EN 12680-3-2003 锻造.超声波检验.第3部分球墨铸铁铸件(中文版)

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锻造.超声波检验

Founding—Ultrasonic examination—Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings

铸件-超声波探伤-第三部分:球墨铸铁件 5.6 Examination report 探伤报告

The examination report shall contain at least the following information: 探伤报告中应包含以下内容:

reference to this European Standard (EN 12680-3); 执行标准:EN12680-3

characteristic data of the examined casting; 所探铸件的特性数据(名称、图号、材质等)

extent of examination; 探伤范围

type of examination equipment used; 所用探伤设备的型号

probes used 所用探针

examination technique with reference to the examined area; 所探区域的探伤工艺方法

all data necessary for the sensitivity setting; 灵敏度设置的所有数据

details of ultrasonic examination suitability; 超探适用性的详细资料

information on all characteristic features of discontinuities to be recorded (e.g. backwall echo reduction, position and dimension in through-wall direction, length, area and flat-bottomed hole diameter) and the description of their position (sketch or photograph);

所记录不连续区域的特性信息(如,底波复位,位置和壁厚方向的尺寸,长度,面积和平底孔的直径等)以及其位置描述(草图或图片);

date of the examination and name of the responsible person. 探伤日期和探伤人员签字

Table 1 — Maximum permissible indicated dimensions of discontinuities — volumetric reflectors

Severity level

Feature Unit

1 2 3 4

Wall thickness,

in the examined area Percentage of wall

thickness

Largest discontinuity

a,b

in the rim zone Largest discontinuity in the core zone Total area of discontinuities as percentage of examined surface

mm % mmmm

2

5

≥50

— — C C C

<50 50 to 200 20

>200 <50 50 to 200 25

>200 <50 50 to 200

30

>200 <50

35

— — 30

— — 30

— — 40

600 10000 10

1000 15000 15

1000 15000 15

1000 15000 15

2000 20000 20

2000 30000 20

— 20000 15

— — 20

2

%

a For dross see Table 2. b Rim zone, see Figure 1.

c No indications exceeding the limits given in Table 4.

锻造.超声波检验

Founding—Ultrasonic examination—Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings

铸件-超声波探伤-第三部分:球墨铸铁件

表1 可允许的最大不连续区域尺寸—缩孔

探伤级别

项目 单位

1 2 3 4 5

所探区域的壁厚

所占壁厚的百分比 边缘部位最大不连续

a,b

区域

中间部位最大不连续

区域

不连续区域总面积占所探区域的百分比

mm % mmmm

2

— — C C C

<50

50 to 200 20 1000 15000 15

>200 <50

50 to 200 25 2000 20000 20

>200 <50

50 to 200

30

— — 20

>200 <50 ≥50

35

— — 30

— — 30

— — 40

600 10000 10

1000 15000 15

1000 15000 15

2000 30000 20

— 20000 15

2

%

a 熔渣不连续区域尺寸参见表2; b 边缘部位见图1;

c 所测数据不得超过表4规定的极限数据。

Table 2 — Maximum permissible indicated dimensions of discontinuities — dross

Severity level

Feature

1 2 3 4

Percentage of wall

a 10 15 20

thickness in %

a No indications exceeding the limits given in Table 4.

表2 可允许的最大不连续区域尺寸—熔渣

项目

所占壁厚的百分比(%)

探伤级别

1 a

2 10

3 15

4 20

5 25

5 25

a 所测数据不得超过表4规定的极限数据。

Table 3 — Requirements for ultrasonic examination suitability

Dimensions in millimeters Wall thickness of the casting in Smallest flat-bottom hole diameter detectable according

the examined area to 5.2

> 10 to 20 3 > 20 to 100 5 > 100 to 250 8 > 250 to 500 10

表3 —超探适用性要求

铸件探伤区域的壁厚(mm) 可探最小平底孔直径(见5.2)

> 10 to 20 3 > 20 to 100 5 > 100 to 250 8 > 250 to 500 10

Wall thickness

of the casting in the examined area

(mm) > 10 to 20 > 20 to 100 > 100 to 250 > 250 to 500

Table 4 — Ultrasonic indications to be evaluated

Evaluation limits

reduction of backwall smallest flat-bottom

echo hole diameter detectable according to 5.2 min (dB) (mm) 12 3

5

20 8

10

echo height above noise levela

min (dB)

6 12

a Only for areas where no backwall echo is obtained to the casting geometry.

锻造.超声波检验

Founding—Ultrasonic examination—Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings

铸件-超声波探伤-第三部分:球墨铸铁件

表 4 — 超探指示数据评定

评定极限数据

铸件探伤区域的壁厚最小底波复位 可探最小平底孔直径(见5.2) 最小回波噪声水平

(mm) (dB) (mm) (dB) > 10 to 20 12 3

6

> 20 to 100 5

20 > 100 to 250 8

12

> 250 to 500 10

a 此处只适用于没有从铸件上产生底波反馈的情况。

Figure 1 — Division of wall section into zone

图1 —壁厚区域划分

1 — Rim zone(边缘区域) 2 — Core zone(中心区域) t — Wall thickness(壁厚)

a — t/3 (max. 30 mm 最大为30mm)

Figure 2 — Determination of the nominal angle of refraction in spheroidal graphite cast iron

for an angle probe with known angle of refraction in steel

图2 — 用角探针根据已知的铁中折射角确定球墨铸铁件的理论折射角度

锻造.超声波检验

Founding—Ultrasonic examination—Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings

铸件-超声波探伤-第三部分:球墨铸铁件 a — Angle of refraction αc in spheroidal graphite cast iron(球墨铸铁件的折射角αc ) b — Sound velocity of transverse wave ctrans in metres per second(横波的声速,单位m/s) c — Nominal angle of refraction in steel(铁中折射角的理论角度)

d — Longitudinal and transverse wave simultaneously(纵波和横波同时出现的区域)

Figure 3 — Determination of the angle of refraction in spheroidal graphite

cast iron using angle probes

图3 — 应用角探针确定球墨铸铁件的折射角度

αc=arctan

Where(式中):

αc is the angle of refraction in the casting(铸件的折射角)

A 2×t

A is the distance between the probe indexes of the angle probes at maximum signal(最大信号时,角探针的探针指向

之间的距离)

t is the wall thickness.(壁厚)

1 — Angle beam probes of same type(同类型探针的角钢支架) 2 — Test piece or reference block(探伤件或基准块)

Figure 4 — Determination of the dimensions of discontinuities in through-wall direction

using normal probes

图4 — 应用标准探针确定总壁厚方向的不连续区域的尺寸

锻造.超声波检验

Founding—Ultrasonic examination—Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings

铸件-超声波探伤-第三部分:球墨铸铁件 a — Scanning position A(探测位置A) b — Scanning position B(探测位置B)

c — A scan from scanning position A(在探测位置A处所得波形) e — A scan from scanning position B(在探测位置B处所得波形)

Dimension in through-wall direction d=t (s1+s2)

总壁厚方向的尺寸d=t (s1+s2)

Where(式中):

s1, s2 are the lengths of the sound-beam paths(s1, s2为声波束路径的长度)

t is the wall thickness(t为壁厚)

Bibliography 参考文献

[1] Krautkrämer, J. und Krautkrämer, H., Werkstoffprüfung mit Ultraschall, Springer Verlag — Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, 1986.

[2] EN 473, Non destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles. [3] EN 1370, Founding — Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators.

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