新视野大学英语视听说教程 听力材料及答案 (第一版)

Unit1

Is your memory in good shape?

, she says she read on studying and remembering. It talks about like "Mental Visualization", that is, creating in one's mind of one is ", or reviewing one's notes after class and absorbing the . When the man promises to study ", which favors study sessions distributed over woman tells the man that memory is like

You forgot my toast!

1. The couple went to their doctor to have a complete physical checkup.

2. At first the wife asked the husband to get her only ice cream.

3. The husband refused to write a note, for he believed he could remember the toast. 4. Finally, the husband brought the wife both ice cream and strawberries.

5. The wife blamed the husband for forgetting to bring her ice cream and strawberries.

1. Why did the husband refuse to write down the wife's instructions?

2. When the husband brought the wife a plate of bacon and eggs, what was her reaction?

Memory-Improving Techniques

1.

A) Learning different things.

B) Learning to dance.

C) Learning to use a computer.

D) Learning to play chess.

2.

A) Noticing even a small object like a pen.

B) Memorizing anything that catches your attention.

C) Concentrating only on what is important.

D) Both A) and B).

3.

A) You can focus only on its color.

B) You can focus on one of its characteristics.

C) You can associate it with other objects.

D) You can focus on its features.

4.

A) You can stop breathing in for a minute, and then breathe out.

B) You can stop breathing in for a short time, and then breathe out slowly.

C) You can breathe hard for ten seconds.

D) You can hold your breath and count to ten.

5.

A) The importance of stimulating one's memory.

B) The relationship between stimulation and association.

C) The importance of improving one's memory.

D) Memory-developing skills.

Memory-Improving Techniques

What are the four memory-developing techniques introduced in the passage?

Stimulating one's memory, paying attention (or focusing/concentrating one's attention), relaxing, and making associations.

原文1

M: Tell me your secret. You're suddenly getting excellent marks in every subject, and you used to be a bottom-of-the-class student just like me.

W: Simple enough. I read an article in a scientific journal that linked studying with

remembering, based on recent research into the brain.

M: Aw, that stuff's old hat: study at the same time every day, be sure your clothes are comfortable, make sure you have enough light, blah-blah-blah.

W: Not so fast, wise guy. I'm talking about principles like "Mental Visualization", creating a picture in your mind of what is to be remembered.

M: OK, that does sound different. Is "Association" a principle --- you know, you connect what you want to remember with something you're familiar with?

W: Right on! "Consolidation" is another. I review my notes right after class and consolidate --- or absorb --- the new material into what I've already learned.

M: You're moving ahead fast with those principles. I swear this weekend, I'm going to study sixteen hours a day both Saturday and Sunday.

W: Whoa, big guy. That's not the way. Follow the principle of "Distributed Practice". Shorter study sessions distributed over several days are better.

M: That system is all very well for you; you've got a good memory. But what about me? I've got a memory like a sieve.

W: You're too modest. There's nothing wrong with your memory. But memory is like a muscle; it needs exercise. And don't forget it.

原文2

An 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decided to go to their doctor to see what was wrong with them. They explained to the doctor about the

problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple over, the doctor told them that they were physically okay but might need to start writing things down to help them remember. The couple thanked the doctor and left.

Later that night while watching TV, the old woman said to the old man, "Honey, will you please go to the kitchen and get me a dish of ice cream?"

Before the old man left, she added, "Why don't you write that down so you won't forget?" "Nonsense," said the husband, "I can remember a dish of ice cream!"

"Well," said the wife, "I'd also like some strawberries on it. You'd better write that down because I know your memory is failing."

"Don't be silly," replied the husband. "There're only two things: a dish of ice cream and some strawberries. I can surely remember that!"

With that, he rushed into the kitchen. After about twenty minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs.

The wife took one look at the plate, glanced up at her husband, and said, "Hey, you forgot the toast!"

原文3

There are many techniques you can use to improve your memory. Some of them are

introduced here.

