ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe(2008-50-EC)

ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe(2008-50-EC)欧盟空气质量标准法案(2008-50-EC)

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I

(ActsadoptedundertheECTreaty/EuratomTreatywhosepublicationisobligatory)

DIRECTIVES

DIRECTIVE2008/50/ECOFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDOFTHECOUNCIL

of21May2008

onambientairqualityandcleanerairforEurope

THEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDTHECOUNCILOFTHEEURO-PEANUNION,

(2)

HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommu-nity,andinparticularArticle175thereof,

HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission,

Inordertoprotecthumanhealthandtheenvironmentasawhole,itisparticularlyimportanttocombatemissionsofpollutantsatsourceandtoidentifyandimplementthemosteffectiveemissionreductionmeasuresatlocal,nationalandCommunitylevel.Therefore,emissionsofharmfulairpollutantsshouldbeavoided,preventedorreducedandappropriateobjectivessetforambientairqualitytakingintoaccountrelevantWorldHealthOrgani-sationstandards,guidelinesandprogrammes.

HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEuropeanEconomicandSocialCommittee(1),

(3)

HavingregardtotheopinionoftheCommitteeoftheRegions(2),

ActinginaccordancewiththeprocedurelaiddowninArticle251oftheTreaty(3),

Whereas:

(1)

TheSixthCommunityEnvironmentActionProgrammeadoptedbyDecisionNo1600/2002/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof22July2002(4)estab-lishestheneedtoreducepollutiontolevelswhichmini-miseharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth,payingparticularattentiontosensitivepopulations,andtheenvironmentasawhole,toimprovethemonitoringandassessmentofairqualityincludingthedepositionofpollutantsandtopro-videinformationtothepublic.

CouncilDirective96/62/ECof27September1996onambientairqualityassessmentandmanagement(5),Coun-cilDirective1999/30/ECof22April1999relatingtolimitvaluesforsulphurdioxide,nitrogendioxideandoxidesofnitrogen,particulatematterandleadinambientair(6),Directive2000/69/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof16November2000relatingtolimitvaluesforbenzeneandcarbonmonoxideinambientair(7),Direc-tive2002/3/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof12February2002relatingtoozoneinambientair(8)andCouncilDecision97/101/ECof27January1997establishingareciprocalexchangeofinformationanddatafromnetworksandindividualstationsmeasuringambientairpollutionwithintheMemberStates(9)needtobesubstantiallyrevisedinordertoincorporatethelatesthealthandscientificdevelopmentsandtheexperienceoftheMemberStates.Intheinterestsofclarity,simplificationandadministrativeefficiencyitisthereforeappropriatethatthosefiveactsbereplacedbyasingleDirectiveand,whereappropriate,byimplementingmeasures.

(1)OJC195,18.8.2006,p.84.(2)OJC206,29.8.2006,p.1.

(3)OpinionoftheEuropeanParliamentof26September2006(OJC306E,15.12.2006,p.102),CouncilCommonPositionof25June2007(OJC236E,6.11.2007,p.1)andPositionoftheEuro-peanParliamentof11December2007.CouncilDecisionof14April2008.4()OJL242,10.9.2002,p.1.

(5)OJL296,21.11.1996,p.55.DirectiveasamendedbyRegulation(EC)

No1882/2003oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil(OJL284,31.10.2003,p.1).6()OJL163,29.6.1999,p.41.DirectiveasamendedbyCommissionDecision2001/744/EC(OJL278,23.10.2001,p.35).7()OJL313,13.12.2000,p.12.(8)OJL67,9.3.2002,p.14.

(9)OJL35,5.2.1997,p.14.DecisionasamendedbyCommissionDeci-sion2001/752/EC(OJL282,26.10.2001,p.69).

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OncethepeanimplementationsufficientexperienceofDirectivehasbeengainedinrelationtorelatingParliamentandoftheCouncil2004/107/ECof15DecemberoftheEuro-2004clicaromatictoarsenic,hydrocarbonscadmium,inmercury,ambientairnickel(andpolycy-1maywithbethosegivenofthistotheDirective.

possibilityofmerging)itsconsiderationprovisions(5)

Aqualitycommonmentshouldapproachbefollowedtotheaccordingassessmenttocommonofambientassess-airshouldcriteria.Whenassessingambientairquality,accountexposedbesifyagglomerationsthetotakenterritoryairpollution.ofthesizereflectingofeachItisofpopulationsandecosystemstheMemberthereforepopulationStateappropriatedensity.intozonestoclas-or(6)

Whereenablepossiblemodellingtechniquesshouldbeappliedtocalfordistributionpointdataoftoconcentration.beinterpretedThisincouldtermsofgeographi-livingcalculatinginthearea.

thecollectiveexposureoftheservepopulationasabasis(7)

InpollutionordertoacrossisensuresufficientlythattheinformationcollectedonairmeasurementtheCommunity,numbertechniquesitrepresentativeandcomparableandisimportantthatstandardisedassessmentandlocationofmeasuringcommonstationscriteriaareusedforforthethemeasurementsofambientandcanbeusedairquality.toassessTechniquesambientotherthananditrequiredisthereforeaccuracynecessaryofsuchtotechniques.

definecriteriaforairthequalityuse(8)

Detailedbackgroundmeasurementsstandappropriatebetterlocationsoffineparticulatematteratruraltheimpactsshouldofthisbepollutantmadeinorderandtounder-ingrammeamannerpolicies.consistentSuchwithmeasurementsshouldtobedevelopmadetransmissionformonitoringandthoseevaluationoftheofcooperativethelongrangepro-underarythe1979ofConventionairpollutantsoninLong-rangeEurope(EMEP)setup81/462/EECAirPollutionof11Juneapproved1981().

byCouncilTransbound-Decision2(9)

Airgood,qualityqualityorStateslaidimproved.statusshouldbemaintainedwhereitisalreadydowninWherethisDirectivetheobjectivesarenotformet,ambientairvaluesshouldtargetvaluesandcriticaltakeactioninordertocomplywithMemberthelimitandlong-termlevels,andobjectives.

wherepossible,toattainthe(10)

Theecosystemsriskposedareas.ismostbyairimportantpollutionintoplacesvegetationandnaturalwiththereforecriticalTheassessmentfocuslevelsofsuchrisksandawaythefromcomplianceurbanonforplacestheawayprotectionfromofbuilt-upvegetationareas.should(11)

Finenegativeparticulateimpactsmatteronhuman(PM2,5health.)isresponsibleFurther,fortheresignificantisasyet

(1)OJL23,26.1.2005,p.3.(2)OJL171,27.6.1981,p.11.

noposeidentifiableinshouldthearisk.sameAswaysuch,thresholdbelowwhichPM2,5wouldnotasthisotherpollutantairpollutants.shouldnotTheberegulatedurbanpopulationbackgroundaimatageneraltoensurereductionofconcentrationsapproachintheensurethatabenefitfromimprovedthatairlargequality.sectionsHowever,ofthetowhichapproachminimumistobeprecededshoulddegreebeofincombinedhealthprotectionafirststagewithbyaaeverywhere,targetlimitvalue.

value,(12)

Theensuringexistinghumaneffectivetargetprotectionvaluesandagainstlong-termharmfulobjectiveseffectsonofsureoldtohealthozoneandshouldvegetationremainunchanged.andecosystemsAnfromexpo-forsections,theandprotectionaninformationofthethresholdgeneralpopulationforozoneshouldalertthresh-andsensitivebesetozonerespectively,frombriefexposurestoelevateddisseminationconcentrations.exposureofinformationThosethresholdstothepublicshouldonthetriggerrisksthetermthresholdmeasuresandtheisexceeded.

toimplementation,reduceozoneiflevelsappropriate,wheretheofshort-ofalert(13)

OzonesphereisatransboundarypollutantformedinbyofDirectivefromthe2001/81/ECemissionofofprimarytheatmo-thepollutantsaddressedceilingstheCounciltowardsforof23October2001EuropeanonnationalParliamentemissionandozonetheaircertainqualityatmospherictargetsandlongpollutantsterm(3).ProgressgetssetinthisDirectiveshouldbedeterminedobjectivesbythetar-for2001/81/ECandemissionityplansasprovidedand,ifappropriate,ceilingsprovidedforinthisbyDirective.

implementingforinDirectiveairqual-(14)

Fixedagglomerationsmeasurementsshouldbemandatoryinorexceeded.theassessmentwherethresholdsthelong-termforotherobjectiveszonesforozoneandsupplementedInformationmeasurementsbymodellingfromfixedtechniquesmeasurementspollutantsareand/ormaybetermsuseofgeographicaltoenabledistributionpointdataoftobeinterpretedindicativeinallowofsupplementaryfixedsamplingforreductionpoints.

oftechniquestherequiredofassessmentconcentrations.minimumshouldThenumberalsoof(15)

Contributionscannotfromnaturalsourcescanbeassessedtionssufficienttobepollutantscontrolled.inambientTherefore,airwherenaturalcontribu-butwholeunderorincertainty,andwhereexceedancescanbedeterminedareduewithintractedtheconditionsparttotheselaidnaturaldowncontributions,inthisDirective,thesemay,values.PMContributionswhenassessingtocomplianceexceedanceswithbesub-ofparticulateairqualitymatterlimitofanceroads10limitmeasureswithmayvaluesattributabletowinter-sandingor-saltinghaveairqualityalsobebeentakenlimitsubtractedvaluestolowerprovidedwhenassessingconcentrations.

thatreasonablecompli-(3)OJL309,27.11.2001,p.22.DirectiveaslastamendedbyCouncilDirective2006/105/EC(OJL363,20.12.2006,p.368).

