常见句子成分完整讲义总结+复习

英语语法复习一——句子成分

英语的句子中主要要这几种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。 其中句子主干组成：主、谓、宾、表、补（组成五大基本句型）

句子中的修饰成分：定语、状语（在句子中可增可减，去掉不影响句子的完整）

一、主语（名词结构的词可做主语） 1.名词 2.代词 3.the +形容词 4. to+do不定式 5. doing 动名词 6. 名词短语 7. 主语从句 School is over. Bread is made from flour. He enjoys playing tennis. She likes to watch TV on Sundays. The rich envy the happiness of the poor. The beautiful lives forever. To keep early hours makes us healthy. To see is to believe. Jogging is good for our health. Writing well requires much practice. How to solve the problem troubles me much. That the earth is round is known to everyone. Why he resigned is a mystery to me. It(形式主语) is obvious that he knows everything（主语从句）.

二、谓语（动词做句子的谓语，谓语往往有时态的变化）

Be动词 You are my best friend. You were right. Ihave been there before. The flowers smell sweet. It turned blue. Igave her a bread. Ihave a dictionary. The sun rises. Her mother left in a dark morning. He applied for a presitigious university. We must look into the matter immediately. The student deals with a very difficult question. Ihave finished my work. Iwas helped by my teacher. Idon’t know why it happened. He will come back tomorrow. Imust learn another language. She has to consider his opinion. Iwould go to Mr. Smith for help. 系动词 及物动词 不及物动词 动词短语 助动词+ 动词 情态动词+ 动词

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三、宾语（请注意：能做主语的词也能做宾语；及物动词有宾语，介词后面也有宾语）

1.名词 2.代词 3. the+ 形容词 4. to do 不定式 5. doing 动名词 6. 名词短语 7. 宾语从句 He wrote a letter. I have a headache. He helped me in the work. Playing tennis made him popular. The rich should help the poor. The young should respect the old. I want to go to the concert. He likes to listen to music. I don’t mind getting wet. I enjoy watching a football game. I don’t know how to swim. I decided what to buy. I wonder when he will come. Tell me why you came late. I thought that the bus had left. I don’t know whether he will come or not. They told me(间)the news（直）. He showed me（间）how to do it（直）. She lives a happy life. He slept a peaceful sleep. He dreamed a strange dream. 8. 直接宾语和 间接宾语 9. 同源宾语（许多不及物动词可接同源宾语）

四、补语（宾语补足语，对宾语进行解释说明，可和宾语构成有逻辑的句子）

1. 名词 2. 形容词 They elected him chairman. The president made him captain. Her boyfriend makes her sad. I found the room empty. We keep the baby warm. The girls made his table full of flowers. They believed it of no value. The teacher makes him conscious of his mistake. The soldiers do not allow anyone to enter. My sister asked me to go home. He helps me to get better grades. I watch the train leaving the station. I hear somebody laughing. I caught them smoking in school. He found his money stolen. I had my hair cut. He can’t make himself understood. Education has made him what he is today. 3. 形容词短语 4. 不定式 5. 现在分词 6. 过去分词 7. 名词从句（补2/ 5

语从句） He told his daughter what happened. His wife asked him which dress she should wear.

五、表语（放在系动词之后，对主语进行说明的成分就是表语）

1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 形容词 His name is Sam. She is a teacher. The victim is her. The doctor is him. Fast food is popular. She looks happy. Leaves turned red in fall. The best way is to let him stay in his room. Our plan is to finish the work. His great pleasure in life is traveling. My hobby is growing flowers. My favorite sport is playing tennis. The dog is frightening. The city life is exciting. The book is boring. 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 现在分词(本身的特征) 7. 过去分词（事Her parents were satisfied with her school report. 物所处状态） The dog is frightened. I feel bored. 8. 介词短语 The patient is out of danger. She is in the room. The house is on fire. The question is what to do now. My opinion is that you must go right away. This is what he said. That’s why I want to work here. 9. 名词短语 10．表语从句

句子修饰成分：定语、状语

六、定语：（主要用于修饰主语和宾语的形容词结构，也可理解为修饰名词的形容词结构，限定词，单个形容词，现在分词和过去分词一般放在名词左边；形容词短语、不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、定语从句和同位语从句一般放在名词右边）

1. 形容词 2. 单个分词 3. 介词短语 Adiligent student will succeed. Let me tell you something interesting. The wounded passengers were carried to a hospital at once. The sleeping baby must have a sweet dream. Hotels around the beach area are booked to capacity in summer. The tree in front of the house makes the house cool. People in the world play basketball. 3/ 5

4. 不定式 The best way to communicate with a foreigner is to make him laugh. I have a big family to support. He is always the first to come. 5. 现在分词短语 A man wearing a green uniform delivers letters to our community. They built a highway leading to the mountains. We met a group of pupils returning from school. 6. 过去分词短语 English is not the language spoken in that area. The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. This is a book written by a famous novelist. English is a language easy to learn. He gave me a basket full of eggs. These are the books available in this library. She took away everything that belongs to her. The man who you met just now is my uncle. I like musicians who can play different kinds of music. The news that he is still alive is really encouraging. I don’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother. 7. 形容词短语 8. 定语从句 9. 同位语从句

七、状语（用于修饰动词的副词或者相当于副词的结构）

1. 副词 They played happily near their house. I barely know you. Basically, you can buy everything you can think of in a supermarket. She was trembling with fear. I have to go to sleep after 10. In short, I have done my best. I must get up early to catch the first train. To get better grades, we need to study hard. Knowing the difficulties, he still sticks to his goal. Defeated by their enemies, they withdrew into the valley. Seen from the top, the mountain is a sea of trees. Unless it rains tomorrow, I will go swimming. When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you. If you don’t have a good command of English grammar, you won’t write good English. He was punished because he didn’t obey the regulations. Although he has a lot of money, he is unhappy. It looks as if it is going to rain. 2. 介词短语 3. 不定式短语 4. 分词结构 5. 状语从句

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Practice:

请指出下面文章的句子成分:

Americans today have different eating habits. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, american purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.

Statistics show that the way people live determines the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone. These changing lifestyles are responsible for the increasing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. Partly as a consequence of this limited time, over half of American houses now have microwave ovens. Moreover, Americans eat out nealy four times a week on average.

It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. Beef, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.

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