新编简明英语语言学教程exercises for the 3rd chapter

Supplementary Exercises Chapter 3：Morphology

I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:

1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.

3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.

4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes. 5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.

6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.

7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.

8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it. 9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words. 10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.

II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given: 11. M ____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

12. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g____ meaning.

13. B___________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. 14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d__________ affixes. 15. D________ affixes are added to an existing form to create words.

16. A s______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech.

17. C__________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.

18. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called m___________ rules.

19. In terms of morphemic analysis, d_______________ can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.

20. A s______ can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added.

Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:

21. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.

A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 22. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound __________.

A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components

B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase. D. None of the above.

23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of __________.

A. the first element B. the second element C. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second elements

24. _______ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Bound words D. Words

25. _________ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme 26. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______. A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic 27. Bound morphemes are those that ___________. A. have to be used independently

B. can not be combined with other morphemes C. can either be free or bound

D. have to be combined with other morphemes

28. _______ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.

A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes

29. _________ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences 30. “-s” in the word “books” is _______.

A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root Ⅳ. Define the following terms:

31. morphology 32. inflectional morphology 33. derivational morphology 34. morpheme 35. free morpheme 36. bound morpheme 37. root 38. affix 39. prefix 40. suffix 41. derivation 42. Compounding Ⅴ. Answer the following questions:

43. What are the main features of the English compounds? 44. Discuss the types of morphemes with examples.

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