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Forzonesandagglomerationswhereconditionsarepar-ticularlydifficult,itshouldbepossibletopostponethedeadlineforcompliancewiththeairqualitylimitvaluesincaseswhere,notwithstandingtheimplementationofappropriatepollutionabatementmeasures,acutecompli-anceproblemsexistinspecificzonesandagglomerations.AnypostponementforagivenzoneoragglomerationshouldbeaccompaniedbyacomprehensiveplantobeassessedbytheCommissiontoensurecompliancebythereviseddeadline.TheavailabilityofnecessaryCommunitymeasuresreflectingthechosenambitionlevelintheThe-maticStrategyonairpollutiontoreduceemissionsatsourcewillbeimportantforaneffectiveemissionreduc-tionbythetimeframeestablishedinthisDirectiveforcom-pliancewiththelimitvaluesandshouldbetakenintoaccountwhenassessingrequeststopostponedeadlinesforcompliance.

(17)

ThenecessaryCommunitymeasurestoreduceemissionsatsource,inparticularmeasurestoimprovetheeffective-nessofCommunitylegislationonindustrialemissions,tolimittheexhaustemissionsofenginesinstalledinheavydutyvehicles,tofurtherreducetheMemberStates’permit-tednationalemissionsofkeypollutantsandtheemissionsassociatedwithrefuellingofpetrolcarsatservicestations,andtoaddressthesulphurcontentoffuelsincludingmarinefuelsshouldbedulyexaminedasaprioritybyallinstitutionsinvolved.

(18)

Airqualityplansshouldbedevelopedforzonesandagglomerationswithinwhichconcentrationsofpollutantsinambientairexceedtherelevantairqualitytargetvaluesorlimitvalues,plusanytemporarymarginsoftolerance,whereapplicable.Airpollutantsareemittedfrommanydifferentsourcesandactivities.Toensurecoherencebetweendifferentpolicies,suchairqualityplansshouldwherefeasiblebeconsistent,andintegratedwithplansandprogrammespreparedpursuanttoDirective2001/80/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23Octo-ber2001onthelimitationofemissionsofcertainpollut-antsintotheairfromlargecombustionplants(1),Directive2001/81/EC,andDirective2002/49/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof25June2002relatingtotheassessmentandmanagementofenvironmentalnoise(2).FullaccountwillalsobetakenoftheambientairqualityobjectivesprovidedforinthisDirective,whereper-mitsaregrantedforindustrialactivitiespursuanttoDirec-tive2008/1/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof15January2008concerningintegratedpollu-tionpreventionandcontrol(3).

(19)

Actionplansshouldbedrawnupindicatingthemeasurestobetakenintheshorttermwherethereisariskofanexceedanceofoneormorealertthresholdsinordertoreducethatriskandtolimititsduration.Whentheriskappliestooneormorelimitvaluesortargetvalues,Mem-berStatesmay,whereappropriate,drawupsuchshort-termactionplans.Inrespectofozone,suchshort-term

(1)OJL309,27.11.2001,p.1.DirectiveaslastamendedbyDirective2006/105/EC.(2)OJL189,18.7.2002,p.12.(3)OJL24,29.1.2008,p.8.

actionCommissionplansshouldconcerningDecisiontake2004/279/ECintoaccountoftheprovisionsof2002/3/ECrelatingtoozoneofguidancetheEuropeanforimplementation19March2004inambientParliamentofDirectiveair(andoftheCouncil4).

(20)

MemberingState,significantStatesshouldpollutionconsultoriginatingwithoneinanotherif,follow-thethelevelofapollutantexceeds,orisanotherlikelytoMemberancerelevantthreshold.whereairapplicablequalityobjectivesplusthemarginofexceed,toler-suchThetransboundaryor,asnaturethecaseofspecificmaybe,thealertnationasupbetweenozoneandneighbouringparticulatematter,pollutants,Membermayrequirecoordi-actionandate,countries,MemberplansimplementingandairqualityplansStatesandinshort-termdrawingStatesininformingshouldpursuethepublic.cooperationWherewithappropri-mentofcandidatewithparticularcountries.

emphasisontheearlyinvolve-third(21)

Ittoistioncollect,necessaryexchangefortheandMemberStatesandtheCommissionlutioninordertounderstanddisseminatebettertheairimpactsqualityofinforma-informationandinambientairondevelopshouldconcentrationsappropriatealsobereadilyofallpolicies.airpol-availableregulatedUp-to-datetothepollutantspublic.

(22)

InqualityorderCommissioninformation,tofacilitateinastandardiseddatathehandlingshouldform.

beandmadecomparisonavailabletooftheair(23)

Itassessmentisnecessarymeansandreportingtoadaptofproceduresairqualityfortoenabledataprovision,makeandtheInternettobeusedasthemainelectronictoolstoareParliamentcompatibleinformationwithavailable,Directiveand2007/2/ECsothatsuchoftheproceduresingpeananCommunityinfrastructureandtheCouncilof14March2007Europeanestablish-(INSPIRE)forspatial(informationintheEuro-5).

(24)

Ittheisambientcriteriaappropriateadaptingairandtheretoqualitytechniquestoprovidethetoinformationscientificusedforthepossibilityofadaptingandfortotechnicaltheassessmentbeprovided.

progressofandthe(25)

SinceachievedtheobjectivesboundarybytheMemberofthisStatesDirectivebycannotreasonbeofsufficientlythetrans-teradoptachievednatureatCommunityofairpollutantsandcanthereforebebet-sidiaritymeasures,inaccordancelevel,withthetheCommunityprincipleofmaysub-withArticle,theassaryinorderthisprinciplesetoutinArticle5oftheTreaty.InaccordanceDirectiveoftoachievedoesproportionality,thosenotobjectives.

gobeyondassetwhatoutisinneces-that(4)OJL87,25.3.2004,p.50.(5)OJL108,25.4.2007,p.1.

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MemberStatesshouldlaydownrulesonpenaltiesappli-cabletoinfringementsoftheprovisionsofthisDirectiveandensurethattheyareimplemented.Thepenaltiesshouldbeeffective,proportionateanddissuasive.

(27)

CertainprovisionsoftheactsrepealedbythisDirectiveshouldremaininforceinordertoensurethecontinuanceofexistingairqualitylimitsfornitrogendioxideuntiltheyarereplacedfrom1January2010,thecontinuanceofairqualityreportingprovisionsuntilnewimplementingmea-suresareadopted,andthecontinuanceofobligationsrelat-ingtothepreliminaryassessmentsofairqualityrequiredunderDirective2004/107/EC.

(28)

TheobligationtotransposethisDirectiveintonationallawshouldbeconfinedtothoseprovisionswhichrepresentasubstantivechangeascomparedwiththeearlierDirectives.(29)

Inaccordancewithpoint34oftheInterinstitutionalAgree-mentonbetterlawmaking(1),MemberStatesareencour-agedtodrawup,forthemselvesandintheinterestoftheCommunity,theirowntablesillustrating,asfaraspossible,thecorrelationbetweentheDirectiveandthetranspositionmeasures,andtomakethempublic.

(30)

ThisDirectiverespectsthefundamentalrightsandobservestheprinciplesrecognisedinparticularbytheCharterofFundamentalRightsoftheEuropeanUnion.Inparticular,thisDirectiveseekstopromotetheintegrationintothepoliciesoftheUnionofahighlevelofenvironmentalpro-tectionandtheimprovementofthequalityoftheenviron-mentinaccordancewiththeprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentaslaiddowninArticle37oftheCharterofFundamentalRightsoftheEuropeanUnion.

(31)

ThemeasuresnecessaryfortheimplementationofthisDirectiveshouldbeadoptedinaccordancewithCouncilDecision1999/468/ECof28June1999layingdowntheproceduresfortheexerciseofimplementingpowerscon-ferredontheCommission(2).

(32)

TheCommissionshouldbeempoweredtoamendAnnexesItoVI,AnnexesVIIItoXandAnnexXV.Sincethosemeasuresareofgeneralscopeandaredesignedtoamendnon-essentialelementsofthisDirective,theymustbeadoptedinaccordancewiththeregulatoryprocedurewithscrutinyprovidedforinArticle5aofDecision1999/468/EC.

(33)

ThetranspositionclauserequiresMemberStatestoensurethatthenecessaryurbanbackgroundmeasurementsareinplacewellintimetodefinetheAverageExposureIndica-tor,inordertoguaranteethattherequirementsrelatedtotheassessmentoftheNationalExposureReductionTargetandtothecalculationoftheAverageExposureIndicatoraremet,

(1)OJC321,31.12.2003,p.1.

(2)OJL184,17.7.1999,p.23.DecisionasamendedbyDecision2006/512/EC(OJL200,22.7.2006,p.11).

HAVEADOPTEDTHISDIRECTIVE:

CHAPTERIGENERALPROVISIONS

Article1Subjectmatter

ThisDirectivelaysdownmeasuresaimedatthefollowing:1.

definingdesignedandhumanhealthtoavoid,establishingandthepreventobjectivesforambientairqualityenvironmentorreduceasaharmfulwhole;

effectson2.

assessingbasisofcommontheambientmethodsairqualityandcriteria;

inMemberStatesonthe3.

obtainingcombatinformationonambientairqualitytrendsmunityandairpollutionmeasures;

improvementsandnuisanceinordertohelpresultingandfromtomonitornationallong-termandCom-4.

ensuringmadeavailablethatsuchtotheinformationpublic;

onambientairqualityis5.

maintainingothercases;

airqualitywhereitisgoodandimprovingitin6.

promotinginreducingincreasedairpollution.

cooperationbetweentheMemberStatesArticle2Definitions

ForthepurposesofthisDirective:

1.

‘ambientexcludingair’whereandprovisionsworkplacesshallmeanoutdoorairinthetroposphere,concerningasdefinedhealthbyDirectiveandsafety89/654/EECatworkapply(3)access;

towhichmembersofthepublicdonothaveregular2.

‘pollutant’andshallmeananysubstancetheenvironmentlikelytohaveasharmfulpresentinambientairawhole;

effectsonhumanhealthand/or3.

‘level’airorshallthedepositionmeantheconcentrationthereofonsurfacesofapollutantinagivenintime;

ambient(3)CouncilDirective89/654/EECof30November1989concerningtheminimumsafetyandhealthrequirementsfortheworkplace(OJL393,30.12.1989,p.1).DirectiveasamendedbyDirective2007/30/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil(OJL165,27.6.2007,p.21).

