不规则动词过去式和过去分词
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不规则动词过去式和过去分词
A. 原型,过去式,和过去分词 完全不同 drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung sink----sank----sunk blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known fly ----flew----flown take----took----taken shake----shook----shaken drive----drove----driven write---wrote---written rise---rose---risen ride----rode----ridden speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen forget----forgot----forgotten choose----chose----chosen draw----drew----drawn eat----ate----eaten fall----fell----fallen give----gave----given hide----hid----hidden see----saw----seen do----did----done
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同 bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought fight----fought----fought buy----bought----bought catch----caught----caught sell----sold----sold tell----told----told say----said----said pay----paid----paid send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent spend----spent----spent burn----burnt----burnt learn----learnt----learnt
mean----meant----meant feel----felt----felt smell----smelt----smelt sleep----slept----slept sweep---slept----slept leave----left----left build----built----built lose----lost----lost get----got----got meet----met----met sit----sat----sat shoot----shot----shot lead----led----led spit----spat----spat have----had----had hold----held----held make----made----made stand----stood---stood hear----heard----heard find----found----found dig----dug----dug shine----shone----shone
understand----understood--understood win----won----won C.原型与过去分词相同 come----came----come run----ran----run
become----became----become D.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同 cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit shut----shut----shut
hang----hung----hung 吊,挂 lie---lied---lied 说谎 lie---lay---lain 躺下,位于,平放 hanged----hanged 处绞刑 lay---laid---laid 置放。
形容词比较级和最高级的形式 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下 构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
① 一般单音节词末尾加er 和 est strong stronger strongest ② 单音节词如果以e结尾,只加r 和st strange stranger strangest ③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母, 须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er和est sad big hot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest
④ 少数以y,er(或ure),ow,ble结尾的双音节词, 末尾加er和est(以y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母, 把y变成i,再加er和est,以e结尾的词仍 只加r和st) angry clever narrow noble angrier cleverer narrower nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest
⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different more different most different
1) The most high 〔A〕 mountain in 〔B〕 the world is Mount Everest, which is situated 〔C〕 in Nepal and is
twentynine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high 〔D〕 . 2) This house is spaciouser 〔A〕 than that 〔B〕 white 〔C〕 one I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota 〔D〕 last year.
3) Research in the social 〔A〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔B〕 than similar 〔C〕 work in the physical 〔D〕 sciences. 二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式:
1. 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most
只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest。
但是,以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如
unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest 2. 由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级 more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) The drawings 〔A〕 of the old masters 〔B〕 are among the treasuredest 〔C〕 works in museums 〔D〕 .
3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式
absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta- utter entire foremost perfect neous vital
eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole excellent infinite primary supreme wooden 三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式 good
well better best bad
ill worse worst many
much more most little
few less least far farther farthest further furthest
5) African elephants are larger, fiercer, and difficulter 〔A〕 to tame 〔B〕 than 〔C〕 Asian elephants 〔D〕 .
6) Sarah Hale became 〔A〕 one of the famousest 〔B〕 magazine 〔C〕 editors in the United States during 〔D〕 the 1800’s.
7) Of all 〔A〕 the Native American tribes 〔B〕 , the Shawnee Indians were 〔C〕 a most 〔D〕 transient.
四、例题解析
1) A错。应将“most high”改为highest。这是在考形容词比较级的构成形式。 2) A错。改为more spacious。 3) B错。 改为more difficult。
4) C错。 treasured 在本句中是ED分词(动词treasure +ed)作形容词使用,是“宝贵的、珍贵的”意思,修饰名词 works(作品),其最高级形式应用 the most treasured。
5) A错,改为more difficult。
6) B错。改为“the most famous”,因为famous(著名的)是双音节,其最高级变化应在前面加“the most”。
7) D错。应改为“the most”,因为此处表示的是最高级,“the most transient”意为“(延续时间)最短暂的”。 第二节 副词比较级和最高级的形式
副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样 一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest late→later →latest early→earlier →earliest 特殊 副词
well →better →best much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,开放类副词即以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或est,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕: early中的ly不是后缀,故可以把y变i再加er和est 第三节 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法 一、原级比较的基本用法
1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as . 〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes 〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes 〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes 〔D〕 fifteenminute walking
2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(记忆力) in solving 〔D〕 a problem.
3) Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state, Texas.