First and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply, you should use your memory as much as possible. It is especially important to try to learn

something new. If you work in an office, learn to dance; if you are a dancer, learn to deal with a computer; if you work with sales, learn to play chess; if you are a programmer, learn to paint. These added activities stimulate the brain so that it continues to function.

Older people need to pay attention to things they are dealing with. Don't try to memorize everything that catches your attention; focus on what you consider important. For example, you can take any object such as a pen and concentrate on it. Think on its various characteristics: its material, its function, its color, and so on. Don't allow any other thought to occupy your mind while you are concentrating on that pen.

Another method that can be used is to relax yourself. It is impossible to remember things if you are tense or nervous. So, try holding your breath for ten seconds, and then release it slowly.

Association is also a powerful tool to develop your memory. For example, if you cannot remember a person's name, you can think about a special feature of his face and then link it with his name.

The Role Memory Plays in Our Life

1.

A) Factors related to memory development.

B) The importance of food in memorization.

C) The important role of a good memory.

D) The misery caused by a poor memory.

2.

A) They contain protein.

B) They contain vitamins.

C) They contain water.

D) A full stomach leads to a good sleep.

3.

A) Babies.

B) Teens.

C) Adults.

D) Older people.

4.

A) A weak memory.

B) Confusion.

C) Difficulty in thinking.

D) All of the above.

5.

A) Sleep can control the senses.

B) Sleep promotes rest.

C) Sleep helps the brain to revise and store information.

D) Sleep reduces tiredness.

Where did the professor go?

This is a South Africa. They were a hospitable couple who often for drinks, tea or dinner. On this professor to supper. During the evening, it began to with rain, and the heavens really They pointed out that hosts profusely, and the matter seemed to be settled. But while they were . No one could find him anywhere. Eventually, after about 40 minutes, the front door bell rang. There was the professor, soaked to the skin. When he was asked what on earth he had been doing in the rain, he replied that

How to Remember Names

1. According to the passage, what may happen after we hear a name on the phone?

2. What does the speaker advise us to do to remember the name mentioned on the phone? 3. What are the two things the speaker advises us to do to remember the name of somebody we meet in person?

4. What does the speaker advise us to write on a card?

5. According to the passage, how can we use a card to remember names?

A Dolphin Exhibition

A recent art exhibition in Florida honored the animal often seen as man's most friend, the dolphin.

The "Dolphins on Parade" exhibition in the Florida Keys featured life-sized decorated dolphin made of wood and other materials. The dolphins were along the beach. Sponsors paid U.S.$750 to materials.

a beer-belly dolphin. They showed the work of the Keys are famous for. Probably the most dolphin The playful artist streaks colors across a dolphin painting, holding a brush in its . The exhibition was held by the Monroe [Florida] Council of the Arts as part of a plan to make the Keys an international arts center. The paintings were to be auctioned off in March, with the money earned going to community art programs.

原文1

Since memory plays a significant role in our life, scientists are increasingly interested in research on how to improve memory. Here are some factors they believe to be important in expanding memory capacity.

To begin with, you must take special care in your daily life. Food for example, is very

important. Some vitamins are essential for your memory to work properly. They are found in bread, cereal, vegetables and fruits. Some experts say that synthesized vitamins improve

memory, but others have doubts about this, arguing that the studies have not confirmed they do work. Another essential factor is water. It helps to maintain the memory systems, especially in older persons. According to Dr. Rosewell, lack of water in the body has an immediate and strong effect on memory; it can cause confusion and other thought difficulties. Sleep also plays a significant role. To be able to have a good memory, we must allow the brain to have plenty of rest. While sleeping, the brain no longer controls the senses, and starts to revise and store the information one has received. Lack of sleep would make one feel exhausted and would weaken one's ability to concentrate. Also, one's ability to store information would be affected. 原文2

You just called the TV repair shop, and the voice on the other end of the line tells you, "This is Don Smith". About 5 minutes later, you tell your wife that "this guy" will be out to fix the TV in the morning. You can't think of his name although you know he mentioned it on the phone. This happens all the time to just about any of us unless we have learned to concentrate and implant a name in our memory, right at the time we hear it. To do this, you must make a habit of repeating the name back to the person. This action will remind you to store the name in your "memory bank" each time you hear someone's name, and within a short time the "repeating" process can be discontinued.