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4.

‘assessment’late,predictshallorestimatemeananylevels;

methodusedtomeasure,calcu-5.

‘limitknowledge,value’shallmeanalevelfixedontheharmfulwiththeaimofavoiding,preventingbasisoforscientificreducingaexceededwhole,effectstooncebeattainedonhumanhealthand/ortheenvironmentasattained;

withinagivenperiodandnottobe6.

‘criticaltificlevel’shallmeanalevelfixedonthebasisofscien-onsystemssomeknowledge,butreceptors,abovenotonsuchwhichdirectadverseeffectsmayoccurhumans;

astrees,otherplantsornaturaleco-7.

‘marginvalueconditionsbyofwhichtolerance’shallmeanthepercentageofthelimitlaiddownthatvalueinthismayDirective;

beexceededsubjecttothe8.

‘airorderqualitytoattainplans’theshalllimitmeanvaluesplansortargetthatsetvalues;

outmeasuresin9.

‘targeting,value’shallmeanand/orpreventingsibleovertheaenvironmentorreducingalevelfixedwiththeaimofavoid-givenperiod;

asaharmfulwhole,toeffectsbeattainedonhumanwherehealthpos-10.‘alertriskthreshold’shallmeanalevelbeyondwhichthereisa

astheatoMemberwholehumanandhealthStates;atwhichfromimmediatebriefexposurestepsforarethetobepopulationtakenby11.‘informationtherethreshold’shallmeanalevelbeyondwhich

ticularlyisaimmediatesensitiverisktohumanhealthfrombriefexposureforpar-andappropriatesectionsofinformationthepopulationisnecessary;andforwhich12.‘upperaniquescombinationassessmentthreshold’shallmeanalevelbelowwhich

ambientand/orairquality;indicativeoffixedmeasurementsmeasurementsmayandbemodellingusedtoassesstech-13.‘lowermodellingassessmentthreshold’shallmeanausedtoassessorobjective-estimationambientairquality;techniqueslevelalonebelowmaywhich

be14.‘long-termlongobjective’shallmeanaleveltobemeasures,term,savewherenotachievablethroughattainedproportionateinthe

humanhealthwithandthetheaimenvironment;ofprovidingeffectiveprotectionof15.‘contributionspollutantsties,micincludingnotfromnaturalcausednaturalsources’shallmeanemissionsof

eventsdirectlysuchorindirectlyasvolcanicbyhumanactivi-windactivities,transportevents,ofnaturalseageothermalspraysactivities,wild-landeruptions,fires,high-seis-particlesorthefromatmosphericdryregions;

re-suspensionor16.‘zone’delimitedshallityassessmentbymeanthatandMemberpartofthemanagement;StateterritoryfortheofpurposesaMemberofState,airqual-as

17.‘agglomeration’apopulationpopulationinshallexcessmeanof250azone000thatinhabitantsisaconurbationor,with

lationStates;densityis250per000kminhabitants2tobeestablishedorless,withbyathegivenwheretheMemberpopu-18.‘PMsize-selective10’shallmeanparticulatematterwhichpassesthroughsamplingefficiencyandinletasdefinedinthereferencemethodforthea

cut-offmeasurementat10µmaerodynamicofPM10,EN12341,diameter;witha50%19.‘PMsize-selective2,5’shallmeansamplingefficiencyandinletparticulatecut-offmeasurementasdefinedat2,5µmofinmatteraerodynamicPMthereferencewhichpassesmethodthroughforthea

2,5,EN14907,diameter;witha50%20.‘averagedeterminedexposuregroundontheindicator’basisshallmeananaveragelevel

andlocationsthroughoutofmeasurementstheterritoryofataurbanback-latewhichreflectspopulationexposure.ItisusedMembertocalcu-Stateconcentrationthenationalobligation;exposurereductiontargetandtheexposure21.‘exposureonofthebasisconcentrationoftheobligation’shallmeanalevelfixed

overreducingagivenharmfulaverageperiod;effectsexposureonhumanindicatorhealth,towithbeattainedtheaim22.‘nationalreductionexposurereductiontarget’MemberreducingStateofthesetaveragefortheexposureshallreferenceofyearthemeanwithpopulationapercentage

theaimofawherepossibleharmfulovereffectsagivenonperiod;humanhealth,tobeattainedof23.‘urbanareasbackgroundlocations’shallmeanplacesinurban

generalwhereurbanlevelspopulation;arerepresentativeoftheexposureofthe24.‘oxidesingofnitrogen’shallmeanthesumofthevolumenitrogenrationitrogendioxide(ppbv)ofnitrogenmonoxide(nitricoxide)mix-anddioxideexpressed(µg/m3);inunitsofmassconcentrationof25.‘fixedsites,measurements’mineeitherobjectives;thelevelscontinuouslyshallmeaninaccordanceorbymeasurementstakenatfixed

withrandomtherelevantsampling,datatoqualitydeter-26.‘indicativemeetmeasurements’shallmeanmeasurementswhich

requireddataforqualityfixedmeasurements;

objectivesthatarelessstrictthanthose

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27.‘volatilepoundsmethane,fromorganicanthropogeniccompounds’and(VOC)biogenicshallmeansources,organicothercom-dantssunlight;byreactionsthatarecapablewithnitrogenofproducingoxidesphotochemicalthaninthepresenceoxi-of28.‘ozonetributeprecursorwhicharetolistedtheformationsubstances’meanssubstanceswhichcon-inAnnexX.

ofground-levelozone,someofArticle3Responsibilities

MemberpetentauthoritiesStatesshallanddesignatebodiesresponsibleattheappropriateforthelevelsfollowing:thecom-(a)assessmentofambientairquality;

(b)approvalworksandoflaboratories);measurementsystems(methods,equipment,net-(c)ensuringtheaccuracyofmeasurements;(d)analysisofassessmentmethods;

(e)coordinationassuranceontheirterritoryCommission;programmesareifbeingCommunity-wideorganisedbyquality

the(f)cooperationCommission.withtheotherMemberStatesandthe

Whereplywithrelevant,SectiontheCofcompetentAnnexI.

authoritiesandbodiesshallcom-Article4

Establishmentofzonesandagglomerations

MemberoutStatesshallestablishzonesmenttheirshallterritory.becarriedAiroutqualityinallassessmentandagglomerationszonesandandagglomerations.

airqualitythrough-manage-CHAPTERII

ASSESSMENTOFAMBIENTAIRQUALITY

SECTION1

dioxide,Assessmentnitrogenofambientmatter,lead,dioxidebenzeneandairqualityoxidesinandcarbonofrelationnitrogen,tomonoxide

particulate

sulphurArticle5Assessmentregime

1.tionTheupperandlowerassessmentthresholdsideAofAnnexIIshallapplytosulphurdioxide,specifiednitrogenindiox-Sec-lead,andbenzeneoxidesandofnitrogen,carbonmonoxide.

particulatematter(PM10andPM2,5),Eachzoneandagglomerationshallbeclassifiedinrelationtothoseassessmentthresholds.

2.Theclassificationreferredtoinparagraph1shallbereviewedatleasteveryfiveyearsinaccordancewiththeproce-durelaiddowninSectionBofAnnexII.

However,classificationsshallbereviewedmorefrequentlyintheeventofsignificantchangesinactivitiesrelevanttotheambientconcentrationsofsulphurdioxide,nitrogendioxideor,whererel-evant,oxidesofnitrogen,particulatematter(PM10,PMorcarbonmonoxide.

2,5),lead,benzeneArticle6Assessmentcriteria

1.MemberStatesshallassessambientairqualitywithrespecttothepollutantsreferredtoinArticle5inalltheirzonesandagglomerations,inaccordancewiththecriterialaiddowninpara-graphs2,3and4ofthisArticleandinaccordancewiththecri-terialaiddowninAnnexIII.

2.Inallzonesandagglomerationswherethelevelofpollut-antsreferredtoinparagraph1exceedstheupperassessmentthresholdshallsurementsbeusedestablishedtoassessforthethoseambientpollutants,airquality.fixedThosemeasurementsfixedmea-indicativespatialdistributionmeasurementsmaybesupplementedofthetoambientprovidebymodellingairadequatetechniquesand/orquality.

informationonthe3.antsInallzonesthresholdreferredmeasurementsestablishedtoinandparagraphagglomerationsforthose1wherethelevelofpollut-pollutants,isbelowathecombinationupperassessmentofsurementsmayandbeusedmodellingtoassesstechniquestheambientand/orairindicativefixedquality.mea-4.antsInallzonesandagglomerationswherethelevelthresholdreferredtoinparagraph1isbelowthelowerassessmentofpollut-ortheobjective-estimationestablishedforassessmentoftheambienttechniquesthosepollutants,airquality.

orbothmodellingshallbesufficienttechniquesfor5.3tionsandIn4,additionmeasurementstotheassessmentsshallbereferredtoinparagraphs2,posesawayconcentrationofproviding,fromsignificantasaminimum,sourcesmade,informationofatairruralpollution,backgroundloca-onthefortotalthepur-particulateconductedmatterandusingthe(PMthechemicalspeciationconcentrationsofmassfinefollowing2,5)onancriteria:

annualaveragebasisandshallbe(a)onesamplingpointshallbeinstalledevery100000km2;(b)eachtionMemberStateshallsetupatleastonemeasuringsta-uprelevantoneormay,orseveralbyagreementwithadjoiningMemberStates,setresolution;

neighbouringcommonzones,measuringtoachievestations,thenecessarycoveringspatialthe

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(c)wheremonitoringappropriate,Cooperativestrategymonitoringandshallbecoordinatedwiththe

the(EMEP);Long-rangeProgrammeTransmissionformeasurementMonitoringprogrammeofAirPollutantsandEvaluationoftheinEuropeof(d)SectionsqualityparticulateobjectivesAandCofmatterforAnnexandmassIshallapplyinrelationtothedata

AnnexconcentrationIVshallapplymeasurementsinitsentirety.ofMembermethodsStatesoffineparticulateusedinshalltheinformtheCommissionofthemeasurementmattermeasurement(PMofthechemicalcomposition2,5).

