2012自考英语二 Unit 2

Unit 2 Mistake to Success

A Famous Quote

Success is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.

——Winston Churchill 成功就是经历一次一次失败后，热情依旧。

——温斯顿·丘吉尔

TEXT A Spilt Milk New Words

spill （spilt） v. （使）洒出，泼出，溢出 respond v. 作出反应，响应

interview v. （媒体）采访；访问; 面试 creative adj. 创造（性）的；创作的 occur v. 发生；出现

remove v. 移开；拿开；去掉 refrigerator n. 冰箱 grip n. 紧握；紧抓

slippery adj. 滑的；滑的抓不住（或站不稳，难以行走）的 content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物

veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 yell v. 喊；大喊；吼叫

lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 eventually adv. 最后；终于

restore v. 使复原；使复位，使复职 sponge n. 海绵块

effectively adv. 有效的 tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 discover v. 查明；发现 grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 lip n. 边，边沿

renowned adj. 有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的 remark v. 谈论；评论 opportunity n. 机会；时机

scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的 valuable adj. 很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的 Phrases and Expressions

in this manner 用这种方式

set …apart from 区别；使与众不同

重点词汇讲解

spill v. （使）洒出，泼出，溢出

eg: The ink spilt all over the desk. 墨水洒了一桌子。 Who has spilt/spilled the milk? 谁把牛奶泼出来了? 用法：

cry over spilt milk 为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔 eg: You've broken it now; it's no use crying over spilt milk! 你现在既已把它损坏了，后悔是没有用的! interview v. （媒体）采访；访问

eg: We interviewed 20 people for the job. 为这份工作我们对20人进行了面试。

衍生：

inter- 在…之间 internet 互联网 international 国际的 interview 面试 -ee 动作的受动者

interviewee n. （面试中）受审核者；被接见者；被采访者 employee 雇员，examinee 考生 -er 动作的执行者

interviewer n. 主持面试者；接见者；采访者 employer雇主，examiner 考官 re- = again = 再 rename 重命名 replace 替代

remove v. 移开；拿开；去掉 用法：

~ sth./sb. （from sth.）

eg: remove the dishes （from the table） （从餐桌上）撤去碗碟 restore v. 使复原；使复位，使复职 用法：

~ sb./sth. to sth.

eg: restore sacked workers to their old jobs 使被解雇的工人复工 remark v. 谈论；评论 用法：

~ on/upon sth./ sb.

eg: I couldn't help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。

Spilt Milk

Have you heard of the story about spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.

打翻的牛奶

你是否听过打翻的牛奶的故事?我们都知道为已经打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。不过这次的故事不同。我希望所有父母都能作出如此回应。

I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?

最近我听到一个故事，故事的主角是一个在医学领域取得多项重大突破的知名科学

家。在一次报社记者对他的采访中，记者问他为什么他比普通人更富有创造力，是什么让他如此与众不同。

He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor — a veritable (十足的) sea of milk!

他回答道，在他看来，这全部源于他两岁时和妈妈的一次共同的经历。他试图从冰

箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是——白花花的一片。

When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, \what a great wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?\

他妈妈走进厨房时，没有对他大吼大叫，没有训斥他或惩罚他，而是对他说：“罗伯

特，瞧你把地板弄得，多么的壮观啊!我几乎从未见过这么大的一摊牛奶。噢，既然损失已经造成了，你要不要下来玩一会牛奶我们再打扫?”

Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, \know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?\they cleaned up the spilt milk.

他真的在一地的牛奶上玩了一会儿。几分钟后，妈妈又说：“罗伯特，你要知道，每次像这样搞得一团糟，最终还是要收拾干净，让一切恢复原位。所以，你看该怎么打扫好呢?我们可以使用一块海绵、一条毛巾或者一个拖把。你喜欢用哪一个呢?”他选择了海绵，并和妈妈一起把地板上的牛奶打扫干净。

His mother then said, \failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.\grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!

他妈妈接着对他说：“你知道，今天我们实际上做了个实验——如何用两只小手稳妥地端一个大的牛奶瓶，可惜我们的实验失败了。那我们去后院继续做实验吧，给瓶子里装上水，看看你能不能发现用什么方法端这个瓶子它不会掉。”于是这个小男孩学会了用双

手抓住瓶子上面靠近瓶盖的位置，这样端的时候瓶子就不会掉。多么美妙的一堂课!

