高中英语新高考核心词汇快速记忆名校讲义(06)behalf—brake

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2021届高中英语新高考核心词汇快速记忆名校讲义(06)

behalf—brake

根据中华人民共和国教育部制订的普通高中《英语课程标准》和《考纲》编写

behalf [b??hɑ?f]

n. 代表某人,为了某人;利益

[短] on behalf of 代表,为了

behave [b??he?v]

v. 1.举止,举动,表现,守规矩2.运转,开动

behaviour / behavior [b?`he?vj?r]

n. 1.行为,举止2. (机器的)特性

[构] behave(举止,举动,表现) + -io(u)r (与动词结合表示“施动的人或事物”的名词后缀)

behind [b??ha?nd]

prep. (表示位置)在……后面

adv. 在后面;向后

being [?bi???]

n. 1.生物,人2.存在,生存

[短] coming into being 形成,产生,开始存在 / for the time being 暂时,眼下

Belgium [?beld??m]

1

n.比利时

belief [b??li?f]

n. 信仰;相信,信念

[同]confidence n. (in)信任;信心,自信 / faith n. 信任,信用;信仰,信条/ trust n. (in)信任,依赖;委托,信托[辩] belief, confidence, faith和trust belief 表示承认某事是真的, 不管有没有确凿的证据。confidence 表示在有证据的基础上相信, 也常表示“自信”、“有把握”。例如:She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。faith表示认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信。例如:I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。trust “信赖,信任”,含有“坚定的信念”的意思。believe [b??li?v]

v. (in)相信,信仰;认为

[短] make believe 假装

bell [bel]

n. 钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物

belly [?bel?]

n. 腹部;肚子,胃

belong [b??l??]

v. (to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别、范畴等)

* beloved [b??l?v(?)d]

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a. & n. 受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,心爱的人

below [b??l??]

prep. 在…下面,在…以下

adv. 在下面,向下

belt [belt]

bench [bent?]

n. 长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座

bend (bent, bent) [bend]

v. 1. (使)弯曲2.鞠躬3.屈从,屈服

n. 弯曲(处),曲折处

beneath [b??ni?θ]

prep. 在…下边,在…之下

adv. 在下方

beneficial [ben??f??(?)l]

a. (to)有利的,有益的

[构] benefit(利益,好处,恩惠) + -(i)al (表示“有…的”的形容词后缀)

benefit [?ben?f?t]

n. 利益,好处,恩惠

v. 有益于;(from,by)受益

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例如:Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will benefit from the new training facilities. 不仅是专业人士,业余人士也将从新的训练设施中获益。

bent [bent]

a. 1.弯曲的2.不诚实的3.贪污受贿的

beside [b??sa?d]

prep. 在…旁边,在…附近;与…相比

besides [b??sa?dz]

prep. 除…之外

adv. 此外;而且,还有例如:The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;besides, it caused 20 deaths. 飓风损坏了许多房屋和商业建筑;此外还造成了20人死亡。

[辩] besides, but和except besides表示“除…之外还有…”,有“附加”的涵义,常与“other, else”等词连用。例如:Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides money these days. 有些人选择工作除为了钱之外还有其他的原因。 but和except表示“除…之外”,含有“排他”的涵义,常放在any,every,no以及含有这些词的复合不定代词,如:anybody,anyone,anything,anywhere,everybody,everyone,everything,everywhere,nobody,nothing,nowhere和no one,none,all等词后。但except后还可跟

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副词、介词短语等,此时,不能用but来代替。例如:1. He gets up early every day but /except Sunday. 他每天早起,除了星期天例外。2. The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏季外,这扇窗户从来不开。另外,except for 结构表示对一个人或事物先做一个总体评价,然后就其局部提出一点看法,意为“除去…一点以外”,“只是…”。例如:Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了有一点拼写错误以外你的作文写得很好。except that /what /when /where表示“除…”之意,that 等后面所引导的从句通常作介词except的宾语从句。例如:1. It’s a very satisfactory hat, except that it doesn’t fit me. 我很满意那顶帽子,就是大小对我不合适。2. I like to talk with him about sports events except when he is smoking. 我喜欢跟他谈体育赛事,但他抽烟时除外。

best [best]

a. (good和well最高级)最好的

adv. 最,最好(地)

n.最好的(人或物)

[短] at (the) best 充其量,至多 / do /try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽力,努力 / get the best of 胜过 / make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理

best-seller [best- ?sel?(r)]

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n.畅销书

* bet [bet]

v. 赌,打赌

n. 打赌,赌注

betray [b??tre?]