Article7Samplingpoints

1.phurThelocationofsamplingpointsforthemeasurementmatterdioxide,nitrogendioxideandoxidesofnitrogen,particulateofsul-ambient(PM10,PM2,5),lead,benzeneandcarbonmonoxideinAnnexIII.

airshallbedeterminedusingthecriterialistedin2.arenumbertheInsoleeachsourcezoneorofagglomerationinformationwherefixedmeasurementsbeinSectionlessthanofsamplingAtheofAnnexminimumpointsV.

numberforeachforofrelevantassessingairquality,thesamplingpollutantpointsshallspecifiednot3.fromForzonesandagglomerationswithinwhichinformationfixedmeasurementtotalfrommodellingsamplingand/orpointsissupplementedinformationbymaynumberditionsbearereducedofsamplingmet:

byuptopoints50%,specifiedindicativeprovidedinthatSectionmeasurement,thefollowingAofAnnexthecon-V(a)theforsupplementarymethodsprovidesufficientinformation

orpublic;alerttheassessmentthresholds,ofasairwellqualityasadequatewithregardinformationtolimitforvaluesthe(b)theresolutionnumbertrationofofothersamplingtechniquespointstobeinstalledandthespatial

danceoftherelevantpollutantaretosufficientbeestablishedfortheconcen-ofwiththedataqualityobjectivesspecifiedinSectioninaccor-AspecifiedAnnexinIandSectionenableBofassessmentAnnexI.resultstomeetthecriteriaThetakenresultsofmodellingand/orindicativemeasurementshalltotheintolimitaccountvalues.

fortheassessmentofairqualitywithrespectbe4.ingTheapplicationinMemberStatesofthecriteriafortosamplingpointsshallbemonitoredbytheCommissionselect-soasoutfacilitatetheEuropeantheharmonisedUnion.

applicationofthosecriteriathrough-Article8

Referencemeasurementmethods

1.odsandMembercriteriaStatesspecifiedshallinapplySectionthereferenceAandSectionmeasurementCofAnnexmeth-VI.

2.conditionsOthersetmeasurementoutinSectionmethodsBofAnnexmayVI.

beusedsubjecttotheSECTION2

Assessmentofambientairqualityinrelationtoozone

Article9Assessmentcriteria

1.haveAnnexexceededWhere,intheazonelong-termoragglomeration,concentrationsofozonefixedmeasurementsVIIduringanyshalloftheobjectivesspecifiedinSectionCofbeprevioustaken.

fiveyearsofmeasurement,2.StatesWheretermduringobjectivesmay,forfewerthethanfiveyears’dataareavailable,Memberreferredpurposestoinofparagraphdetermining1whetherthelong-campaignsthosefiveyears,combinetheresultshavefrombeenmeasurementexceededareemissionlikelyofshortdurationcarriedoutwhenandwherelevelsinventoriestobeattheirandhighest,modelling.

withtheresultsobtainedfromArticle10Samplingpoints

1.shallbeThedeterminedsitingofsamplingusingthepointscriteriaforsettheoutmeasurementinAnnexVIII.ofozone2.eachThesamplingpointsforfixedmeasurementsofsolezoneoragglomerationwithinwhichmeasurementozoneistheinlessSectionthansourceAtheofinformationforassessingairqualityshallnotbeofAnnexminimumIX.

numberofsamplingpointsspecifiedin3.frominformationsamplingForzonespointsandagglomerationsforwithinwhichinformationnumberfrommodellingfixedand/ormeasurementsindicativeismeasurements,supplementedthebymaybereducedofsamplingprovidedpointsthatspecifiedthefollowinginSectionconditionsAofAnnexaremet:IX(a)theforlong-termthesupplementaryassessmentobjectives,ofmethodsairinformationqualityprovidewithandregardsufficientinformation

alertthresholds;totargetvalues,(b)theresolutionnumbertrationofofothersamplingtechniquespointstobeinstalledandthespatial

qualityofenableobjectivesozonetobespecifiedestablishedareinSectioninsufficientaccordancefortheconcen-AofAnnexwiththedatationBassessmentofAnnexI;resultstomeetthecriteriaspecifiedinISec-and(c)thetionnumberofsamplingpointsininhabitantsamountsortooneatleastsamplingonesamplingeachpointperpointzoneoragglomera-50000perkmtwo2millionevermustproducesthegreaternumberofsamplingpoints,,which-butagglomeration;

notbelessthanonesamplingpointineachzoneor

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(d)nitrogenexcepttionAofatdioxideismeasuredatallremainingsamplingpoints

AnnexruralbackgroundVIII.stationsasreferredtoinSec-Thetakenresultstotheintoofmodellingand/orindicativemeasurementshallbetargetaccountvalues.

fortheassessmentofairqualitywithrespect4.ofNitrogendioxideshallbemeasuredataminimumof50AnnextheozonesamplingpointsrequiredunderSectionAof%backgroundIX.Thatwhereotherstations,measurementmeasurementasreferredshallbecontinuousexceptatruralmethodstoinmaySectionbeused.

AofAnnexVIII,5.viousInzonesandagglomerationswhere,duringeachofthelong-termfiveyearsmeasurementsobjectives,ofmeasurement,concentrationsarebelowpre-theofAnnexIX.

shallbethedeterminednumberofinaccordancesamplingpointswithSectionforfixedB6.pointEachMemberStateshallensureconcentrationsisinstalledAnnexofandtheoperatedozoneinprecursoritsterritorythatatleastonesamplingsubstancestosupplylisteddataonofX.EachMemberStateshallchoosethenumberandsitinginmeasured,thestationsdowninAnnextakingatwhichozoneprecursorsubstancesaretobeX.

intoaccounttheobjectivesandmethodslaidArticle11

Referencemeasurementmethods

1.surementMemberStatesshallapplythereferencemethodOthersetoutmeasuringofozone,inSectionmethodssetoutBofAnnexmayinpointVI.

beused8ofsubjectSectionformea-toAtheofconditionsAnnexVI.2.methodsEachitusesMembertosampleStateandshallmeasureinformVOC,theCommissionaslistedinAnnexoftheX.

CHAPTERIII

AMBIENTAIRQUALITYMANAGEMENT

Article12

RequirementswherelevelsarelowerthanthelimitvaluesInnitrogenzonesandidedioxide,agglomerationsPMwherethelevelsofsulphurdioxide,10,PM2,5,lead,benzeneandcarbonmonox-inofAnnexesinambientairarebelowtherespectivelimitvaluesspecifiedpreservethosepollutantsXIandbelowXIV,MemberStatesshallmaintainthelevelsdevelopment.

thebestambientairthequality,limitvaluescompatibleandshallwithendeavoursustainabletoArticle13

Limitvaluesandalerthumanthresholdshealthfortheprotectionof

1.zonesMemberandagglomerations,Statesshalllevelsensureofsulphurthat,dioxide,throughoutPMtheir10,lead,

andueslaidcarbondownmonoxideinAnnexinXI.

ambientairdonotexceedthelimitval-Infiedrespectofnitrogendioxideandtherein.

inAnnexXImaynotbeexceededbenzene,fromthethelimitdatesvaluesspecifiedspeci-CompliancedancewithAnnexwiththeseIII.

requirementsshallbeassessedinaccor-TheaccordancemarginswithoftoleranceArticle22(3)laidanddownArticleinAnnex23(1).

XIshallapplyin2.andThealertthresholdsforconcentrationsofsulphurdioxideSectionnitrogenAofAnnexdioxideXII.

inambientairshallbethoselaiddowninArticle14Criticallevels

1.elsAofspecifiedMemberAnnexinStatesIII.

AnnexshallXIIIensureasassessedcomplianceinaccordancewiththewithcriticalSectionlev-2.tionnotforWhereassessingfixedairmeasurementsquality,thenumberarethesolesourceofinforma-AnnexbelessmeasurementsV.WherethanthethatminimuminformationnumberissupplementedspecifiedofsamplinginpointsshallbySectionCofpointscentrationsmaybereducedormodelling,byuptothe50minimum%solongnumberastheassessedofindicativesamplingcon-danceAnnexwithofI.

thethedatarelevantqualitypollutantobjectivescanspecifiedbeestablishedinSectioninaccor-AofArticle15

NationalPMprotection2,5exposureofhumanreductionhealthtargetforthe

1.ingviewdisproportionateMemberStatesshalltakeallnecessarymeasuresnotentail-inSectiontoattainingcoststoreduceexposuretoPM2,iddown2.catorMemberoffortheyearStates2015shallestablishedensurethatinaccordancetheaveragewithexposureindi-gationAnnexlaidXIVdowndoesinnotSectionexceedCofthethatexposureAnnex.

concentrationSectionobli-A3.inaccordanceTheaveragewithexposureSectionAindicatorofAnnexforXIV.

PM2,5shallbeassessed4.ensureEachMemberStateshall,inaccordancewithAnnexonthatthedistributionandthenumberofsamplingpointsIII,thewhichtheaverageexposureindicatorforPM2,5isbasedreflectplinggeneralofSectionpointspopulationBshallofAnnexbenoexposureadequately.Thenumberofsam-V.

lessthanthatdeterminedbyapplication

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Article16

PM2,5targetvalueandlimitvaluefortheprotectionof

humanhealth1.MemberStatesshalltakeallnecessarymeasuresnotentail-ingdisproportionatecoststoensurethatconcentrationsofPMinambientairdonotexceedthetargetvaluelaiddowninSection2,5DofAnnexXIVasfromthedatespecifiedtherein.

2.MemberStatesshallensurethatconcentrationsofPMdonotexceedthelimitvaluelaiddowninSection2,pliancewiththisrequirementshallbeassessedinaccordancewithAnnexIII.