2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as
4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician. 〔A〕 such 〔B〕 more 〔C〕 as 〔D〕 than
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考题) 〔A〕 that 〔B〕 so 〔C〕 this 〔D〕 as 二、比较级
1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、ING结构和ED结构,有时也可省去than。 6) Natural mica(云母) of 〔A〕 a superior 〔B〕 quality is cheapest 〔C〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔D〕 mica. 7) She is older than .
〔A〕 any other girl in the group 〔B〕 any girl in the group 〔C〕 all girls in the group
〔D〕 you and me as well as the group
8) Josephine McCrackin joined 〔A〕 the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late 〔B〕 , remained 〔C〕 active in journalistic 〔D〕 work.
2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than . 〔A〕 ours 〔B〕 with us 〔C〕 for ours it had 〔D〕 it did for us 10) Sound travels air.
〔A〕 faster through water than through 〔B〕 faster than through water and
〔C〕 through water faster and〔D〕 where it is faster through water than through
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand’s pupils, followed 〔A〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔B〕 his paintings 〔C〕 are sometimes confused with his master 〔D〕 . 三、最高级
1. 最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12) The more 〔A〕 fearsome of all the 〔B〕 animals in 〔C〕 the Western 〔D〕 Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
13) Of all economic 〔A〕 problems, inflation continues to be 〔B〕 a 〔C〕 most significant in its daily impact on 〔D〕 people and business. 14) , the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. 〔A〕 All the activities 〔B〕 The activities 〔C〕 Of all the activities 〔D〕 It is the activities
2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the
新课标初中英语单词分类速记:不规则动词表
不规则动词表
1.A-A-A型(无变化的动词)
cut-cut-cut let-let-let hit-hit-hit put-put-put cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt read/rid/-read[red]-read[red] 2.A-A-B型(现在式和过去式同形) beat-beat-beaten
3.A-B-A型(现在式和过去分词同形) come-came-come become-became-become run-ran-run
4.A-B-B型(动词的过去式与过去分词相同) (1)词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”
build-built-built lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned mean-meant-meant
(2)把原形变为aught及ought的变化(如果原形有a则是aught,无a则是ought)
buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-fought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught (3)eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词
keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left say-said-said meet-met-met spell-spelt-spelt
smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled hold-held-held feel-felt-felt (4)其他
dig-dug-dug find-found-found stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood get-got-got sit-sat-sat spoil-spoilt-spoilt have/has-had-had sell-sold-sold tell-told-told hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung hear-heard-heard make-made-made pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid lie(说谎)-lied-lied lose-lost-lost shine-shone/shined-shone/shined win-won-won shoot-shot-shot 5.A-B-C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同) (1)in、im的变化(i-a-u型)
sing-sang-sung ring-rang-rung begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk (2)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词
①ow及aw的变化(过去式以ew结尾,过去分词以wn结尾) draw-drew-drawn know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown fly-flew-flown ②元音是i的开音节的变化(过去分词以en结尾) drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-written give-gave-given ③其他
see-saw-seen eat-ate-eaten take-took-taken fall-fell-fallen freeze-froze-frozen show-showed-shown break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken choose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten lie(躺,放)-lay-lain wear-wore-worn be(am,is,are)-was/were-been (3)其他
go-went-gone do-did-done 6.有过去式,没有过去分词的动词
can-could may-might must-must shall-should will-would 不规则名词复数形式
1.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数 (1)加-s,如:
belief-beliefs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs (2)去f,fe加-ves,如:
half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves
歌诀记忆:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄;妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮;架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf);就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)亡。这9个名词变复数时,都要改-f(e)为v,再加-es,其他的以-f(e)结尾的名词则直接加-s变复数。 2.以-o结尾的名词,变复数