When you meet someone in person, use the same procedure, and in addition, visualize something different, unusual or ridiculous about his/her appearance, position, or actions that "ties in" with his/her name. Later, you may write the descriptive information on one side of a card and the name on the other side. Look at it repeatedly, see the "picture" in your mind's eye as you look at the name; or when you see the name, visualize the "picture" you have assigned to the name.

Getting this system to work will require changes in your thinking, and it may take several days or several weeks to become proficient. On the First Day

Seeing that Jenny has bought much on from class to class. Jenny knows the professor is the professor is good, only if students are .

After class, Jenny admits that of what the professor said went Harrison . When Jenny asks to borrow Harrison's Wednesday. Finally, Harrison says education there.

Money for College

1. Robert was short of money because he had spent a lot on fun.

2. Robert asked his mother for money, saying he had no more money for food.

3. The mother sent Robert two books and two checks.

4. The father was against sending Robert a lot of money, for they were poor.

would not read the calculus book.

5. The mother doubted whether her son could find the larger check, for she suspected that he

Money for College

1. Why did the father object to sending Robert $1,100?

2. Where did the mother put the $1,000 check?

How to Get Straight A's

A) They won't eat snacks.

B) They won't play computer games.

C) They won't answer phone calls.

D) They won't watch TV.

2.

A) He worked out every day.

B) To save time he did not even brush his teeth.

C) He used his spare time to memorize new terms.

D) He read actively and thought deeply.

3.

A) Sitting up late.

B) Getting up early.

C) Reviewing immediately after class.

D) Leaving a certain period of time everyday for studying.

4.

A) One who asks many questions for full understanding.

B) One who focuses on the most difficult parts of a book.

C) One who reads extensively.

D) One who reads fast and understands everything.

5.

A) How do bottom students become top students?

B) How to educate super-achievers.

C) The strong and weak points of some top students.

D) Secrets of successful students.

How to Get Straight A's

What are the four good qualities of super-achievers mentioned in the passage? 原文1

Robert was a university student. He liked to have fun. But having fun was expensive, so he was rapidly running out of money. There was nothing to do but to try to call his mother for help.

"Hi, Mom. I certainly miss you and Dad. I... uh... got a big surprise this week in my physics course. We have to buy two new textbooks. I'm going to need $100."

"I understand," said his mother. "I'll send you the money right away. You left your calculus book here when you were home two weeks ago. Shall I mail that at the same time?" "Oh, yeah. Thanks," Robert said.

Robert's mother made up a parcel with the calculus book and two checks, and mailed it to Robert that very day. When she returned from the post office, her husband was waiting for her. "Well, how much did you give the boy this time?" asked Dad.

"I sent two checks: one for $100 and the other for $1,000," answered Mom.

"You're out of your mind," yelled Dad. "That's $1,100. He'll just spend that in a couple of weeks. He's never going to learn the value of money that way."

"Don't worry, honey," Mom said, "I taped the $100 check to the cover of his book, but I put the $1,000 one between the pages in Chapter 13!"

原文2

It is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here,

according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of super-achievers. First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation. Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology terms. Then he posted a list of

biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.

Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, "Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying."

Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know how to read. According to a book entitled Getting Straight A's, the secret of good reading is to be "an active reader --- one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author's message".

Harvard University

1.

A) The past and present size of Harvard University.

B) The development of Harvard University.

C) Some important presidents of Harvard University.

D) The religious influence on Harvard University.

2.

A) 1.

B) 10.

C) 9.

D) 18.

3.

A) It was not influenced by any religion.

B) It was heavily influenced by one religious group.

C) It was not dominated by a single religious group.

D) It was devoted only to religion.

4.

A) Increasing the professors' pay.

B) Increasing financial aid to students.

C) Improving the facilities.

D) Promoting the university's research.

5.