The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about(真谛). Even if the experiment \learn something valuable from it.

这位著名的科学家谈论道，正是在那一刻他明白了无需害怕犯错误。相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。’即使实验“行不通”，我们往往也能从中得到一些宝贵的经验。

Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond （in）the way Robert's mother responded to him?

如果所有家长都像罗伯特的妈妈那样对待孩子该有多好啊。

EXERCISES

I Check your comprehension

1. This is a story about a famous research scientist who __ __. A）looked smarter than the average person B）was an unordinary boy when he was young C）became well-known after an interview D）achieved great success in the medical field 【正确答案】D

【答案解析】本题是对这则故事主人公身份事迹的考查。我们可以从课文 第二段第一句中找到答案——who had made several very important medical breakthroughs，即一个在医学领域颇有成就的著名科学家，因此答案为D. 2. Why did he get the milk spilt all over the kitchen floor? A）He failed to remove the bottle and it fell. B）He was too young to carry the heavy bottle. C）He had no confidence in taking the bottle. D）He loosed his grip on the bottle deliberately. 【正确答案】A

【答案解析】本题是对细节的考查。我们可以从课文第三段第二句找到答案，he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, 因为他没有抓住光 滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，因此A正确；D项前面说法正确，但是deliberately

意为“故意地”，明显不合文意。答案为A. 3. How did his mother respond to his mistake?

A）She punished him by making him clean the kitchen. B）She shouted to stop him from doing anything. C）She allowed him to play in the milk first.

D）She taught him how to carry the bottle immediately. 【正确答案】C

【答案解析】本题是综合细节考查题。答案需要阅读第四段全文，归纳得出，问题问的是妈妈对他的错误的反应，从第四段关键词语可以得出， 当他妈妈赶到厨房，非但没有朝他喊叫，训斥他或是责罚他，还让他到

牛奶堆里玩，因此C为正确答案。答案为C.

4. The mother and the son went out in the back yard to ______. A）find some water to clean the bottle

B）find a way to carry the bottle effectively C）search for another bottle to hold the milk D）see how to fill the bottle without dropping it 【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题着重考查细节。我们首先可以找出提问句子是在文章第六段第二句，答案在其后面，see if you can discover a way to carry it

without dropping it，译为“看是否能够找到一个方法来拿住它而不掉下来”，因此正确答案为B.

5. It is said in the passage that mistakes give chances to ______. A）know the truth clearly B）learn something new C）do some experiments D）teach a child a lesson 【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题是对文章主旨的考查。通过阅读文章第七段第二句可以得到答案，即he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning

something new，译为“他认识到了这些错误正是从中学习新知识的机会”。因此B为正确答案。

III Bridging the Gap

without fear under unavoidable so that success reach wisely as long as between

Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They （1）_______ that they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be （2）_____a lot of stress. But risks are （3）______ and they do pave the way you must tread upon towards （4）_________.

【正确答案】（1）fear （2）under （3）unavoidable （4）success

【答案解析】（1）联系上下文可以知道，上文译为很多人害怕犯错，下文译为他们被嘲笑责备，由此可以得出，空格处应填入表示害怕意思的动词，因此答案为fear.

（2）本题考查动词词组的固定搭配。under stress 意为“承受压力， 在压力之下”。答案为under.

（3）从下文意思可以看出，每个成功的人都曾犯过错，因此risk （风险）是不可避免的，unavoidable 意为“不可避免的”。答案为unavoidable. （4）由空格前半句的含义可知，此处应填入toward表示动作行为的所向目的地——成功。答案为success.

Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success （5）______making any mistakes before?

【正确答案】（5）without

【答案解析】（5）从整句话可以看出，此处只能填入一个介词，引导 后面的现在进行时态表示伴随状态，只有without 合适。答案为without.

So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to （6）______your dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish （7）______the correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. 【正确答案】（6）reach （7）between

【答案解析】（6）to引导的不定式做主语，此处应填入能与dream 搭配的动词， reach your dreams固定搭配，意为“实现你的理想”。答案为reach. （7）此处考查动词的固定短语搭配。distinguish between“把……

和……区别开”，题中译为“把你做的正确的部分和错误的部分区别开”。答案为between.