(1)加s,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos
(2)加es,如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes
歌诀记忆:黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和马铃薯(potato)。除了这四个以-o结尾的名词加-es外,其余的以-o结尾的名词加-s。
3.表示“国家”的名词变复数
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians
Canadian-Canadians American-Americans
歌诀记忆:中(Chinese)日(Japanese)不变,英(Englishman)法(Frenchman)变,其余后面(如German等)加s。 4.以复数形式出现的名词
scissors剪刀 goods货物 trousers/pants/shorts裤子 clothes衣服 glasses眼镜
5.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
(1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 (2)news是不可数名词。
(3)the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。
6.由man和woman构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数 如:man worker-men workers(男工人) woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
7.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es。例如: baby-babies city-cities story-stories party-parties lady-ladies diary-diaries army-armies century-centuries copy-copies 8.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es,如:
class-classes box-boxes watch-watches speech-speeches bus-buses brush-brushes bench-benches beach-beaches boss-bosses church-churches
9.其他不规则变化
man-men woman-women goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep mouse-mice fisherman-fishermen
歌诀记忆:男人(man)?女人(woman)?a变e,鹅(goose)?足(foot)?牙(tooth)?oo变ee。孩子(child)加上ren,鱼(fish)?鹿(deer) 绵羊(sheep)不用变。
[注]fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es构成其复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数同形;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。
不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 bad worse worst badly worse worst far farther farthest further furthest good better best ill worse worst late later latest little less least many more most much more most old older elder oldest eldest
well better best
中考英语复习:形容词比较级前使用冠词的几种情况形容词的比较级是考试重点,比较级前冠词的使用是同学们关注较少的。因为很多人都知道形容词的最高级前是必须用the的,但是比较级前,没有这样的规定。从近些年高考中考以及考前模拟的题目设置来看,确实“形容词比较级前冠词的使用”是考点选择的重点。事实上,比较级前的冠词很大程度上是与比较级所修饰的名词有关,而不是比较级决定的。然而在题目设置中,比较级位于名词和冠词之间,这样会导致学生在答题过程中受到比较级的干扰,导致答错。下面我们仍然从考题角度来分析考点:
1.Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _______ IQ。(2002年考题) A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.a highest 这道题的答案应该是B。
由于在选项中只是把冠词和形容词放在选项中,并没有把形容词所修饰的名词一起带入选项,这样给考生的视觉感受是选择哪个冠词是由形容词决定的,但是,事实上,由于横线后的名词IQ决定前面必须有冠词,而根据句意为泛指,所以要用a,同时,在形容词的形式上,后者与Boris在做对比,因此本题应该选B。
2. ___ children there in a family, ___ their life will be。 A.The less, the better B.The fewer, the better
C.Fewer, richer D.more, poor 这道题的答案应该是B。
首先,这道题考的知识点是“The+比较级……,The+比较级……”,含义是“越……,就越……”,因此淘汰C、D。由于第一条横线后的名词是名词复数children,所以应该选可修饰可数名词复数的The fewer。 3.对比下面两题:
(1)Which is _______, China or Japan? A.larger B.the larger C.largest D.the largest
(2)Which is ___ country, China or Japan? A.larger B.the larger C.largest D.the largest
第(1)题的答案是A。这道题是每个同学都很熟悉的考查比较级的普通题型。
第(2)题的答案是B。大家可能已经发现了,两道题相比较,只是第二题比第一题增加了一个country,答案就不同了,原因是country是一个可数名词,它需要限定词,因此必须根据句意选定定冠词the。这样的题能提醒一部分同学,英语不是死记硬背,而是在理解的基础上,多观察分析,要学会利用句子的已知部分来解题。 4.最后,我们来看一道难度题: Who is ________ of the two boys。 A.tall B. taller C.the taller D. the tallest
这道题的答案是C。有些同学可能觉得这个答案与第3题第(2)小题矛盾了,其实不然。这道题最关键是of的作用,of前是想要提到的两个男孩当中更高的那个男孩,即the taller boy,由于boy被省略,所以应该选择the taller。 也许同学们读文章时不难发现,每一个知识点都有考题呼应。其实,我们的知识点都蕴藏在课本中,我们不能单纯地认为从课本中找到知识点去背记就是完成了任务,在平时的学习中必须学会体会所学知识怎样往考题转化,才能是学会了学习,学会了运用,才是一个真正的英语学习者。
新课标初中英语词汇分类速记:日常交际用语
1.问候 Greetings
a.Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi! How are you?
b.Fine,thank you.And you? Very well,thank you. 2.介绍 Introductions
a.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms…/These are…and they are… b.How do you do? Nice/Glad to see/meet you.
c.My name is…I'm a student/worker etc. 3.告别 Farewells
a.I think it's time for us to leave now./I'm afraid I must go now. b.Goodbye!(Bye-bye!Bye!) See you later/tomorrow.(See you.) Good night.
[注]晚上见面时,只能说Good evening,睡觉前要用Good night来告别。 4.打电话 Making telephone calls a.Hello! May I speak to…? Is that…(speaking)? b.Hold on,please. This is…speaking.
He/She isn't here right now/at the moment. Can I take a message for you? c.I called to tell/ask you…
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