A) He tried to identify some of Harvard's main intellectual priorities.

B) He paid attention to the quality of the undergraduate teaching.

C) He allowed students with limited finances to enter the university.

D) All of the above.

The Final Exam

At a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry . They were doing so well on all the , midterms, labs, etc. that each had an "A" so far for

the These four friends were so that on the weekend before finals , they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and time, but after all the partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn't it back to school until early Monday morning.

Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final and

explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time

The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day , the professor . They looked at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. "Cool," they thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, "This is going to be easy." Each finished the problem and then turned the page.

Applying for a Place in an American University

1. What do international students often underestimate when applying for admission to a college or university in the United States?

2. How can students find the institution or program that will best serve their academic or professional goals?

3. What role may university websites and other academic Internet sites play?

4. In spite of the advantages provided by the websites, what three major things do students

still need to do?

5. Why did some students who scored high on TOEFL and GRE fail to be admitted?

Prince William in Chile

What goes into a prince's education today? For Britain's Prince William, nature played an

important 10-week expedition in Chile with Raleigh International.

The was a very different one for the prince. He kayaked in ocean fjords, tracked a rare deer, and was stranded on a beach during a .

He also got used to sleeping on the people --- and living in .

Those who took part, called "volunteers", both locals wooden walkways and buildings, and taught English to schoolchildren.

He was described by other volunteers as "He struck a really good everyone, and taking on the spirit."

" by other volunteers, who came from all backgrounds, some having had troubles with drugs or crime.

It seems that there's a lot more to education than universities and books, and that the Chilean forests and a little

原文1

Harvard University is the oldest institute of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18, 000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. Harvard has produced six presidents of the United States and 34 Nobel Prize winners.

During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.

Under President Pusey (1953-1971), Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5 million dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard's physical facilities.

NeiI L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard's 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university's schools and faculties, Rudenstine

encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard's main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the importance of the university's excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard's doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.

原文2

International students often underestimate the amount of time required to apply for

admission to a college or university in the United States. You should avoid this mistake by setting yourself a schedule that starts well in advance of the time you hope to begin your

studies. When setting this timetable, always remember that doing things early is the best way forward. To find the institution or program that will best serve your academic or professional goals, allow yourself sufficient time to research thoroughly your options. Then meet the application deadlines of the universities to which you apply. These may be as much as 10 months before the beginning of the school term.

The need for an early start holds true even if you can apply on the Internet. University websites and other academic Internet sites may provide quick and convenient access to the required application forms, but you still need time to research your options, contact teachers and institutions to obtain recommendations and transcripts of academic records, and sign up for required entrance exams, that is, standardized tests, in time to meet application deadlines. In fact, although some students did score high on TOEFL and GRE, they were not admitted because they failed to meet the deadline. Unit3

Reasons for a Divorce

After years of marriage, the woman wants to is he keeps , and the family has had to she wants for her children and . Second, although he is

paying , they just live around the . Her children by other children for not dressing in good clothes. Also, they have to live in a small drive an though she admits she also yells at him and woman will give the husband only will demand

What four-letter words?

1. Dorothy's husband treated her badly.

2. Dorothy did not get married until she was in her 30s.

3. Dorothy enjoyed the honeymoon from the beginning to the very end.

4. Dorothy cried because her husband swore at her.

5. Dorothy wanted her mother to take her home.

What four-letter words?

1. What four-letter words did the husband use?

2. Why did Dorothy want her mother to take her home?

1.

A) Her husband was thinking about leaving her.

B) Monica wanted to take her children away.

C) She would become a single parent.

D) All of the above.

A Woman Who Chose Not to Remarry

2.

A) The two daughters liked to stay alone.

B) Seven-year-old Joanna could not bear being left alone.

C) The five-year-old daughter would vomit after each meal.

D) The two daughters were in a bad mood.

3.

A) Remarriages seldom collapse in the end.

B) Children are harmed in their parents' remarriages.

C) Children and parents get on well in blended families.

D) Children in single-parent families are more emotionally healthy.

4.