Anthony D' Angelo said: \（8）______you know what to do the next time\and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: \good spirits.\

【正确答案】（8）so that

【答案解析】（8）此处考查so that的用法。so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便、为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should 等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用

can和may等词，在so that 前可以用逗号，意思是“因此、所以”。答案为 so that.

You needn't worry about anything （9）_______you keep on going by （10）_____ learning from your mistakes and trying even harder. 【正确答案】（9）as long as （10）wisely

【答案解析】（9）本题考查as long as的用法。表示on condition that, provided that或if（只要，如果）的含义，引导条件状语从句。答案为as long as. （10）由空格处上下文可看出，此处应填入一个副词修饰动词

learning，观察备选词，只有wisely 符合，意为“明智地，聪明地”。答案为wisely.

IV Translation Section A

1.They are likely to ___________________（积极回应总统的请求）.（respond to） 【正确答案】respond to the President actively/ in an active manner

【答案解析】此处需要翻译的是to后面的部分，因为to后面只能接动 词原形，因此“回应”译为respond to ，“积极”译为actively 或in an active

manner，答案为respond to the President actively/in an active manner,

2.He blends right into the crowd of teenagers and ___________________________ （只是他的口音与众不同）.（set…apart from）

【正确答案】only his accent sets him apart from others

【答案解析】此题考查set…apart的用法，“与……不同”，后面跟介词 from；he做主语，后面跟两个宾语动词blend to 和set apart；accent是

名词，“口音”。答案为only his accent sets him apart from others.

3._______________________ （我从来没有见过这么美丽的落日）.（rarely） 【正确答案】I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset

【答案解析】本题考查现在完成时态，其由“have/has + 过去分词”构成，表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语， 有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用。答案为I have rarely seen

such a beautiful sunset.

4.The government is trying to ______________________________________（恢复人们对国家经济的信心）.（restore）

【正确答案】restore people's confidence in national economy

【答案解析】restore译为“恢复”。confidence 后面接介词in，意为 “对……有信心”。答案为restore people's confidence' in national

economy.

5.On several occasions __________（她都谈到了这个男孩的进步）.（remark） 【正确答案】she remarked on the boy's progress

【答案解析】此处考查remark 固定词组搭配。remark on“谈论；评论”； that 后面引导的是名词性从句。答案为 she remarked on the progress

that the boy had made.

Text B The Cake

New Words

glance v. 瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视 touch n. 修饰；润色；装点 frost v. 给（糕饼）覆上糖霜

aesthetic adj. 审美的；有审美观点的；美学的 triumph n.. 巨大成功；伟大胜利

lumpy adj. 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的 frosting n. 糖霜（用以装饰糕饼等） blender n. （电动）食物搅拌器 fixings n. [pl.]（菜肴的）配料

requisite adj. 必需的；必备的；必不可少的 utensil n. （家庭）用具，器皿

phoenix n. （传说中的）凤凰；长生鸟

clutter n. 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱 present v. 把…交给；颁发；授予 anniversary n. 周年纪念日 flash n. 闪光；闪耀

position v. 安置；安装；使处于；定位 slide v. （使）快捷而悄声地移动

explode v. 突然爆发，迸发（感情）(explosion, explosive) slip v. 悄悄疾行；溜

flip v. 按（开关）；按（按钮） trumpet v. 发出喇叭声

gesture v. 做手势；用手势表示 grandly adv. 骄傲地；自负地 slightly adv. 略微；稍微

off-balance adj. 不平衡的；不稳定的 layer n. 层；表层

inspection n. 检查；查看；审视 moan v. 抱怨

interject v. 打断（别人的讲话）；插话

gently adv. in a gentle way 温柔地；温和地；和缓地 disaster n. 灾难；不幸；彻底失败 storm v. 气呼呼地疾走 slam v. （使…）砰地关上 silently adv. 悄悄地；静静地

moist adj. slight wet 微湿的；湿润的

suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的 issue n. 重要议题；争论的问题

significance n. （尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义 stuff n. 东西，物品，玩意儿

awfully adv. very; extremely 非常；极其 troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的 deserve v. 值得；应得；应受

frustration n. 令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）的事物 carpet n. 地毯

emerge v. 露头；显现

dignity n. 自豪；自尊；自重 sanitation n. 卫生

sacrifice n. 牺牲；舍弃

tender adj. 易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的 responsibility n. 责任；负责

occasionally adv. 偶然；偶尔；有时候 consequence n. 结果；后果 Phrases and Expressions

start from scratch 从头开始；从零开始 run out of 用完；耗尽 stay up 熬夜

重点词汇

explode v. 突然爆发，迸发（感情） 用法：~ with/ in/ into sth.

