can play the guitar very well. A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-old C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old

20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _____ basketball.

A. a B. an C. the D. / 21.More college graduates would like to work in _______ west part

of our country ______ next year.

A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, /

22.We work five days ______ week.

A. a B. an C. the D. / 23.-In which class is ______ boy in white?

-He's in class 4.

A. the B. a C. an D. / 24.-Where do you usually have ______ lunch? -At home.

A. a B. an C. the D. / 25.He hit his sister in ______ face.

A. the B. her C. × D. his 26.-Have you seen ______ book? I left it here this morning. -Is it ______ Chinese book? I saw it.

A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a 27.There's ______―u‖ and ______―s‖ in ______word ―use‖. A. an, a, the B. a, an, × C. a, a, a D. a, an, the 28.-Did you see my grandmother?

-Oh, I saw ______old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.

A. a B. an C. the D. × 29.-Do you see ______man with dog?

-Oh, Yes, dog is yellow.

A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, the, A 30.Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong?

A. the B. a C. an D. ×

冠词参考答案：

一、基础题 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D 6.D 7. D 8. A 二、加强题

解析：1./, the (milk 是物质名词，一般不用冠词， 但后面加上一个定语in the cup 后，使其成为特指，所以需要用定冠词the.) 2. / , the (球类运动前不用the ; 指一个物体要用不定冠词a ) 3. the,/, the ( 特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语another;)

4. a, an, the (\发音以辅音开头所以用a;\发音以元音开头所以用an; 特指这个单词用the)

5. /,/ (泛指动物所以不用任何冠词; air 不可数名词，其前一般不用冠词)

6. an, the ( honest 发音以元音开头，故用an, 在大学里为in the

university)

7. an, a 或the ,the ( 不定冠词a , an 和 定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类)

8. a (物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, rain, snow, wind等，在表示 \一种\或 \一场\的意义时，前面要加不定冠词。 9. the, the ( 形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人)

10. The ,/ ( 姓氏的复数前加定冠词the 表示一家人;在华南是in South China)

11. /, the, the ( most当大多数讲时前面不用the;后两空均为形容词的最高级，前面要加the)

12. a, the, a ( 第一空和第三空都指一个事物，第二空是特指前面提到的电影)

13. a, the (a second try 指的是第二次)

14./, the (go to school 去上学， go to the school 去那所学校) 15./,/ (具有单纯意义的物质名词或抽象名词前，一般不用冠词) 16. /, a 17. the, / 18.the , / 19. the, the 20. the, a, / 21. / 22. / 23. a, the ,the , the 24.the, / 25../,an,/ a 26.a 27.the 28.an 29.the 30./31.the 32./33.an 34./35.the.

36.a ,a, The the 37.an, a, a, The ,the, the 38. A, a, the the, the 39. an, a, a, the, a 三、加强题

1-5 ACDCA 5-10 CCADC 10-15 CACAB 16-20 DBBDD 21- 25 DAADA 26-30 DDBBD

时态

一般现在时

一、动词的第三人称词尾变化：

当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es： 规则 一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读∕s∕，在浊辅音后读∕z∕；在t后读∕ts∕,在d后读∕dz∕。) 以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。 动词原形 play leave swim pass fix teach wish do study 第三人称单数形式 plays leaves swims passes fixes teaches wishes does studies 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。 carry fly carries flies 注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has. 写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。

1. cook _______2.watch________3.build_________4.have________5.wash________ 6. enjoy ______7. go _________8 receive ______9 cry______10. close ________ 11. drive _______ 12. choose ______13. play ________14. reach ________ 二. 一般现在时的用法 1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。

例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。

例如：My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。

My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。

例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place等。

例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。

6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。

If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。

巩固练习：

1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改写成否定句） ________________________________________________________ 2、Aunt Li‘s son has ten toy bears. （对划线部分提问）

________________________________________________________ 3、His watch costs 300 yuan. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答） ________________________________________________________ 4、I like being a nurse for the old. （变成一般疑问句）

________________________________________________________ 5、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。

________________________________________________________ 6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。

________________________________________________________ 7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步。

一般过去时

一、动词过去式的规则变化： 构成规则 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读∕t∕；在浊辅音和元音后读∕d∕；在 ∕t∕,∕d∕后读∕id∕。 结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d 动词原形 look play work like live hope plan stop drop 动词过去式 looked played worked 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed study studies 结尾是“辅音字母＋y‖的worry worries 动词，先变“y‖为“I‖再cry cries 加-ed 注：不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册P142。 写出下列动词的过去式形式。