3.ThemarginoftolerancelaiddowninSectionEofAnnexXIVshallapplyinaccordancewithArticle23(1).

Article17

Requirementsinzonesandagglomerationswhereozoneconcentrationsexceedthetargetvaluesandlong-term

objectives1.MemberStatesshalltakeallnecessarymeasuresnotentail-ingdisproportionatecoststoensurethatthetargetvaluesandlong-termobjectivesareattained.

2.Forzonesandagglomerationsinwhichatargetvalueisexceeded,MemberStatesshallensurethattheprogrammepre-paredpursuanttoArticle6ofDirective2001/81/ECand,ifappropriate,anairqualityplanisimplementedinordertoattainthetargetvalues,savewherenotachievablethroughmeasuresnotentailingdisproportionatecosts,asfromthedatespecifiedinSec-tionBofAnnexVIItothisDirective.

3.Forzonesandagglomerationsinwhichthelevelsofozoneinambientairarehigherthanthelong-termobjectivesbutbelow,orequalto,thetargetvalues,MemberStatesshallprepareandimplementcost-effectivemeasureswiththeaimofachievingthelong-termobjectives.Thosemeasuresshall,atleast,beconsistentwithalltheairqualityplansandtheprogrammereferredtoinparagraph2.

Article18

Requirementsinzonesandagglomerationswhereozone

concentrationsmeetthelong-termobjectivesInzonesandagglomerationsinwhichozonelevelsmeetthelong-termobjectives,MemberStatesshall,insofarasfactorsinclud-ingthetransboundarynatureofozonepollutionandmeteorologicalconditionspermit,maintainthoselevelsbelowthelong-termobjectivesandshallpreservethroughproportionatemeasuresthebestambientairqualitycompatiblewithsustainabledevelopmentandahighlevelofenvironmentalandhumanhealthprotection.

Article19

Measuresrequiredthresholdsinthebeingeventexceededofinformationoralert

WherethetheinformationthresholdspecifiedinAnnexXIIshallalertradio,takethresholdstelevision,thenecessarylaiddownnewspapersstepsthereinortotheinformisexceeded,oranyofInternet.

thepublicMemberbymeansStatesofMembervisionaldurationbasis,StatesinformationshallalsoforwardconcerningtotheCommission,onapro-mationthresholdoftheperiodswasexceeded.

duringwhichthethealertlevelsthresholdrecordedorandinfor-theArticle20

Contributionsfromnaturalsources

1.year,valueslistsMemberofzonesStatesandshallagglomerationstransmittothewhereCommission,exceedancesforagivenMemberforagivenpollutantareattributabletonaturaloflimitsourcesattributableandStatestotheshallprovideinformationonconcentrationssources.andnaturalevidencesources.

demonstratingthattheexceedancesare2.anceWheregraphattributabletheCommissiontohasbeeninformedofanexceed-forthe1,purposesthatexceedancenaturalofthisDirective.

shallsourcesnotbeconsideredinaccordanceasanexceedancewithpara-3.forTheCommissionshallby11June2010publishguidelinesnaturaldemonstrationsources.

andsubtractionofexceedancesattributabletoArticle21

Exceedancesattributabletoroadswinter-sandingor-saltingof

1.withinMemberduewhichlimitStatesvaluesmayfordesignatePMzonesoragglomerations10or-saltingtothere-suspensionofroads.

ofparticulatesarefollowingexceededwinter-sandinginambientair2.zonesMemberStatesshallsendthetrationsorandagglomerationssourcesofPMtogetherwithCommissioninformationlistsofonanyconcen-such10therein.

3.ArticleWheninformingdemonstrate27,MemberticulatesthatanyStatestheexceedancesshallCommissionprovideinaccordancewithareduethenecessarytoevidencetotheconcentrations.

andthatreasonablemeasureshavebeenre-suspendedtakentolowerpar-4.agglomerationsWithoutprejudicetoArticle20,inthecaseberArticleStatesneedreferredtoestablishtointheparagraphairquality1ofplanthisofzonesandprovidedArticle,Mem-sources23otheronlythaninsowinter-sandingfarasexceedancesor-saltingareattributableforinofroads.

toPM10

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5.TheCommissionshallby11June2010publishguidelinesfordeterminationofcontributionsfromthere-suspensionofpar-ticulatesfollowingwinter-sandingor-saltingofroads.

Article22

Postponementofattainmentdeadlinesandexemptionfromtheobligationtoapplycertainlimitvalues

1.Where,inagivenzoneoragglomeration,conformitywiththelimitvaluesfornitrogendioxideorbenzenecannotbeachievedbythedeadlinesspecifiedinAnnexXI,aMemberStatemaypostponethosedeadlinesbyamaximumoffiveyearsforthatparticularzoneoragglomeration,onconditionthatanairqualityplanisestablishedinaccordancewithArticle23forthezoneoragglomerationtowhichthepostponementwouldapply;suchairqualityplanshallbesupplementedbytheinformationlistedinSectionBofAnnexXVrelatedtothepollutantscon-cernedandshalldemonstratehowconformitywillbeachievedwiththelimitvaluesbeforethenewdeadline.

2.Where,inagivenzoneoragglomeration,conformitywiththelimitvaluesforPMofsite-specific10asspecifiedinAnnexXIcannotbeachievedbecausedispersioncharacteristics,adverseclimaticconditionsortransboundarycontributions,aMemberStateshallbeexemptfromtheobligationtoapplythoselimitval-uesuntil11June2011providedthattheconditionslaiddowninparagraph1arefulfilledandthattheMemberStateshowsthatallappropriatemeasureshavebeentakenatnational,regionalandlocalleveltomeetthedeadlines.

3.WhereaMemberStateappliesparagraphs1or2,itshallensurethatthelimitvalueforeachpollutantisnotexceededbymorethanthemaximummarginoftolerancespecifiedinAnnexXIforeachofthepollutantsconcerned.

4.MemberStatesshallnotifytheCommissionwhere,intheirview,paragraphs1or2areapplicable,andshallcommunicatetheairqualityplanreferredtoinparagraph1includingallrel-evantinformationnecessaryfortheCommissiontoassesswhetherment,ornottherelevantconditionsaresatisfied.ontheCommissionshalltakeintoaccountestimatedInitsassess-effectsfuture,ambientwellofairqualityintheMemberStates,atpresentandinthemunityasestimatedmeasuresposedbymeasureseffectsthathavebeentakenbytheMemberStatesastheCommission.

andplannedonambientCommunityairqualitymeasuresofcurrenttobeCom-pro-WheremonthstheCommissionhasraisednoobjectionswithinthesatisfied.

applicationofreceiptofofparagraphsthatnotification,1orthe2shallrelevantbedeemedconditionsninetoforbeIfStatesobjectionstoadjustareorraised,providethenewCommissionairqualityplans.

mayrequireMemberCHAPTERIVPLANS

Article23

Airqualityplans

1.Where,ingivenzonesoragglomerations,thelevelsofpol-lutantsinambientairexceedanylimitvalueortargetvalue,plusanyrelevantmarginoftoleranceineachcase,MemberStatesshallensurethatairqualityplansareestablishedforthosezonesandagglomerationsinordertoachievetherelatedlimitvalueortar-getvaluespecifiedinAnnexesXIandXIV.

Intheeventofexceedancesofthoselimitvaluesforwhichtheattainmentdeadlineisalreadyexpired,theairqualityplansshallsetoutappropriatemeasures,sothattheexceedanceperiodcanbekeptasshortaspossible.Theairqualityplansmayaddition-allyincludespecificmeasuresaimingattheprotectionofsensi-tivepopulationgroups,includingchildren.

ThoselistedsuantinairCommissiontoSectionqualityplansshallincorporateatleasttheinformationArticleA24.ofAnnexXVandmayincludemeasurespur-endoftheyearwithoutThosethefirstdelay,plansexceedancebutnoshalllaterbecommunicatedtothewasthanobserved.

twoyearsaftertheWhererespectairpriate,ingallprepareofseveralqualityplansmustbepreparedorimplementedinpollutantsandpollutants,concerned.

implementMemberintegratedStatesairqualityshall,whereplansappro-cover-2.tencyMemberStatesshall,totheextentDirectivewithachievethe2001/81/ECotherplansrequiredunderfeasible,Directiveensure2001/80/EC,consis-relevantenvironmentalorDirectiveobjectives.

2002/49/ECinordertoArticle24

Short-termactionplans

1.theWhere,inagivenzoneoragglomeration,thereisoldslevelsplansspecifiedofpollutantsinAnnexwillXII,exceedMemberoneStatesormoreshalloftheariskthatdrawalertupthresh-orderindicatingthemeasurestobetakenintheshorttermactioninthisfiedrisktoreducetheriskordurationofsuchanexceedance.Whereappropriate,inAnnexesappliestooneormorelimitvaluesortargetvaluesspeci-drawVII,upsuchXIandshort-termXIV,MemberactionStatesplans.

may,whereHowever,specifiedwherethereisariskthatthealertthresholdStatesinSectionBofAnnexXIIwillbeexceeded,forMemberozonetheirnationalopinionshallonlytogeographical,theredrawisaupsuchshort-termactionplanswheninmeteorologicalsignificantpotential,andeconomictakingintoconditions,accountWhenreduceshalltakedrawingtherisk,durationorseverityofsuchanexceedance.accountupofsuchDecisionashort-term2004/279/EC.

actionplanMemberStates

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2.dependingTheshort-termtoutecontroland,ontheactionplansreferredtoinparagraph1may,whereindividualnecessary,case,suspendprovideforeffectivemeasuresalerttotheriskoftherespectivelimitvaluesactivitiesorwhichcontrib-measuresthresholdbeingexceeded.Thoseactionplanstargetmayvaluesincludeorshipsdomesticatberth,inrelationsitiveheating.andSpecificthetomotor-vehicleusetraffic,constructionworks,actionsofindustrialaimingatplantstheorproductsanderedinpopulationtheframeworkgroups,ofincludingthoseplans.

children,mayprotectionalsobeconsid-ofsen-3.plan,WhenMemberStateshavedrawnupaorganisationstheyshallmakeavailabletothepublicandshort-termtoappropriateactionorganisations,populationorganisationssuchasenvironmentalrepresentingorganisations,theinterestsofconsumersensitiveevantonplanstheindustrialgroups,asfeasibilityfederationsotherrelevantwellasinformationandthecontentboththehealth-carebodiesandtherel-ontheimplementationofresultsspecificoftheirshort-terminvestigationsoftheseactionplans.