eg: He exploded with rage, fury, jealousy, etc.

他勃然大怒﹑ 暴跳如雷﹑ 妒火中烧等

She exploded into loud laughter. 她突然大笑起来。 其他词义：

（cause sth. to） burst with a loud noise; blow up （使某物）爆炸；炸开 eg: When the boiler exploded many people were injured.

因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。

衍生

explosive adj. 爆炸性的；易爆炸的 eg: explosive materials 爆炸材料 explosive n. 爆炸物；炸药

eg: The bomb was packed with high explosive, i.e. a substance that explodes with great force. 这炸弹装有烈性炸药。 explosion n. 激增；爆炸

eg: a population explosion 人口激增

the explosion of oil prices 石油价格的急剧上涨 inspection n. 检查；查看；审视

eg: An inspection was carried out at the school.

学校接受了一次检查。

衍生

inspect v.

（a） 检查（某事物）

eg: The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously.

海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。

（b） 视察（某事物）

eg: inspect a school, factory, regiment, etc. 视察学校﹑ 工厂﹑ 团队等 构词 词根

spec, spic, specul = to look, to see 看

expect 期待 inspect 检查 suspect 怀疑 respect 尊敬 despise 轻视 spectacle 奇观

spectacular 奇妙的 spectator 观众 prospect 前景

suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 用法：~ from

eg: Do you suffer from （i.e. often have） headaches? 你常头痛吗? 衍生

suffering n. 痛苦

eg: the suffering of the refugees after the war 战后难民的痛苦 deserve v. 值得；应得；应受

eg: She deserves a reward for her efforts. 她积极努力，应得到奖赏。 They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应该入狱。 responsibility n. 责任；负责 用法：~ for sb./ sth.

eg: take/assume/accept/bear full responsibility for the consequences 对后果承担全部责任 衍生

responsible adj. （在法律上或道义上）须负责任，承担责任 ~ for sb./sth. ； ~ for doing sth.

eg: All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. 凡是飞机驾驶员均

应对乘客的安全负责。

~ to sb./sth. having to account for one's actions to an authority or a superior 对自己的行动向主管者或上级承担责任

eg: be directly/indirectly responsible to the President 直接/间接向总统负责 词类转换

副词词尾-ly adj. + -ly = adv grandly adv. 骄傲地；自负地

eg: He grandly suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.

他派头很大地建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。

grand adj. 宏伟的；壮丽的；大的；伟大的；重大的（也用于地名﹑ 建筑物名等）

eg: It's not a very grand house, just a little cottage. 那不是深宅大院，只不过是个小农舍。

slightly adv. a little（ 略微，稍微） eg: slightly bigger house 稍大些的房子

slight 不严重的；不重要的；微小的；轻微的

eg：a slight slip/error/change/improvement 轻微的失误/错误/变化/改进 gently adv. in a gentle way 温柔地；温和地；和缓地 eg: speak to sb. gently 对某人轻声细语地谈话

gentle adj. 温和的；慈祥的；小心的；温柔的；文雅的；轻轻的 eg: a gentle person/manner/voice/look 温和的人/ 举止/声音/样子 silently adv. 悄悄地；静静地

eg: He sat silently by the bed. 他悄悄地坐在床边。 silent adj. 寂静的；无声的

eg: The children went out, and the room was silent. 孩子们出去了，房间里十分安静。

awfully adv. 非常；极其

eg: Thanks awfully for the present. 万分感谢您的厚礼. awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的

eg: an awful accident/experience/shock/etc. 可怕的事故﹑经历﹑打击等 名词转换成动词

frost v. 给（糕饼）覆上糖霜

eg: She was frosting the chocolate cake. 她在给巧克力饼上糖霜。 其他含义： 结霜

eg: The car windscreen frosted over during the night.