1. put ________2. drink _______3. cry _______4. pull ________5. ride ________ 6.begin ________7. sit ________8. run _________9. take _________ 10.sweep _______

11. stop _______ 12. solve _______13. rob ________14. wait _________15. lie _________

16. turn _______17. explore _______18. drop _______19. clean ______20. produce _____ 21.get __________22.laugh________23.pay________24.die_________25.prefer ______

二. 一般过去时的用法

1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。 例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。

2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。

例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。 例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？

liked lived hoped planned stopped dropped

巩固练习：

1、Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否定句。)

________________________________________________________ 2、He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________ 3我昨天买了一辆新自行车。

________________________________________________________ 4、我前天读了一本书。

一般将来时

一、一般将来时的构成：助动词will+动词原形

在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为‘ll，will not常简缩为won‘t。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。 例如：She‘ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？ 二、一般将来时的用法

1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。

例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。

例如：I‘ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。 3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps, possibly, maybe等连用。 例如：I think she‘ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。 Maybe she‘ll go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。 三、be going to +不定式，表示将来。

1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。 例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 3、注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。

1两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推○

测；will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。 2两者在时间的发生上，○be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。 例如：He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。 He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。

3两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思；will则指未经过○

预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。

4在条件壮语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。 ○

例如：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

如果你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。

Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师，她会告诉你答案。

四、be +不定式表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 五、be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 巩固练习：

1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________________

2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. （用often改写句子）____________________________________________________ 3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答） ________________________________________________________ 4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。

________________________________________________________ 5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊？

过去将来时

一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形

2、 was/were going to+动词原形 二、过去将来时的用法：

1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。

例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。 2、表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。

例如：Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand. 每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。 巩固练习：

1、He said that he (come)back tonight. 2、I thought it （rain）soon.

现在进行时

一、现在进行时的构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词 二、动词V-ing的构成形式 规则 原形 listen 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing spend stay -ing形式 listening spending staying 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing 以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing 以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ing have prepare close sit begin run put lie die prefer water having preparing closing sitting beginning running putting lying dying preferring watering 写出下列动词的现在分词形式。 1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit 三、现在进行时的用法：

1、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等时间壮语连用。

例如： We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。 2、表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。 例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。 3、表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

4、表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。 5、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。

1表移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）用于现在○

进行时，表示即将要发生动作。

例如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。 2一些持续性动词用于进行时，○表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。

例如：Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 注意:

巩固练习：

1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改写句子）

________________________________________________________ 2、They are surfing. （对划线部分提问）

________________________________________________________ 3、瞧，那些孩子们玩的真高兴！

________________________________________________________ 4、这些天工人们一直在尽力修补那些坏了的帐篷。

________________________________________________________ 用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. Uncle Wang usually _______ (go) to work by bike. 2. Be quiet ! The patient ____________ (sleep).

3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _______________(plant) trees over there. 4、Emily often _______ (help) her mother _________ (wash) clothes on Sunday. 5、______ (not be) afraid, I ____________ (show) you how to reach the station. 6、What ______ you ______________ (do) the day after tomorrow ? 7、There ________ (be) an important meeting in two days. 8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995.

过去进行时

一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：

1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。 例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.

昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。 2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。

例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。

3、在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。

例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳

光灿烂。

4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。

例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .

一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源…… 巩固练习：

1、Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 2、As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell

现在完成时

一、现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 二、过去分词的构成：

过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在动词词尾加-ed；不规则变化的过去分词见九年级下册教科书p74《不规则动词表》。 写出下列动词的过去分词形式。

1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、现在完成时的用法 1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。

例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？

You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。

2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.

例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。

They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。 3、现在完成时需注意的问题：

1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, ○

buy, close,

come, die, fall, find, finish ,join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。 例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）

He has been in the army for five years.(正确) 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.

（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，○如：yesterday, last week ,in 1998,two days ago等。

3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： ○

have/has been to have/has gone to

试举例 ： 4比较一般过去时与现在完成时 ○

一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。

I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员） 巩固练习：

1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 2、-Have you ____ been to our town before? -No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 3、Do you know ________?

A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here

过去完成时

一、过去完成时的构成：助动词had＋动词过去分词 二、过去完成时的用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。

例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。

例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .

我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。 3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want, plan, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。

例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。 巩固练习:

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 3、The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

4、My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find

C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

时态的基本判定方式：

一、时间状语同时态的关系：一般情况下，简单句可根据句中的时间状语确定谓语动词的时态。其判定方式如下： 1、句中含有yesterday; last year（last + 具体时间）; two days ago（一段时间 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 过去的年代）; the other day; over the weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般过去时； 2、句中含有tomorrow; next week（next +具体时间）; in two hours（in +一段时间）; (how) soon; from now on; 10 years from now（一段时间+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +将来的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+将来时间）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般将来时；

3、句中既有yesterday等过去时间状语，又有一个具体时间点（at 5:00; this time; at that time）时，谓语动词用过去进行时； 4、句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段时间）; over the years（over the+一段时间）; since 2005（since+具体时间或从句）; for two years（for+一段时间，句中无其它时间状语）; before（单独用于句尾）等时间状语时，谓语动词用现在完成时；

5、by (the end of) last year（by+过去时间）; two days before（一段时间+before）; for和since说明的时间同时用于句中;by the time + 从句（过去时态）等时间状语时，谓语动词用过去完成时； 6、简单句中如不含上述时间状语或有含说话时间在内的表示现在时间关系的词语时（如now; today; these days等词），其时态的判定一般按以下步骤进行： ------ 句中是否含有表示频率关系的词。如有，用一般现在时； ------ 句子是否说明客观规律。如是，用一般现在时； ------ 句中动词是否表示状况。如是，用一般现在时；

------ 句中动词是否为延续性动态动词。如是，用现在进行时； ------ 句中动词是否为完成性动词（瞬间动词）。如是，用现在完成时。

二、主从句时态的一致性原则：主从复合句可根据其时态一致性原则，通过主从句中任意一个句子的时态确定另外一个句子的时态；含有时间状语从句的主从句还可通过其引导词所表示的不同时间关系，确定主句和从句的时态。

三、通过上下文关系判定时态：另外我们还可以根据并列谓语的时态一致性原则、问句和答语的时态一致关系、无转折时间的短文时态一致原则等上下文时态的关联以及句子的逻辑关系来判定句子中谓语动词的时态。

Exercise

( )1. What _____ you _____ over the weekend?

A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do D. were,; doing ( )2. Xiao Li usually _____ to school by bike last year.

A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going ( )3. What _____ in our town 100 years from now?

A. happened B. is happened C. has happened D. will happen ( )4. Mr. Smith _____ to see you in an hour.

A. came B. has come C. will come D. comes ( )5. _____ you _____ from your parents recently?

A. Did; hear B. Have; heard C. Do; hear D. Will; hear

( )6. We _____ TV at home this time last night.

A. were watching B. watched C. have watched D. would watch ( )7. We _____ over 1500 English words by the end of last month.

A. have learned B. had learned C. will learn D. learnt ( )8. She _____ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992.

A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live ( )9. She _____ in Shanghai for ten years.

A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live ( )10. We all know that the earth _____ round the sun.

A. goes B. went C. is going D. will go

( )11. ―Where are the boys?‖ ―They _____ soccer on the playground.‖ A. play B. are playing C. were playing D. played ( )12. Look! Lucy _____ under the tree.

A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. read ( )13. He _____ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.

A. has collected B. had collected C. collected D. will collect ( )14. Jim _____ a letter to his parents at 7:30 last night.

A. had written B. wrote C. would write D. was writing ( )15. The Smiths _____ in Beijing since two weeks ago.

A. stayed B. were staying C. would stay D. have stayed ( )16. ―When _____ you _____ the bike?‖ ―Last Monday.‖

A. have; bought B. did; buy C. will; buy D. do; buy ( )17. Look! The boy _____English now.

A. likes B. liked C. is liking D. was liking ( )18. Most students in our class _____ TV twice a week.

A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. are watching ( )19. How soon _____ they _____ back from work?

A. do; come B. did; come C. have; come D. will; come

( )20. ―Where _____ you _____ Mr. Li?‖ ―In his office, half an hour ago.‖ A. will; see B. did; see C. have, seen D. do; see ( )21. I _____ a new dictionary. Look! It‘s very useful.

A. bought B. will buy C. have bought D. would buy ( )22. I won‘t watch the movie tonight. I _____ it before.

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. had seen

( )23. Hello! I _____ know you _____ in Chengdu. How long have you been here? A. didn‘t; were B. don‘t are C. didn‘t; are D. don‘t; were ( )24. He _____ a fire and then cooked a meal.

A. had made B. was making C. made D. has made ( )25. If I _____ time tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandfather. A. have B. will have C. would have D. am having ( )26. I‘m going to be a doctor when I _____ up.

A. grow B. will grow C. grew D. am growing ( )27. The film _____ on for five minutes when I got to the cinema. A. has been B. had been C. was D. is ( )28. She _____ dinner when her son came in.