v. 1.背叛,出卖2.暴露,流露,泄露

better (good, well 的比较级) [?bet?(r)]

a. 较好的,更好的

adv. 更好(地) ;好些

v. 改良,改善

n. 较佳者,较优者

[短] for the better 好转,改善 / get the better of 占上风,胜过 / had better 最好还是,应该

例如:With April 18’s railway speed-up, highway and air transport will have to compete with better service for passengers. 随着4月18号铁路提速,公路和民航运输将不得不为乘客提供更好的服务来竞争。

between [b??twi?n]

prep. 在(两者)之间

adv. 当中,中间

beyond [b??j?nd]

prep. 在(或向)…的那边;远于;迟于;超出

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adv. 在那边,在远处

例如:This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average income. 这种新型的汽车如此之贵以至于超出了那些平均收入的人的购买能力。

bicycle [?ba?s?k(?)l]

n.自行车

bid [b?d]

v. 1.祝愿2.命令,吩咐3.报价,投标

n. 出众,投标

big [b?ɡ]

adj.大的

bike = bicycle [ba?k]

n.自行车

bill [b?l]

n. 1.账单2.单子,清单,(人员、职称等的)表3.(美)钞票,纸币4. 法案,议案5.招贴,广告

billion [?b?l??n]

num. & n. [美]十亿,[英]万亿

bingo [?b??ɡ??]

n. 宾戈(一种赌博游戏)

biochemistry [?ba????kem?str?]

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n. 生物化学

[构] bio- (生物的,与生物有关的) + chemistry (化学) biography [ba???ɡr?f?]

n. 传记

biology [ba???l?d??]

n.生物(学)

bird [b??d]

n.鸟

birdcage [?b??dke?d?]

n.鸟笼

[构] bird (鸟) + cage (笼子)

birth [b??θ]

n.出生;诞生

birthday [?b??θde?]

n.生日

[构] bird (出生;诞生) + day (天,日;白天) birthplace [?b??θple?s]

n.出生地;故乡

[构] bird (出生;诞生) + place (地点)

biscuit [?b?sk?t]

n. 饼干,点心

bishop [?b???p]

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n. 1.主教2.(国际象棋中的)象

bit [b?t]

n.一点,一些,少量的

bite (bit, bitten) [ba?t]

v.& n.叮,咬

n. 一口

bitter [?b?t?(r)]

a. 1. (有)苦(味)的2.痛苦的 3. 严酷的

[派] bitterness n. 苦味,辛酸,苦难

black[blæk]

n.黑色

adj.黑色的

blackboard [?blækb??d]

n.黑板

[构] black(黑色的) + board (板,木板)

blame [ble?m]

v. 责备,责怪;把…归咎于

n. 责任,过错;责备

[同] scold v. 责骂,训斥

[短] be to blame (for sth.) 对……应负责任,应受责备例如:Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,

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saying that he was not the one to blame. 格林先生站起来为那个16岁的男孩辩护,说他不是应受责备的人。

[辩] blame和scold blame指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用),或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on 或upon连用),往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事,没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如:1. Don’t blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他,该怪我。2. Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 因为学校电脑网络故障而受到指责,艾丽丝情绪低落。scold多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如:I hate to scold, son, but you mustn’t stay out so late at night. 我不喜欢斥责,孩子,可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。blank[blæ?k]

a. 空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的

n. 空白;表格

例如:1. Could you take a blank sheet of paper and write your name at the top? 你能拿一张白纸在顶行写上你的名字吗?2. Before turning on your computer, sit down with a blank piece of paper and decide what will make this day highly successful. 在开电脑前,坐下来,拿一张白纸,决定今天要做什么才算是成功的一天。3. Sit down comfortably at a desk or table, with a blank piece of

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paper and a pen in front of you. 舒适地安坐在书桌或桌子旁,在你的面前摆上一张空白的纸及一支笔。4. Get him involved: This finance lesson to teach your son involves sitting down with him and drawing two columns on a blank piece of paper. 让他参与进来:这堂课要让你的孩子与你一起坐下来,在空白纸上画出两列。

blanket [?blæ?k?t]

n. 毛毯,毯子

*blast [blɑ?st]

n. 1.一阵(疾风),一股(气流) 2.爆炸冲击波3.管乐器或汽笛声

v. 爆炸,爆破

bleed [bli?d]

v. 出血,流血

bless [bles]

v.祝福,保佑

blessing [?bles??]

n. 祈祷,祝福

[构] bless (祝福,保佑) + -ing (表示“状态”的名词后缀) blind [bla?nd]

a. 瞎的;盲目的

v. 使失明;蒙蔽

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n. 百叶窗

block [bl?k]

n. 1.大块木料(或石料,金属) 2.一排房屋,街区3.阻塞v. 阻塞,拦阻,封锁

* blonde [bl?nd]

a. (头发)金黄色的;(人)白肤金发碧眼的

blood [bl?d]

n. 1.血(液) 2.血统,宗族,门第

[派] bloody a. 流血的,血腥的

blouse[bla?z; u.S. bla?s]

n. 女衬衣,短上衣,宽阔的罩衫

blow [bl??]

n. 打,殴打,一击,打击

blow (blew, blown) [bl??]

v. 1.吹(气),充气,打气2.吹响(乐器、号角等),吹风3.爆炸,爆裂

blue [blu?]