汽车的挡风玻璃在夜间结了霜。

frost n. 霜

eg: The windscreen was covered with frost. 挡风玻璃上结了霜。 position v. 安置；安装；使处于

eg: position the aerial for the best reception

把天线安装在接收效果最好的位置上

position n. 位置；方位

eg: From his position on the cliff top, he had a good view of the harbour.

他位于悬崖顶上，可以把海湾看得清清楚楚。

trumpet v. 发出喇叭声

eg: If an elephant trumpets, it makes a loud noise. 大象叫的声音很大。 trumpet n. 小号；喇叭

eg: hear a distant trumpet 听到远处的小号声 gesture v. 做手势；用手势表示

eg: He gestured （to me） that it was time to go. 他向我示意该走了。 gesture n. 姿势；手势

eg: make a rude gesture 做出粗野的姿势 storm v. 气呼呼地疾走

eg: After the argument she stormed off. 经过争论之后她愤然离开。 storm n. 风暴；暴风雨；暴风雪；雷暴天气

eg: a `thunder-/`wind-/`rain-/`snow-/`dust-/`sand-storm

雷暴/ 风暴 /雨暴 /雪暴 /尘暴 /沙暴]

Text B The Cake

Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.

蛋糕

辛迪紧张地瞥了一眼挂在厨房墙壁上的时钟，还有5分钟就到午夜了。

\should be home any time now,\she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake she was frosting. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn't exactly an aesthetic triumph. The cake was…well, lumpy. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.

“现在，他们随时都会回来。”她一边想着，一边在巧克力蛋糕上抹上最后一些糖霜。这是她从小到大12年来第一次尝试制作蛋糕，完全是从头学起。不过说实话，蛋糕至少从审美角度说不算成功。这块蛋糕??嗯，看起来凹凸不平。糖霜是苦的，好像她把糖或者别的什么东西都用光了。当然，糖的确是用光了。

And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine a huge blender filled with all the fixings for chocolate cake — including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on. High speed. With the lid off. Do you get the idea?

再看看她把厨房搞成什么样了。想象一个巨大的搅拌机，里面盛着制作蛋糕的全部原料——包括必备的锅、碗及其他器皿。再想象一下这个搅拌机开动了，高速运转，盖子是打开着的。你能想象出这是什么样的场景吗?

But Cindy wasn't thinking about the mess. She had created something, a

veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.

但辛迪没有考虑这些混乱。她创造了某件东西，一只用面粉和糖做成的十足的凤凰正

从厨房的一片狼藉中升起。她焦急地等待着父母约会后回来，以便她能将自己的周年纪念礼物送给他们。她关掉厨房的灯，在黑暗中兴奋地等待着。终于，她看见汽车头灯在闪烁，她在厨房门口站定。当她听到钥匙插进前门锁孔的声音时，她的心激动得几乎要蹦出来了!

Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that(不接受). She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: “Ta-daaa!\She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.

父母尽量放轻脚步，悄悄地走进门来，但辛迪可不管那些。她激动地用手指按下电灯开关，大声叫道：“看!”她庄严地向厨房的餐桌打了个手势，一个稍微有点不平衡的双层蛋糕正在等待着他们的检阅。

But her mother's eyes never made it all the way to the table. \mess!\cleaning up after yourself?\

但是母亲的眼睛压根儿就没有向餐桌那边看去。“看看你搞得什么啊!”母亲埋怨道，“我给你说了多少次吃完饭要随手收拾干净?” \

\you clean this up right now, but I'm too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right,\in the morning.\

\take a look at the table.\

“可是妈妈，我只是??”

“我现在就想让你立刻收拾干净，但是今天太累了，没法熬夜监督你干活，”母亲说，“你明早起床第一件事就是收拾厨房。” “亲爱的”，辛迪的父亲小声提醒道，“看看餐桌。”

\— it's a mess,\can't stand to look at it.\stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.