A. has cooked B. had cooked C. was cooking D. would cook

( )29. The train _____ when we got to the station. We had to wait for the next one. A. has left B. had left C. left D. was leaving ( )30. He said that he _____ to the barber‘s tomorrow morning. A. will go B. went C. is going D. would go ( )31. In the last years I _____ a lot of friends. A. have made B. made C. will make D. was making ( )32. The boys _____ for about two hours. A. are playing soccer B. have been playing soccer C. were playing D. play soccer ( )33. He _____ so quickly that he could win the race. A. is running B. will run C. ran D. had run ( )34. He didn‘t go there with us because he _____ there before. A. has been B. had been C. went D. would go ( )35. I don‘t know if he ______ tomorrow. If he _____, I will tell you. A. will come; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. comes; will come

( )36. When I was young, my mother told me that the sun _____ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. had risen ( )37. ―_____ you _____ your work?‖ ―Yes. I finished it an hour ago.‖ A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Will; finish D. Had; finished ( )38. Hurry up, or you _____ the early bus. A. will miss B. has missed C. would miss D. missed ( )39. I _____ Mr. Green while I _____ along the street last Sunday. A. met; walked B. was meeting; walked C. met; was walking D. was meeting; was walking ( )40. Tom is strong and he _____ to school every day. A. walked B. walks C. will walk D. has walked ( )41. He said that he _____ with Mr. Black at that time. A. talked B. was talking C. is talking D. would talk ( )42. We _____ English in this school since we came here. A. have studied B. studied C. had studied D. were studying ( )43. She _____ at home until her mother came back. A. has stayed B. stayed C. had stayed D. will stay ( )44. There will be an interesting movie _____ two days. A. for B. in C. after D. since ( )45. She _____ there until I came back. A. didn‘t leave B. has stayed C. left D. was staying ( )46. It has been raining _____ two hours ago. A. until B. for C. since D. by ( )47. His father _____ since he was two years old. A. has died B. died C. has death D. has been dead ( )48. The meeting _____ for ten minutes when I got there yesterday. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on

( )49. He had collected over 500 stamps _____ he was twelve years old. A. since B. for C. until D. by the time ( )50. I was doing my homework _____ she rang me up last night.

A. when B. while C. since D. before ( )51. ―Where is John?‖ ―He _____ the library.‖ A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been at ( )52. How long _____ you _____ the computer? A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have ; had D. will; buy ( )53. She _____ Shanghai for two days. A. left B. has left C. will leave D. has been away from ( )54. He didn‘t tell me anything about it _____ he left. A. since B. until C. by the time D. while ( )55. She _____ China since she was five years old.

A. has come toB. has arrived at C. has arrived in D. has been in ( )56. I had finished my homework _____ I watched TV last night. A. before B. after C. when D. until ( )57. Miss White has been _____ the music club for 4 years. A. joining B. join C. joined D. in ( )58. What do you think he will _____ ten years? A. be for B. be at C. be to D. be in ( )59. There _____ two football games in our school next week. A. is going to be B. will have C. will be D. is going to have ( )60. They _____ a birthday party next Friday afternoon. A. is going to be B. will be C. will have D. is going to have ( )61. How long have you ____ the pen? A. kept B. bought C. borrowed D. got ( )62. I _____ Mr. Brown since I left Shanghai in 2004. A. have seen B. saw C. haven‘t seen D. didn‘t see ( )63. You don‘t have to describe her. I _____ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ( )64. I _____ a cold for five days. I still can‘t get rid of it. A. caught B. had C. have caught D. have had ( )65. What _____ you _____ at nine o‘clock that morning? A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing D. had; done ( )66. What _____ you _____ by nine o‘clock that morning? A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing D. had; done ( )67. The sign _____, ― No Parking!‖ A. reads B. was read C. is reading D. read

( )68. ―_____ you _____ your lunch?‖ ―Yes. I _____ it at school.‖ A. Did; have; have had B. Have; had; had C. Did; have; had D. Have; had; have ( )69. Lily _____ for her mother until she _____ home. A. will wait; will come B. won‘t wait; comes C. will wait; comes D. waits; will come

( )70. ―Mr. Brown is leaving for a trip.‖ ―Really? Where _____ he _____?‖ A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go

( )71. Tom, you _____ the book for two weeks. You have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept

( )72. ―Have you mended your shoes?‖ ―Yes. I _____ it twenty minutes ago.‖

A. have mended B. mended C. had mended D. will mend ( )73. Mr. Smith _____ to China last year and _____ in love with her. A. goes; falls B. went; fell C. went; felt D. has gone; fell ( )74. If you don‘t go to the meeting tomorrow, _____. A. he will, too B. he won‘t, either C. he does, too D. he doesn‘t, either

( )75. ―Shall we go watching the match?‖ ―Sorry, I can‘t. I _____ my homework.‖ A. do B. have done C. am doing D. did ( )76. The children won‘t go hiking if it _____ next Sunday. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

( )77. ―_____ you _____ to Japan?‖ ―Yes. I will go there next month.‖ A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Are; going D. Did; go ( )78. When I got there, the film _____ for five minutes. A. had been on B. had begun C. was beginning D. began ( )79. Don‘t open the door until the bus _____. A. will stop B. doesn‘t stop C. is stopping D. stops

( )80. ―_____ you _____ to Japan?‖ ―Yes. We went there last year.‖ A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Are; going

形容词

— 概念

用来修饰名词或代词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。 例如：

She is（be动词） a （冠词）beautiful(形容词) girl（名词）. 否定句：She isn't a beautiful girl. 疑问句：Is she a beautiful girl? 肯否回答：Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 汉意：她是一个漂亮的女孩

Is （be动词）there anything（不定代词） wrong（形容词）? 肯定句：There is anything wrong. 汉意：有什么问题吗？

小贴士：形容词wrong修饰不定代词anything时，要放在不定代词的

后面。

— 形容词的分类、

12）性质形容词

这一类形容词能够直接表示事物的性征或特征，有级的变化，并且可以使用程度副词加以修饰。 例如：

cut可爱的， small小， tall高， wonderful奇妙的

13）叙述形容词

这一类形容词又叫表语形容词，没有级的变化，多数以a开头。 由此，我们得出一个等式：叙述形容词 = 表语形容词 例如：

以a开头的叙述形容词：

alone 孤单的，afraid害怕的，alive活着的，awake醒着的 不是以a开头的单词： worth有......价值的

14）其他形容词

这类形容词只用来说明事物间的关系或事物的用途、时间、方位。这

类形容词没有级的变化，也不能用程度副词修饰。 例如（单词）：

Chinese中国的，eastern东方的，different不同的 句子:

I have been here for a long time. 我在这儿好长时间了。

15）名词作形容词使用

一些表示物质和用途的名词可以用于修饰另一个名词而起到形容词的作用。 例如：

This is a stone table.

复数句：These are some stone tables. 汉意：这是一张石头桌子。

We will have a class meeting at four o'clock. 汉意：我们四点将要召开一次班会。 I go to school by school bus. 汉意：我乘校车去上学。

2）形容词的排列顺序

有时名词前面的修饰语不止一个，它们往往有固定的排列顺序：数词+描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）+出处+材料性质、类别+

名词。 例如：

A small round table .一张小圆桌 A tall gray building .一栋灰色高楼

A dirty old brown shirt.一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫 A famous German medical school一所著名德国医疗学校

An expensive Japanese sports car. 一辆昂贵的日本运动型汽车 为什么要用an而不用a或the？

因为在“a/an+形容词+单数名词”的用法中，判断用a还是用an是看紧跟在后面的形容词首字母的发音，a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面。 例如：

An [e]elephant 一头大象

A [s]strong elephant 一头强壮的大象

四． 形容词的比较级和最高级

１．形容词等级的构成形式 （１）规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 taller 最高级 tallest 一般单音节词末尾加tall(高的) -er,-est great(巨大的) greater nicer larger abler bigger hotter greatest nicest largest ablest biggest hottest 以不发音的e结尾的单并nice(好的) 且时节和少数以－le结large(大的) 尾的双音节词只加-r,-st. able(有能力的) 以一个辅音字母结尾闭big(容易的) 音节词，双写结尾的辅音hot（热的） 字母，再加-er, -est “辅音字母＋y”结尾的easy(容易的)busy忙的 双音节词，改y为i，再加-er, -est easier busier easiest busiest 少数以-er, -ow结尾的双clever(聪明的)narrow（窄的） cleverer 音节末尾加-er, -est narrower cleverest narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级。 原级 important(重要的) beautiful(漂亮的) （２）不规则变化 原级 good(好的) well(健康的) bad(坏的) ill(有病的) old（老的） older elder many much（多的） little(少的) far(远的) less farther least farthest more oldest eldest most worse worst 比较级 better 最高级 best 比较级 more important more beautiful 最高级 most important most beautiful

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/pde5.html