A) Children in blended families feel much better than in single-parent families.

B) Children in blended families feel no better than in single-parent families.

C) Children in blended families feel much worse than in single-parent families.

D) Children in both blended families and single-parent families take drugs.

5.

A) She might have sold drugs.

B) She might have killed herself.

C) She might have left home.

D) She might have remained single all her life.

A Woman Who Chose Not to Remarry

What conclusion did the speaker come to in the end?

原文1

Dorothy was the only child of her family, born when her parents were middle-aged. They spoiled her badly. At the age of 33 she still lived at home. Her mother and father treated her

like a princess. She seemed perfectly content with that situation, so her friends were surprised when she announced she would soon get married. People who knew her well said the marriage wouldn't last long. But for the present, she and her new husband appeared happy.

As soon as the newly married couple returned from their honeymoon, the bride called her mother.

"How did everything go?" her mother asked.

"Oh, Mom," she began, "the honeymoon was lovely! So romantic! We had a wonderful time. But on our way back, Bob started using really terrible language. Stuff I'd never heard before. Really awful four-letter words. You've got to come get me and take me home. Please, Mom!" the new bride sobbed over the telephone.

"But, honey," the mother asked, "What four-letter words?"

"I can't tell you, Mom. They're too awful! Come get me, please!"

"Darling, you must tell me what has upset you so much. Tell me what four-letter words he used."

Still sobbing, the bride said, "Mom, words like dust, wash, iron, and cook."

原文2

After 17 years of marriage, my husband left me for my best friend, Monica. What I had

feared most became a reality: I became the single parent of two young children. My daughters grew increasingly unhappy. Seven-year-old Joanna had anxiety attacks whenever she was left alone for more than a few minutes. Five-year-old Sophie would vomit after every meal. Under the psychological pressure, I thought about remarriage. My friends arranged dinners with single men and invited me to parties to meet the latest "someone special".

But later I changed my mind. A colleague of mine said, "Second marriages usually end in divorce, and children are destroyed by it." There is some truth in his words. Research published in 2004 showed that children in blended families were no more emotionally healthy than those in single-parent families.

Not long ago, my now-teenage daughters and I went to lunch at our favorite Italian

restaurant. While eating, we talked about a friend of ours who was divorcing her second

husband. We were worried about how the break would harm her three children, two of whom were struggling to get free of drugs. Joanna put down her fork and looked at me. "Mom, I'm glad you didn't remarry," she said. "If you had divorced again, I might have tried drugs or even considered suicide." At that moment, I realized, once again, that singleness was the right choice for me.

Early Marriage

1.

A) 18.

B) 19.

C) 20.

D) 21.

2.

A) She wants another girl.

B) She wants a son.

C) She wants to teach at a vocational school.

D) She wants to acquire skills to earn wages.

3.

A) They are facing pressure from both their relatives and the society.

B) Their parents also had babies early.

C) Most of their in-laws had babies before the age of 18.

D) They believe young mothers' babies are healthier.

4.

A) They bear a baby too early.

B) They bear babies too frequently.

C) They give birth to too many babies.

D) All of the above.

5.

A) The bitter life of a young mother.

B) The advantages and disadvantages of early marriage.

C) Problems of early marriage.

D) The earlier the marriage, the better.

Nuclear Family Living Patterns

A nuclear family is in higly-industiralized societies. Beginning in the early 20th century, the two-parent family, as the nuclear family, was the predominant American family type. children live with their parents until they go away to a

college or university, or until they their own jobs and move into their own or home.

In the early mid-20th century, the father was typically the wage earner, and the mother was the children's care giver. Today, often both parents hold

jobs. that does not start in the morning and end in the late afternoon. In these families, one of the parents manages the children while the other works.

Prior to school, care centers have sprung up to fulfill this need. Increasingly,

They are coming for Christmas.

1. What news does the man tell his son on the phone?

2. What are the reasons the father gives for the divorce?

3. What does the son do after receiving his father's call?

4. What will the daughter and son do? Why?

5. How does the father feel in the end? Why?

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