2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注

Subjunctive mood

(P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句

14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness

C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness

V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度 , 而非过去时间 , 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气 on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me?

B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help .

Want, wonder, think, hope

The other is what we call the hypothetical past. The simple past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses following such constructions as It?s time…. I wish I?d rather Suppose As if

15. “If I were you, I wouldn?t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______.183 A. alleviate hostility B. express unfavorable feelings C. indicate uncertainty D. make a suggestion

Were-subjunctive has only on form were, which applies to subjects of all persons, is hypothetical or unreal in meaning If, if only, as if, as though, though, Wish, would rather, suppose, imagine, As it were( so to speak)宛如，好比

54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 186 2007 A.had received B.received

C.should receive D.were receiving

正确答案为A). If only引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是…该多好啊!”. 与现在的事实相反的则if only后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时had done. 这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时. 句意: 如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.

51. If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you! 2006 P 186 P192

A would B could C should D might

52. 正确答案为B). could表示能够,是一种一般能力. 表示具体能力用 be able to . p. 192 If only引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!”. 句意: 要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊! 3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can. （2005年51题）2015 A. would be C. was

B. will have been D. were

15. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _______ able to advise you much better than I can. (2015)(395/381)2005

A. will be B. was

C. would be D. were

[译文]如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。[考点]虚拟语气。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反，所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。B，C不用于虚拟语气；D．were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。

9．___ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? （2004年44题）

A. Would you be surprised

C. Had you been surprised surprised

44．答案：A 参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？

试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。 详细解答：这是一个错综时间条件句。条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。

10．All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there. （2000年49题） A. weren?t C. hadn?t been

B. hasn?t been D. wouldn?t be

B. Were you surprised D. Would you have been

[解析]考点：虚拟语气。由于主句中使用了 would have done，即表示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 had done。[译文]若不是那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。

11. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. （1998年43题） A. shall need B. should need C. would need

D. will need

情态动词。should可以表示语气较强的假设，出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上。例如：

a．If you should change your mind，please let us know． b．Should you be interested，I have a book on the subject you might like to see．

should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，表示“万一”、“假若”。shall有类似用法，用于if、when等引导的从句中，表示将来的可能性，不过语气太强。例如：

c．If you shall ever change your opinion，come to me again． should如果用在以if和in case引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发生。有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装，把should放在句首。 [译文]如果你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题，请与授权经销商交涉。

12. ____ , I will marry him all the same. (2004年42题)票

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