n.蓝色

adj. 1. 蓝色的 2. 悲伤的;沮丧的

board [b??d]

n. 1.板,木板,纸板2.全体委员,委员会,部门3.船舷v. 上船(车、飞机)

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[短] on board 在船(车、飞机)上

boat [b??t]

n.小船,小舟

boat-race [b??t-re?s]

n.划船比赛

[构] boat (小船,小舟) + race(速度上的比赛) boating [?b??t??]

n.划船(游玩),泛舟

body [?b?d?]

n.身体

body-building [?b?d?-?b?ld??]

n.健美

[构] body (身体) + building (建筑,建设)

boil [b??l]

v. (使)沸腾,煮(沸)

[派] boiler n. 锅炉;煮器(壶、锅等)

bomb [b?m]

n. 炸弹

v. 投弹于,轰炸

bond [b?nd]

n. 1.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结2.公债,债券,契约v.联系,使牢固

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bone [b??n]

n.骨头,骨质(复数bones骨骼;骨骸)bonus [?b??n?s]

n. 奖金,红利,津贴

book [b?k]

n. 1.书(籍) 2.卷,篇,册

v. 预定,订(票、座位、房间等)

bookcase [?b?kke?s]

n.书橱

[构] book(书) + case (箱子,盒子,柜) bookmark [?b?kmɑ?k]

n.书签

[构] book(书) + mark (标志,标记;记号,符号) Bookshelf [`b?k,?elf]

n.书架

[构] book(书) + shelf (架子,搁板)

bookshop [?b?k??p]

n.书店

[构] book(书) + shop (商店)

bookstore [?b?kst??(r)]

n.书店

[构] book(书) + store (商店)

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boom [bu?m]

v. 1.迅速发展,繁荣,兴旺2.轰鸣,发出隆隆声

例如:1. If there is a boom in the economy, there is an increase in economic activity, for example, in the number of things that are being bought and sold. 如果经济繁荣,经济活动就会增加,例如,被买卖的物品的数量就会增加。2. The boom in the sport’s popularity has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations. 该项运动普及程度的大幅提高带来了更多要求更严格的安全法规的呼声。

boot [bu?t]

n. (长统)靴

booth [bu?ð]

n.(为某种用途而设的)亭或小隔间,货摊如:telephone booth 电话亭, voting booth投票间

border [?b??d?(r)]

n. 边界,国界;边(沿)

v. 交界,与…接壤;接近

* bore [b??]

v. 1.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探2.烦扰,使厌烦

n. 讨厌的人,麻烦事

[派] bored a. 厌烦的;厌倦的 / boring a. 单调的;乏味的;无趣的

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bored [b?rd]

adj.(对人,事)厌倦的,烦闷的

boring [`b?r??]

adj.乏味的,无聊的

born [b??n]

adj.出生

borrow [?b?r??]

v.(向别人)借用;借

boss [b?s]

n. 老板,上司;工头领班

v. 指挥,支配,发号施令

botanical [b??tæn?k(?)l]

a. 植物学的;植物的

[构] botany(植物;植物学) +-ical(表示“…的”的形容词后缀)

botany [?b?t?n?]

n. 植物;植物学

both [b??θ]

adj.两;双

pron.两者;双方

bother [?b?ð?]

v. 打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心

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n. 麻烦

例如:1. I’m very sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion. 我很抱歉在这种场合问了你这么多问题。2. Nothing I do makes any difference anyway, so why bother? 不管我做什么都没有区别,那为什么还要费心去做呢?3. The courts take too long and going to the police is a bother. 庭审太费时间,去警察局是件麻烦事。

bottle [?b?t(?)l]

n.瓶子

bottom [?b?t?m]

n. 1.底(部) 2.基础,根基3.海底,湖底,河床

bounce [ba?ns]

v. 跳起,弹起,蹦

n. (球)跳起,弹回

bound [ba?nd]

v. & n. 跳(跃)

a. 1.被束缚的,理应…的2.必定的,一定的3.准备(或正在)到…去的,开往…的

boundary [?ba?nd?r?]

n. 分界线,边界

bow [b??]

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v.& n. 点头,鞠躬,弯腰行礼

n. 弓(形);蝴蝶结

﹡bowel [?ba??l]

n. 1.肠(道) 2.[pl.]内部,深处

bowl [b??l]

n. 碗(状物),钵

bowling [?b??l??]

n. 保龄球

box [b?ks]

n. 1.箱(子),盒(子) 2.包厢

v. 1.把…装箱2.拳击,打耳光

boxing [?b?ks??]

n. 拳击(运动)

[构] box (拳击,打耳光) + -ing (表示“状态”的名词后缀) boy [b??]

n.男孩

boycott [?b??k?t]

n.& v. (联合)抵制,拒绝参与,拒绝购买

brain [bre?n]

n. (大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能

brake [bre?k]

v. & n. 制动(器),闸,刹车

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