“我知道——餐桌上一团糟”，母亲冷冷地说，“整个厨房简直就是一场灾难。我实

在是看不下去。”她气冲冲地上了楼梯，进了房间，砰的一声把门关上。

For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say（独立主格结构）. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. \

辛迪和父亲静立片刻，两人都不知该说什么。最后辛迪抬头看着父亲，发红的眼睛

里含着泪水。“她根本没看到蛋糕”，她说。

Unfortunately, Cindy's mother isn't the only parent who suffers from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma（青光眼）— the occasional inability to see the forest for the trees. From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seems awfully important right now, but isn't. Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place among life's frustrations. But what's a little mud — even on new carpet — compared to a child's self-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster's emerging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?

不幸的是，辛迪的母亲不是唯一一个这样的父母，他们患有情景性森林青光眼——临

时性地只见树木不见森林。由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情，我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。沾上泥的鞋、丢了的午餐费、脏乱的厨房，这些东西是很讨厌，值得让人沮丧一阵子了。但是和孩子的自尊心相比，一个泥点——哪怕是粘在了新铺的地毯上——又能算什么呢?丢失的一美元难道比一个孩子成长中的尊严更宝贵?厨房的卫生固然重要，可是值得为此牺牲温柔的亲情吗?

I'm not saying that our children don't need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequences of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we're not just teaching lessons — we're teaching children. That means there are times when we really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only （need）to see the cake.

我不是说我们的孩子不需要学会负责任，不需要有时为自己错误的选择付出痛苦的

代价。这些道理也很重要，需要认真教授于他们。但是作为父母，我们不要忘了我们一不仅仅是在教课——我们是在教孩子。这意味着有时候我们确实要看到厨房的脏乱，而有时候我们只需看到蛋糕。

Exercises

Checking Your Comprehension Section A

（ ）1. Cindy made a delicious fruit cake all by herself the first time in her 12 years.

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】回到文章第二段第二句，我们可以看出，这是Cindy 在12 年来第一次做蛋糕，但是从第三句可以看出，蛋糕并不delicious（美味），

the frosting was bitter，蛋糕是苦的，因此本句说法错误。答案为N.

（ ）2. Cindy worried lot about the mess even though she had created something.

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】问题译为Cindy很担心她制造的混乱。我们从课文第 四段首句可以看出， Cindy并没有考虑这种杂乱的状况。因此本题

说法错误。答案为N.

（ ）3. Her parents failed to slip in quietly for Cindy would give them a surprise.

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】本题译为她父母没能悄悄地进来，因为Cindy 给了他们一 个惊喜。课文第五段首句及第二句说明，他们试图悄悄进来，但Cindy 按

下灯开关，吹响小喇叭，因此本题说法正确。答案为Y. （ ）4. Her mother didn't notice the cake because she only focused on the mess in the kitchen. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】从课文第六段第一句可以得出，她妈妈的眼睛根本没往

桌子上看，只关注到了厨房的混乱，因此本题说法正确。答案为Y. （ ）5. All parents are suffering from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma all the time.

【正确答案】NG

【答案解析】本题译为所有的父母都患有情境结核性青光眼。课文第十二段 首句说道，并不是只有Cindy的妈妈患有情境结核性青光眼，但文中并没有

提到所有父母都患有此病，因此本题说法文中没提到。答案为NG.

（ ）6. A little mud even on new carpet doesn't matter much compared to a child's self-esteem. 【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】从课文第十二段倒数第三句可以得出本题结论，一个小泥点， 即使是沾在了新地毯，和孩子的自尊心相比也不算什么，因此本题说法正

确。答案为Y.

Section B

1. After Cindy finished her cake, the kitchen looked _____________________. 【正确答案】like a blender

【答案解析】问题译为Cindy做完蛋糕后，厨房看起来_______。从课文 第三段可以得出，厨房是很混乱的，像一个搅拌器那样，什么都有，很混乱。答案为like a blender.

2.Cindy was excitedly waiting for her parents so as to present ____to them. 【正确答案】 anniversary gift

【答案解析】定位到课文第四段第三句“she could present her anniversary

gift to them”，据此，空格应填入anniversary gift.

3. Her mother never looked at the cake on the table but__________________. 【正确答案】 looked at the mess

【答案解析】我们可以从课文第6段第2句话得出答案，\ mess!\，再根据问题句子前面的过去时语态，因此应填入looked at the

mess。答案为looked at the mess.