4.valsForthefirsttimebefore11June2010andatregularinter-practicesthereafter,ingpopulationexamplesforthethegroups,ofdrawing-upCommissionshallpublishexamplesofbestbestincludingpracticesofshort-termchildren.

fortheprotectionactionplans,ofsensitiveinclud-Article25

Transboundaryairpollution

1.anyexceededrelevantWhereanymarginalertthreshold,oftolerancelimitvalueortargetvalueplusantsduetosignificanttransboundaryorlong-termtransportofobjectiveairpollut-iserateorpreparationand,theirwhereprecursors,theMemberStatesconcernedshallcoop-Articleapplication23inofofappropriateorderjointappropriate,ortocoordinateddrawupjointactivities,suchastheremovebutproportionatesuchairexceedancesqualityplanspursuanttomeasures.

throughthe2.inate,anyThecooperationCommissionreferredshallbetoinvitedinparagraphtobepresentandtoassistlishedtheCommissionshall,takingintoaccount1.theWherereportsappropri-estab-whetherpursuantorderfurthertoactionArticleshould9ofDirective2001/81/EC,considerarypollution.

toreduceprecursoremissionsbetakenresponsibleatCommunityfortransbound-levelin3.prepareMemberStatesshall,ifappropriatepursuanttoArticle24,neighbouringandimplementensurehavethatneighbouringzonesinotherjointzonesMembershort-termactionplanscoveringinotherStates.MemberMemberStatesStateswhichshallinformation.

developedshort-termactionplansreceiveallappropriate4.exceededWhereinzonestheinformationoragglomerationsthresholdcloseoralerttonationalthresholdsborders,

areinformationtentshallbeprovidedassoonaspossibletothecompe-ThatauthoritiesinformationinshalltheneighbouringalsobemadeavailableMembertoStatesthepublic.concerned.5.andberinIninformingdrawinguptheplanspublicasprovidedforinparagraphs1and3tionStatescountries.

withshall,thirdwhereasreferredtoinparagraph4,Mem-countries,appropriate,andinendeavourparticulartopursuewithcandidatecoopera-CHAPTERV

INFORMATIONANDREPORTING

Article26Publicinformation

1.priateMemberStatesshallensurethatthepublicaswellasappro-sumerorganisationssensitiveorganisations,suchorganisationsasenvironmentalrepresentingorganisations,con-relevantpopulations,otherrelevanthealth-carethebodiesinterestsandtheofgoodtime,industrialofthefollowing:

federationsareinformed,adequatelyandin(a)ambientairqualityinaccordancewithAnnexXVI;(b)anypostponementdecisionspursuanttoArticle22(1);(c)anyexemptionspursuanttoArticle22(2);

(d)airArticlequality23andplansprogrammesasprovidedreferredfortoininArticleArticle22(1)17(2).and

Theofappropriateanyinformationeasilyaccessibleshallbemediamadeavailablefreeofchargebymeansaccounttheprovisionsmeansoftelecommunication,includingtheInternetlaiddowninDirectiveandoranyother2007/2/EC.shalltakeinto2.reportsMemberforallpollutantsStatesshallcoveredmakeavailablebythisDirective.

tothepublicannualThosetargetreportsshallsummarisethelevelsexceedingalerttionofshallthresholds,values,long-termbecombinedfortheobjectives,informationthresholdslimitvalues,andwithrelevantaaveragingperiods.Thatinforma-ate,thoseexceedances.Thereportssummarymayinclude,assessmentoftheeffectswellfurtherinformationandassessmentsonforestwhereprotectionappropri-asprovisionsasinformationnon-regulatedarespecifiedonotherpollutantsforwhichmonitoringAnnexX.

ozoneprecursorinthisDirective,substancessuchaslistedas,interinaliaSection,selectedBof3.authorityMemberArticle3.

orbodyStatesdesignatedshallinforminrelationthepublictothetasksofthereferredcompetenttoinArticle27

Transmissionofinformationandreporting

1.qualityMemberStatesshallensurethatinformationontimescaleismadeavailabletotheCommissionwithintheambientrequiredairtoinArticleasdetermined28(2).

bytheimplementingmeasuresreferred

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2.anceInanyevent,forthespecificpurposeofassessingcompli-targetwithCommissionvalues,thelimitvaluesandcriticallevelsandtheattainmentofandshallinclude:

nosuchlaterinformationthanninemonthsshallbeaftermadetheendavailableofeachtoyearthe(a)thezoneschangesandagglomerationsmadeinthatyearestablishedtothelistunderandArticledelimitation4;of

(b)theonelistofzonesandagglomerationsintheormorepollutantsarehigherthanthewhichlimitthelevelsof

getmarginoftolerancewhereapplicableorhighervaluesthanplustar-agglomerations:

valuesorcriticallevels;andforthesezonesand(i)

levelswhensuchassessedlevelsand,wereifobserved;

relevant,thedatesandperiods(ii)ifnaturalappropriate,anfollowingsourcesassessmentoncontributionsfrom

elswinter-sandingandfromre-suspensionofparticulatesArticlesassessed,20andas21.declaredorto-saltingtheCommissionofroadstotheunderlev-3.fromParagraphs1and2shallapplyintothebeginningofthesecondcalendartoinformationyearaftercollectedasArticleforce28(2).

oftheimplementingmeasuresreferredthetoentryinArticle28

Implementingmeasures

1.thisMeasuresdesignedtoamendthenon-essentialelementsofAnnexDirective,namelyAnnexesItoVI,AnnexesVIIItoXandprocedureXV,withshallscrutinybeadoptedreferredinaccordancetoinArticlewith29(3).

theregulatoryHowever,indirectlythemodifyingamendmentseithermayofthenotfollowing:

havetheeffectofdirectlyor(a)thegetlimitobjectivesvalues,values,specifiedinformationexposurereductioninAnnexoralertVIIandthresholdstargets,criticalAnnexesorlevels,XIlong-termtar-toXIV;(b)thetoindatespointfor(a).compliancewithanyoftheparametersreferred

2.procedureTheCommissioninformationreferredArticletobemadetoinshall,inaccordancewiththeregulatoryavailableArticle29(2),byMemberdetermineStatestheadditionaltobecommunicated.

27aswellasthetimescalesinwhichsuchinformationpursuanttoisThedataCommissionshallalsoidentifywaysofstreamliningthedataarepollutionfromreportedandthereciprocalexchangeofinformationwayandlatoryprocedurewithinnetworkstheandreferredMemberindividualtoinStates,stationsArticleinmeasuringambientair29(2).

accordancewiththeregu-3.mentsTheArticleon6(5).

settingCommissionupcommonshalldrawmeasuringupguidelinesstationsasforreferredtheagree-toin4.tionofTheequivalenceCommissionreferredshalltopublishinSectionguidanceBofonAnnexthedemonstra-VI.

CHAPTERVI

COMMITTEE,TRANSITIONALANDFINALPROVISIONS

Article29Committee

1.AmbientTheAirCommissionQualityCommittee’.

shallbeassistedbyacommittee,‘the2.ofWherereferenceismadetothisparagraph,Articles5and7visionsDecisionofArticle1999/468/EC8thereof.

shallapply,havingregardtothepro-Theshallperiodbesetatlaidthreedownmonths.

inArticle5(6)ofDecision1999/468/EC3.toWherereferenceismadetothisparagraph,regard(4)andtotheArticleprovisions7ofDecisionArticle5a(1)ofArticle1999/468/EC8thereof.

shallapply,havingArticle30Penalties

MemberinfringementsStatesDirectiveofshallthelaydowntherulesonpenaltiesapplicabletoareproportionateimplemented.andshallandThetakenationalallmeasuresprovisionsnecessaryadoptedtopursuantensurethattotheythisdissuasive.

penaltiesprovidedformustbeeffective,Article31

Repealandtransitionalprovisions

1.2002/3/ECDirectives96/62/EC,1999/30/EC,prejudicetime-limitstoshallforthetranspositionobligationsberepealedoronasapplicationthefromMember11June2000/69/EC2010,withoutandofthoseStatesDirectives.relatingtoHowever,from11June2008,thefollowingshallapply:(a)inreplacedDirectivebythe96/62/EC,following:

paragraph1ofArticle12shallbe

‘1.tionThedetailedarrangementsaccordancetobeprovidedwiththeprocedureunderArticleforforwardingreferred11shalltoinbetheparagraphadoptedinforma-3.’;in(b)inofDirectiveAnnexVIII1999/30/EC,andpointVIArticleofAnnex7(7),IXfootnoteshallbe1deleted;inpointI

(c)inAnnexDirectiveVIIshall2000/69/EC,bedeleted;Article5(7)andpointIIIin

(d)inAnnexDirectiveVIIIshall2002/3/EC,bedeleted.

Article9(5)andpointIIof

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2.Notwithstandingthefirstsubparagraphofparagraph1,thefollowingArticlesshallremaininforce:

(a)Article5ofDirective96/62/ECuntil31December2010;(b)Article11(1)ofDirective96/62/ECandArticle10(1),(2)

and(3)ofDirective2002/3/ECuntiltheendofthesecondcalendaryearfollowingtheentryintoforceoftheimple-mentingmeasuresreferredtoinArticle28(2)ofthisDirective;(c)Article9(3)and(4)ofDirective1999/30/ECuntil31Decem-ber2009.3.ReferencesmadetotherepealedDirectivesshallbecon-struedasbeingmadetothisDirectiveandshouldbereadinaccordancewiththecorrelationtableinAnnexXVII.

