高级英语上册1-10课修辞

Figures of speech: rhetorical question simile, Parody metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody. periodic sentence irovy etc.

Lesson1

1)You pass from the heat and glare of a big,open square into a cool,dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see,losing itself in the shadowy distance.—metaphor

2)The din of the stall-holders crying their wares,of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously,and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.-- parallel construction

3)Bargaining is the order of the day,and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop,selecting,pricing,and doing a little preliminary bargainging before they narrow dowen their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.—metaphor

4)It grows louder and more distinct,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.—metaphor personification

5)In the background,a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe—the red of the live coals glowing bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.--consonance

6) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.--metaphor

7)The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.--metaphor

8) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while… personification

9)It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.--metaphor Lesson2

1 Hiroshima—the‖Liveliest‖City in Japan.—irovy

2 That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster’s uniform shouted,as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.—alliteration

3 And secondly.because

I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.—metaphor

4 Was I not at the scene of crime?—rhetorical question

5 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.—synecdoche,metonymy

6 Quite unexpectedly,the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned,and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the slain in one second,where thousands upon thousands upon thousands of people had been die in slow agony.—parallelism

7 Each day that I escape death,each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares,I make a new little paper bird,and add it to the others.—euphemism

8 There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name

Hiroshima was repeated .—synecdoche

9 ―Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters‖. --anticlimax

10 But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .—alliteration Lesson3

1 We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia,but as I looked out over the bow,the prospects of a good catch looked bleak.—弱化

2 Also called natural gas,methane is released from landfills,from coal mines and rice paddies,from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forest-land,from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities.—parallelism sentence

3 This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me.--irony

4 Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef --.alliteration

5 According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .--metonymy.

6 What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?—metaphor

7 Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?—metaphor Lesson4

1 And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. --exaggeration 2 I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .—exaggeration

3 After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor 4 ―Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s‖.Wangero said ,laughing .--ironic.

5 You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .--metaphor

6 ―Mama,‖Wangero said sweet as a bird .―can I have these old quilts?‖--simile 7 She gasped like a bee had stung her .—simile

8 She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand,that‖no‖is a word the world never learned to say to her.—metaphor persification

9 You’ve no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has ―made it ―is confronted,as a surprise,by her owen mother and father,tottering in weakly from backstage.—elliptical sentence 10 She has been like this,chin on chest,eyes on ground,feet in shuffle,ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.parallelism sentence

11 She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts.—metaphor

12 ―There I was not,I said,‖before’Dicie’cropped up on our family,so why should I try to trace it that far back?‖--pun Lesson5

1 Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.--metaphor

2 If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.—exaggeration

3 But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.--metaphor

4 I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(similealliteration

5 I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.

6 I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(Metaphorpersonification

7 We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism)

8 I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine,with its clanking,heel-clicking,dandified Prussian officers,its crafty wxpert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.—metaphor alliteration

9 Behind all this glare,behind all this storm,I see that small group of villainous men who paln,organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind..—metaphor

10 We shall fight him by land,we shall fight him by sea,we shall fight him in the air,until,with God’s help.we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated it peoples from is yoke.—metaphorparallelism sentence

11 It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States,but this I will say:if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom,he is woefully mistaken.periodic sentence

Lesson6

1 As a result the nerves of both the Duke and ―Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.—metaphor

2 In what conceivable way does our car concern you?—rhetorical question

3…and you took a lady friend .Leastways,I guess you’d call her that if you’re not too fussy.—euphemism Lesson7&8

1 Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and

enormously expanded productivity.—metonymy 2 The back door opens to let out the dog.The TV set blinks on with the day’s first newscast:a

selective rundowen…---personification 3 The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos.—antonomasia

4 Following eyeball-to-eyeball consultations with the butcher and the baker and grocer on the

tube, she hits a button to commandeer supplies for tonight’s dinner party.—synecdoche 5 The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians.—synecdoche

6 In the microelectronic village, the home will again be the center of society, as it was before

the industrial Revolution.—metaphor

7 the Device’s ubiquitous eye, sensing where people are at all times, will similarly the lights on an off as needed.—metaphor

8 Next to health, heart, and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the

automobile.—alliteration.metonymy repetition

9 Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonian antique.—antonomasia 10 For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution are

still around the bend of a silicon circuit.—parody

11 The computer revolution is stimulating intellects,liberating limbs and propelling mankind to a

higher order of existence.—synecdoche 12 His competitors envisioned the greater potential for entertainment and art, where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven—synecdoche

13 Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway? (Metaphor)

14 Philips Interactive, for example, has dozens of titles, among them a tour of the Smithsonian,

in which the viewer selects which corridor to enter by clicking on the screen. (Antonomasia) 15 She says consumers would be a little like information ―cowboys,‖rounding up data from computer based archives and information services.(Simile)

16 To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rape in the subjects the viewer wants. (Metaphor)

17 Maes and others concede that there’s a dark side to all these bright dreams. (Metaphor) 18 And where there are agents, can counteragents be far behind: spies who might like to keep tabs on the activities of your electronic butlers? (Parody)

19 Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information. (Metaphor) 20 Where he saw internal memos,someone else saw Beethoven.—metonymy

21 Sounds great in theory,but even the truest believers have a hard time when it comes to nailing down specifics about how it will actually work.elliptical sentence

22 To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data,viewer’s will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rope in the subjects the viewer wants.—extended metaphor Lesson9

1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise through

eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure.—metaphor ,hyperbole,parallelism

2 I found another Twain as well—one who grew cynical,bitter,saddened by the profound

personal tragedies life dealt him,a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race,who waw clearly ahead a black wall of night.—metaphor

3 The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos.—alliteration metaphor

4 He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in

Nevada’s Washoe region.simile

5 For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent,and was rebuffed.—extended metaphor

6 ―It was a splendid population—for all the slow,sleepy,sluggish-brained sloths stayed at

home..—alliteration

7 The grave world smiles as usual,and says…--persification

8 ..one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night‖Csually he debunked

revered artists and art treasures,and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.—antithesisexaggeration

9 Tom’s mischievous daring,ingenuity,and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky

Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. –elliptical sentence

10 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world lauth.—persification Lesson10

1 The Trial That Rocked the World—hyperbole

2 Seated in court,ready to testify on my behalf,were a dozen distinguished professors and

scientists,led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.—periodic sentence 3 ―Don’t worry,son,we’ll show them a few tricks,‖Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring

arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.—transferred epithet 4 After a while,it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are

marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind.—irony

5 One shop announced:DARWIN IS RIGHT—INSIDE.—pun

6 Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a ―victorious defeat.‖—oxymoron

7 The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little cout in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative of fices of the United States,bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has growen with the passing years.—extended metaphor

―Why don’t you take one or two of the others?‖ I asked. rhetorical question) Metaphor:

Mark Twain --- Mirror of America

saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...

main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart

the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam When railroads began drying up the demand... ...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...

Twain began digging his way to regional fame...

Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles... ...took unholy verbal shots...

Simile:

Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographic Hyperbole:

..cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... The cast of characters... - a cosmos. Parallelism:

Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. Personification:

life dealt him profound personal tragedies... the river had acquainted him with ... ...to literature's enduring gratitude...

...an entry that will determine his course forever... the grave world smiles as usual... Bitterness fed on the man... America laughed with him.

Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. Antithesis:

...between what people claim to be and what they really are.. ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...

...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism:

..men's final release from earthly struggle Alliteration:

...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home .with a dash and daring...

a recklessness of cost or consequences... Metonymy:

..his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe Synecdoche

Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce

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