4. Her father stood wordlessly because he didn't know_______________. 【正确答案】what to say

【答案解析】课文第十一段第一句可以得出，Cindy和她爸爸静静地站 了几分钟，他俩谁也不知该说什么。因此此处应填入what to say ，意为爸爸不知道说什么。答案为what to say.

5. Parents may sometimes permit themselves to be unaware of issues of______. 【正确答案】long-term significance

【答案解析】我们可以从课文第十二段第二句得出答案，“we allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance”。答案为long-term significance.

6. Parents should always remember that they are ____________________. 【正确答案】 teaching children

【答案解析】课文最后一段第三句说明，“we must never forget we are teaching children”，意为我们不能忘记我们在教育孩子。答案为teaching

children.

II Building Your Vocabulary. Section A

1. I'm _________________upset that she forgot my birthday. （slight, slightly） 【正确答案】slightly

【答案解析】译文：我稍微有点沮丧，她忘记了我的生日。空格词语修

饰形容词upset，因此应填入副词slightly（稍微地）。答案为slightly.

2. He needed surgery to cure a ________back injury.（trouble, troublesome ） 【正确答案】troublesome

【答案解析】译文：他需要手术治疗背部____损伤。空格处的词修饰名词词

组back injury，因此应填入形容词troublesome（麻烦的）。答案为troublesome. 3. Steven used to visit him for the _________ days and weekends. （occasional , occasionally）

【正确答案】occasional

【答案解析】译文：Steven曾经偶尔或周末去拜访他。空格处的词修

饰名词days，应填入形容词occasional （偶尔的）。答案为occasional. 4. The documents are available for public __________. （inspect, inspection） 【正确答案】inspection

【答案解析】译文：这些文件公共审查可以用。public是形容词，后面

空格应填入名词inspection（审查）。答案为inspection.

5. Last month's bad weather was __________for the crop failure. （responsible, responsibility）

【正确答案】responsible

【答案解析】译文：上月的糟糕天气应该为农作物减产负责。be动词 was后面的空格处填入的词应该是形容词词性，填入responsible（负责任的）。答案为responsible.

6. Despite all my efforts, my carefully planned party turned out to be a complete________. （disaster, disastrous） 【正确答案】disaster

【答案解析】译文：虽然我尽了全力，但是我精心准备的聚会成了一个完 全的____。空格处填入的词在形容词complete后面，因此应填入名词词性的disaster。答案为disaster. Section B

significance deserve issue glance frustration present emerge awfully

1. The mayor _____ _ him with a gold medal at an official city reception. 【正确答案】presented

【答案解析】present sb. with sth.是固定词组搭配，“将某物赠与某人， 赠送某人某物”。因为“赠送”的动作发生在过去，因此应该用一般过去

时态presented, 答案为presented.

2. I could sense his ______________ at not being able to help. 【正确答案】frustration

【答案解析】空格处的词为sense的宾语，应该为名词，根据后面句 子意思“没法提供帮助”，可知前面空格处应填入表示负面意思的词，

frustration 意为“沮丧、懊恼”，符合题意。答案为frustration. 3. It's a/an ________________ long time since we last saw each other. 【正确答案】awfully

【答案解析】译文：自从我们最后一次见面后，很长时间没见了。空格处的词修饰形容词long，应填入副词词性的awfully，表示程度“很、非常”。答案为awfully.

4. Chris __________________ our special thanks for all his efforts. 【正确答案】 deserved

【答案解析】译文：Chris所做的努力值得我们的特别感谢。空格处 填入的词在句中做宾语，应填入动词词性的词deserve；事情已经发

生过，因此用一般过去时态。答案为deserved.

5. Ideas about the social_______________ of religion have changed over time. 【正确答案】 significance 【答案解析】译文：宗教的社会重要性观念早就转变了。形容词social

后面的空格应填入名词。答案为significance.

6.Could you_________________ through this letter and see if it's alright? 【正确答案】 glance

【答案解析】译文：你能浏览下这封信有没有问题吗？glance through

是固定词组，意为“浏览、匆匆看一遍”。答案为glance. Section C

1. We'll have to do the whole thing again _______________ scratch. 【正确答案】 from

【答案解析】译文：我们将要再次从头开始做整件事。本题考查固

定词组from scratch，意为“白手起家；从头做起”。答案为from.

2. Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running _________________. 【正确答案】 out

【答案解析】译文：情况越来越糟，但是物资却快要用完了。run out

固定搭配，意思是“用完、用光”。答案为out.

3 .The children exploded _______________ giggles when seeing the clown. 【正确答案】 with

【答案解析】译文：当看到小丑的时候，孩子们突然爆发出咯咯的

笑声。explode with是固定搭配，“爆发、突发”。答案为with.

4. He tried to use his own weight to push the attacker off but he was ___ balance. 【正确答案】off

【答案解析】译文：他试图用自己的重量把进攻者推走，但是他失去

平衡了。off balance是固定搭配，意思是“失去平衡”。答案为off. 5. I used to stay _____________ late with my mom and watch movies. 【正确答案】 up

【答案解析】译文：我曾经和我妈妈一起熬夜看电影。stay up 是固

定词语搭配，意思是“熬夜”。答案为up.

6. The discovery of the new drug is___________ great significance for people. 【正确答案】of

【答案解析】译文：新药品的发现对人类有重大意义。be of + n.结构相当于

形容词的作用，因此横线处填of，意思是“有重大意义的”。答案为of. IV Writing Section A

Directions: The following sentences are grammatically incorrect or incoherent. Improve them.

1. Sir Humphry Davy was an excellent literary critic as well as being a great scientist.

【正确答案】Sir Humphry Davy was an excellent literary critic as well as a great scientist.

【答案解析】being 和前面的was使用重复，因此应该删去being。答

案为Sir Humphry Davy was an excellent literary critic as well as a great scientist.

2. Roger plays with rabbits but also hunts them. This is one reason why Roger likes rabbits.

【正确答案】Roger plays with rabbits but also hunts them. This is the reason why Roger likes rabbits.

【答案解析】why引导的从句对前面的先行词起解释作用，因此要用

定冠词the。答案为Roger plays with rabbits but also hunts them. This is the reason why Roger likes rabbits.

3. Hanging by their tails from the branches, the children gazed at the monkeys. 【正确答案】The children gazed at the monkeys, whose tails were hung from the branches.

【答案解析】前后两个句子的主语要保持一致，很明显本题两个句子主 语分别为monkeys 和children，可换为以children为主语，以定语从句的形式引出从句。答案为：The children gazed at the monkeys, whose tails were hung from the branches.

4. Last night I had my first taste of sake（日本清酒）. It is a Japanese beverage made from rice.

【正确答案】Last night I had my first taste of sake, which is a Japanese beverage made from rice. 【答案解析】which引导的宾语从句，修饰先行词sake，答案为：Last night I had my first taste of sake, which is a Japanese beverage made from rice.

5. John Wayne was the biggest box-office attraction of his time who appeared in over 200 movies.

【正确答案】John Wayne, who appeared in over 200 movies, was the

biggest box-office attraction of his time.

【答案解析】后面的定语从句修饰的先行词应为John Wayne，因此应 将其调到主语之后。答案为：John Wayne, who appeared in over 200

movies, was the biggest box-office attraction of his time. Section B

Directions: Supply a topic sentence for the following paragraph.

______________________________________________. A good starting point is narrowing down the type of car you want or need. Be realistic. You may envision yourself cruising around town in a little convertible, but that won't leave much room for the kids and dogs. Once you've settled on the basic vehicle, do some research to find out which vehicles have good reliability ratings. The Internet and books can help you pick out the high maintenance turkeys. The next step is finding

the model you are looking for. Used car lots will give you an idea of price, but they can be expensive and full of used car salesmen. Check your local paper, car buyers' magazines and the Internet. When you finally track down what looks good, arrange to have your mechanic inspect it. Never omit this step. After your mechanic gives the car the OK, all that's left is to haggle over the price.

【正确答案】There are several steps to purchase a suitable car for you.

【答案解析】本题是要求给本段补充首句。由于首句一般是主旨句，因此我们先通读全文看下本文主要内容，本文主要是介绍了怎么买适 合的车。然后从第二句a starting point，第六句的the next step，我们可

以具体得出本文讲述的是买到合适的汽车的步骤。

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