4.Decision97/101/ECshallberepealedwitheffectfromtheendofthesecondcalendaryearfollowingtheentryintoforceoftheimplementingmeasuresreferredtoinArticle28(2)ofthisDirective.

However,thethird,fourthandfifthindentsofArticle7ofDeci-sion97/101/ECshallbedeletedwitheffectfrom11June2008.

Article32Review

1.In2013theCommissionshallreviewtheprovisionsrelatedtoPM2,5and,asappropriate,otherpollutants,andshallpresentaproposaltotheEuropeanParliamentandtheCouncil.

AsregardsPM2,5,thereviewshallbeundertakenwithaviewtoestablishingalegallybindingnationalexposurereductionobliga-tioninordertoreplacethenationalexposurereductiontargetandtoreviewtheexposureconcentrationobligationlaiddowninArticle15,takingintoaccount,interalia,thefollowingelements:—latestscientificinformationfromWHOandotherrelevant

organisations,—airqualitysituationsandreductionpotentialsintheMember

States,—therevisionofDirective2001/81/EC,

—progressmadeinimplementingCommunityreductionmea-suresforairpollutants,2.TheCommissionshalltakeintoaccountthefeasibilityofadoptingamoreambitiouslimitvalueforPM2,5,shallreviewtheindicativelimitvalueofthesecondstageforPM2,5andconsiderconfirmingoralteringthatvalue.

3.Aspartofthereview,theCommissionshallalsoprepareareportontheexperienceandonthenecessityofmonitoringofPM10andPM2,5,takingintoaccounttechnicalprogressinauto-maticmeasuringtechniques.Ifappropriate,newreferencemeth-odsforthemeasurementofPM10andPM2,5shallbeproposed.

Article33Transposition

1.MemberStatesshallbringintoforcethelaws,regulationsandadministrativeprovisionsnecessarytocomplywiththisDirectivebefore11June2010.Theyshallforthwithcommuni-catetotheCommissionthetextofthosemeasures.

WhenMemberStatesadoptthesemeasures,theyshallcontainareferencetothisDirectiveorshallbeaccompaniedbysuchrefer-enceontheoccasionoftheirofficialpublication.ThemethodsofmakingsuchreferenceshallbelaiddownbyMemberStates.2.However,MemberStatesshallensurethatasufficientnum-berofurbanbackgroundmeasurementstationsofPM2,5neces-saryforthecalculationoftheAverageExposureIndicator,inaccordancewithSectionBofAnnexV,isestablishedatthelatestby1January2009,inordertocomplywiththetimeframeandtheconditionsindicatedinSectionAofAnnexXIV.

3.MemberStatesshallcommunicatetotheCommissionthetextofthemainprovisionsofnationallawwhichtheyadoptinthefieldcoveredbythisDirective.

Article34Entryintoforce

ThisDirectiveshallenterintoforceonthedayofitspublicationintheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion.

Article35Addressees

ThisDirectiveisaddressedtotheMemberStates.

DoneatStrasbourg,21May2008.

FortheEuropeanParliament

ThePresident

H.-G.PÖTTERING

FortheCouncilThePresident

J.LENAR I

ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe(2008-50-EC)欧盟空气质量标准法案(2008-50-EC)

L152/14ENOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion11.6.2008

ANNEXI

DATAQUALITYOBJECTIVES

A.Dataqualityobjectivesforambientairqualityassessment

Sulphurdioxide,nitrogendioxideandoxidesofnitro-genandcarbonmonoxide

Benzene

Particulatematter(PM10/PM2,5)and

lead

OzoneandrelatedNOandNO2

Fixedmeasurements(1)Uncertainty

Minimumdatacapture

15%90%

25%90%

25%90%

15%90%duringsummer75%duringwin-ter

Minimumtimecoverage:—urbanbackgroundandtraffic—industrialsitesIndicativemeasurementsUncertainty

MinimumdatacaptureMinimumtimecoverageModellinguncertainty:Hourly

Eight-houraveragesDailyaveragesAnnualaveragesObjectiveestimationUncertainty

50%50%50%30%75%

———50%100%

——notyetdefined

50%100%

50%50%——75%

25%90%14%(4)

30%90%14%(3)

50%90%14%(4)

30%90%>10%duringsummer

——

35%(2)90%

——

——

(1)MemberStatesmayapplyrandommeasurementsinsteadofcontinuousmeasurementsforbenzene,leadandparticulatematteriftheycandemonstratetotheCommissionthattheuncertainty,includingtheuncertaintyduetorandomsampling,meetsthequalityobjectiveof25%andthetimecoverageisstilllargerthantheminimumtimecoverageforindicativemeasurements.Randomsam-plingmustbeevenlydistributedovertheyearinordertoavoidskewingofresults.TheuncertaintyduetorandomsamplingmaybedeterminedbytheprocedurelaiddowninISO11222(2002)‘AirQuality—DeterminationoftheUncertaintyoftheTimeAverageofAirQualityMeasurements’.IfrandommeasurementsareusedtoassesstherequirementsofthePM10limitvalue,the90,4per-centile(tobelowerthanorequalto50µg/m3)shouldbeevaluatedinsteadofthenumberofexceedances,whichishighlyinfluencedbydatacoverage.2()Distributedovertheyeartoberepresentativeofvariousconditionsforclimateandtraffic.

(3)Oneday’smeasurementaweekatrandom,evenlydistributedovertheyear,oreightweeksevenlydistributedovertheyear.(4)Onemeasurementaweekatrandom,evenlydistributedovertheyear,oreightweeksevenlydistributedovertheyear.

Theuncertainty(expressedata95%confidencelevel)oftheassessmentmethodswillbeevaluatedinaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheCENGuidetotheExpressionofUncertaintyinMeasurement(ENV13005-1999),themethodol-ogyofISO5725:1994andtheguidanceprovidedintheCENreport‘AirQuality—ApproachtoUncertaintyEstima-tionforAmbientAirReferenceMeasurementMethods’(CR14377:2002E).Thepercentagesforuncertaintyintheabovetablearegivenforindividualmeasurementsaveragedovertheperiodconsideredbythelimitvalue(ortargetvalueinthecaseofozone),fora95%confidenceinterval.Theuncertaintyforthefixedmeasurementsshallbeinterpretedasbeingapplicableintheregionoftheappropriatelimitvalue(ortargetvalueinthecaseofozone).

Theuncertaintyformodellingisdefinedasthemaximumdeviationofthemeasuredandcalculatedconcentrationlevelsfor90%ofindividualmonitoringpoints,overtheperiodconsidered,bythelimitvalue(ortargetvalueinthecaseofozone),withouttakingintoaccountthetimingoftheevents.Theuncertaintyformodellingshallbeinterpretedasbeingapplicableintheregionoftheappropriatelimitvalue(ortargetvalueinthecaseofozone).Thefixedmeasurementsthathavetobeselectedforcomparisonwithmodellingresultsshallberepresentativeofthescalecoveredbythemodel.

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Theuncertaintyforobjectiveestimationisdefinedasthemaximumdeviationofthemeasuredandcalculatedconcen-trationlevels,overtheperiodconsidered,bythelimitvalue(ortargetvalueinthecaseofozone),withouttakingintoaccountthetimingoftheevents.

Therequirementsforminimumdatacaptureandtimecoveragedonotincludelossesofdataduetotheregularcali-brationorthenormalmaintenanceoftheinstrumentation.B.Resultsofairqualityassessment

Thefollowinginformationshallbecompiledforzonesoragglomerationswithinwhichsourcesotherthanmeasure-mentareemployedtosupplementinformationfrommeasurementorasthesolemeansofairqualityassessment:————

adescriptionofassessmentactivitiescarriedout,

thespecificmethodsused,withreferencestodescriptionsofthemethod,thesourcesofdataandinformation,

adescriptionofresults,includinguncertaintiesand,inparticular,theextentofanyareaor,ifrelevant,thelengthofroadwithinthezoneoragglomerationoverwhichconcentrationsexceedanylimitvalue,targetvalueorlong-termobjectiveplusmarginoftolerance,ifapplicable,andofanyareawithinwhichconcentrationsexceedtheupperassessmentthresholdorthelowerassessmentthreshold,

thepopulationpotentiallyexposedtolevelsinexcessofanylimitvalueforprotectionofhumanhealth.

—

C.Qualityassuranceforambientairqualityassessment:datavalidation

1.ToensureaccuracyofmeasurementsandcompliancewiththedataqualityobjectiveslaiddowninSectionA,theappropriatecompetentauthoritiesandbodiesdesignatedpursuanttoArticle3shallensurethefollowing:—

thatallmeasurementsundertakeninrelationtotheassessmentofambientairqualitypursuanttoArticles6and9aretraceableinaccordancewiththerequirementssetoutinSection5.6.2.2oftheISO/IEC17025:2005,thatinstitutionsoperatingnetworksandindividualstationshaveanestablishedqualityassuranceandqualitycontrolsystemwhichprovidesforregularmaintenancetoassuretheaccuracyofmeasuringdevices,thataqualityassurance/qualitycontrolprocessisestablishedfortheprocessofdatacollectionandreportingandthatinstitutionsappointedforthistaskactivelyparticipateintherelatedCommunity-widequalityassur-anceprogrammes,

thatthenationallaboratories,whenappointedbytheappropriatecompetentauthorityorbodydesignatedpur-suanttoArticle3,thataretakingpartinCommunity-wideintercomparisonscoveringpollutantsregulatedinthisDirective,areaccreditedaccordingtoEN/ISO17025by2010forthereferencemethodsreferredtoinAnnexVI.TheselaboratoriesshallbeinvolvedinthecoordinationonMemberStatesterritoryoftheCommu-nitywidequalityassuranceprogrammestobeorganisedbytheCommissionandshallalsocoordinate,onthenationallevel,theappropriaterealisationofreferencemethodsandthedemonstrationofequivalenceofnon-referencemethods.

—

—

—

2.AllreporteddataunderArticle27shallbedeemedtobevalidexceptdataflaggedasprovisional.

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L152/16ENOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion11.6.2008

ANNEXII

Determinationofrequirementsforassessmentofconcentrationsofsulphurdioxide,nitrogendioxideandoxidesofnitrogen,particulatematter(PM10andPM2,5),lead,benzeneandcarbonmonoxideinambientair

withinazoneoragglomeration

A.Upperandlowerassessmentthresholds

Thefollowingupperandlowerassessmentthresholdswillapply:

1.Sulphurdioxide

Healthprotection

Vegetationprotection

Upperassessmentthreshold

60%of24-hourlimitvalue(75µg/m3,nottobeexceededmorethan3timesinanycalendaryear)

40%of24-hourlimitvalue(50µg/m3,nottobeexceededmorethanthreetimesinanycalendaryear)

60%ofwintercriticallevel(12µg/m3)

40%ofwintercriticallevel(8µg/m3)

Lowerassessmentthreshold

2.Nitrogendioxideandoxidesofnitrogen

Annualcriticallevelfortheprotectionofvegetationandnaturalecosystems(NOx)

Hourlylimitvaluefortheprotectionof

humanhealth(NO2)

Annuallimitvaluefortheprotectionofhumanhealth(NO2)

Upperassessmentthreshold

70%oflimitvalue(140µg/m3,nottobeexceededmorethan18timesinanycalendaryear)

50%oflimitvalue(100µg/m3,nottobeexceededmorethan18timesinanycalendaryear)

80%oflimitvalue(32µg/m3)65%oflimitvalue(26µg/m3)

80%ofcriticallevel(24µg/m3)65%ofcriticallevel(19,5µg/m3)

Lowerassessmentthreshold

3.Particulatematter(PM10/PM2,5)

AnnualaveragePM2,5(1)

24-houraveragePM10AnnualaveragePM10

Upperassessmentthreshold

70%oflimitvalue(35µg/m3,nottobeexceededmorethan35timesinanycalendaryear)

50%oflimitvalue(25µg/m3,nottobeexceededmorethan35timesinanycalendaryear)

70%oflimitvalue(28µg/m3)50%oflimitvalue(20µg/m3)

70%oflimitvalue(17µg/m3)50%oflimitvalue(12µg/m3)

Lowerassessmentthreshold

(1)TheupperassessmentthresholdandthelowerassessmentthresholdforPM2,5donotapplytothemeasurementstoassesscom-pliancewiththePM2,5exposurereductiontargetfortheprotectionofhumanhealth.

4.Lead

Annualaverage

UpperassessmentthresholdLowerassessmentthreshold

70%oflimitvalue(0,35µg/m3)50%oflimitvalue(0,25µg/m3)

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11.6.2008EN5.Benzene

OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnionL152/17

Annualaverage

UpperassessmentthresholdLowerassessmentthreshold

70%oflimitvalue(3,5µg/m3)40%oflimitvalue(2µg/m3)

6.Carbonmonoxide

Eight-houraverage

UpperassessmentthresholdLowerassessmentthreshold

70%oflimitvalue(7mg/m3)50%oflimitvalue(5mg/m3)

B.Determinationofexceedancesofupperandlowerassessmentthresholds

Exceedancesofupperandlowerassessmentthresholdsshallbedeterminedonthebasisofconcentrationsduringthepreviousfiveyearswheresufficientdataareavailable.Anassessmentthresholdshallbedeemedtohavebeenexceededifithasbeenexceededduringatleastthreeseparateyearsoutofthosepreviousfiveyears.

Wherefewerthanfiveyears’dataareavailable,MemberStatesmaycombinemeasurementcampaignsofshortdurationduringtheperiodoftheyearandatlocationslikelytobetypicalofthehighestpollutionlevelswithresultsobtainedfrominformationfromemissioninventoriesandmodellingtodetermineexceedancesoftheupperandlowerassess-mentthresholds.

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L152/18ENOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion11.6.2008

ANNEXIII

Assessmentofambientairqualityandlocationofsamplingpointsforthemeasurementofsulphurdioxide,

nitrogendioxideandoxidesofnitrogen,particulatematter(PM10andPM2,5),lead,benzene

andcarbonmonoxideinambientair

A.General

Ambientairqualityshallbeassessedinallzonesandagglomerationsinaccordancewiththefollowingcriteria:1.Ambientairqualityshallbeassessedatalllocationsexceptthoselistedinparagraph2,inaccordancewiththecriteria

pliancewiththelimitvaluesdirectedattheprotectionofhumanhealthshallnotbeassessedatthefollowing

locations:

(a)anylocationssituatedwithinareaswheremembersofthepublicdonothaveaccessandthereisnofixedhabitation;(b)inaccordancewithArticle2(1),onfactorypremisesoratindustrialinstallationstowhichallrelevantprovisionsconcerninghealthandsafetyatworkapply;(c)onthecarriagewayofroads;andonthecentralreservationsofroadsexceptwherethereisnormallypedestrianaccesstothecentralreservation.

B.Macroscalesitingofsamplingpoints1.Protectionofhumanhealth

(a)Samplingpointsdirectedattheprotectionofhumanhealthshallbesitedinsuchawayastoprovidedataonthefollowing:—

theareaswithinzonesandagglomerationswherethehighestconcentrationsoccurtowhichthepopulationislikelytobedirectlyorindirectlyexposedforaperiodwhichissignificantinrelationtotheaveragingperiodofthelimitvalue(s),

levelsinotherareaswithinthezonesandagglomerationswhicharerepresentativeoftheexposureofthegen-eralpopulation,

—

(b)Samplingpointsshallingeneralbesitedinsuchawayastoavoidmeasuringverysmallmicro-environmentsintheirimmediatevicinity,whichmeansthatasamplingpointmustbesitedinsuchawaythattheairsampledisrepresentativeofairqualityforastreetsegmentnolessthan100mlengthattraffic-orientatedsitesandatleast250m×250matindustrialsites,wherefeasible;(c)Urbanbackgroundlocationsshallbelocatedsothattheirpollutionlevelisinfluencedbytheintegratedcontribu-tionfromallsourcesupwindofthestation.Thepollutionlevelshouldnotbedominatedbyasinglesourceunlesssuchasituationistypicalforalargerurbanarea.Thosesamplingpointsshall,asageneralrule,berepresentativeforseveralsquarekilometres;(d)Wheretheobjectiveistoassessruralbackgroundlevels,thesamplingpointshallnotbeinfluencedbyagglomera-tionsorindustrialsitesinitsvicinity,i.e.sitescloserthanfivekilometres;(e)Wherecontributionsfromindustrialsourcesaretobeassessed,atleastonesamplingpointshallbeinstalleddown-windofthesourceinthenearestresidentialarea.Wherethebackgroundconcentrationisnotknown,anadditionalsamplingpointshallbesituatedwithinthemainwinddirection;(f)Samplingpointsshall,wherepossible,alsoberepresentativeofsimilarlocationsnotintheirimmediatevicinity;(g)Accountshallbetakenoftheneedtolocatesamplingpointsonislandswherethatisnecessaryfortheprotectionofhumanhealth.

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11.6.2008ENOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnionL152/19

2.Protectionofvegetationandnaturalecosystems

Samplingpointstargetedattheprotectionofvegetationandnaturalecosystemsshallbesitedmorethan20kmawayfromagglomerationsormorethan5kmawayfromotherbuilt-upareas,industrialinstallationsormotorwaysormajorroadswithtrafficcountsofmorethan50000vehiclesperday,whichmeansthatasamplingpointmustbesitedinsuchawaythattheairsampledisrepresentativeofairqualityinasurroundingareaofatleast1000km2.AMemberStatemayprovideforasamplingpointtobesitedatalesserdistanceortoberepresentativeofairqualityinalessextendedarea,takingaccountofgeographicalconditionsoroftheopportunitiestoprotectparticularlyvulnerableareas.Accountshallbetakenoftheneedtoassessairqualityonislands.

C.Microscalesitingofsamplingpoints

Insofarasispracticable,thefollowingshallapply:—

theflowaroundtheinletsamplingprobeshallbeunrestricted(freeinanarcofatleast270°)withoutanyobstruc-tionsaffectingtheairflowinthevicinityofthesampler(normallysomemetresawayfrombuildings,balconies,treesandotherobstaclesandatleast0,5mfromthenearestbuildinginthecaseofsamplingpointsrepresentingairqualityatthebuildingline),

ingeneral,theinletsamplingpointshallbebetween1,5m(thebreathingzone)and4mabovetheground.Higherpositions(upto8m)maybenecessaryinsomecircumstances.Highersitingmayalsobeappropriateifthestationisrepresentativeofalargearea,

theinletprobeshallnotbepositionedintheimmediatevicinityofsourcesinordertoavoidthedirectintakeofemissionsunmixedwithambientair,

thesampler’sexhaustoutletshallbepositionedsothatrecirculationofexhaustairtothesamplerinletisavoided,forallpollutants,traffic-orientatedsamplingprobesshallbeatleast25mfromtheedgeofmajorjunctionsandnomorethan10mfromthekerbside.,

—

—

——

Thefollowingfactorsmayalsobetakenintoaccount:————————

interferingsources,security,access,

availabilityofelectricalpowerandtelephonecommunications,visibilityofthesiteinrelationtoitssurroundings,safetyofthepublicandoperators,

thedesirabilityofco-locatingsamplingpointsfordifferentpollutants,planningrequirements.,

D.Documentationandreviewofsiteselection

Thesite-selectionproceduresshallbefullydocumentedattheclassificationstagebysuchmeansascompass-pointpho-tographsofthesurroundingareaandadetailedmap.Sitesshallbereviewedatregularintervalswithrepeateddocu-mentationtoensurethatselectioncriteriaremainvalidovertime.

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