2017年高考英语全国卷长难句分析

2017年高考英语全国卷长难句分析

文| 李华军

为了帮助大家更好地理解全国卷出现的长难句，特将全国卷出现的长难句整理如下：

1.(2017年全国1卷阅读理解A篇)It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.

句意：这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。

分析：本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面为定语从句，修饰先行词one，且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定。

2.(2017年全国1卷阅读理解D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

句意：接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端放在杯子里，管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。

分析：本句为复合句。主句lay the tube in place为祈使句；so that引导目的状语从句，从句是and连接的并列句。

3.(2017年全国1卷阅读七选五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.

句意：如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会狂笑不已。

分析：本句为主从复合句。if引导的是条件状语从句，因表示对与过去事实相反的假设，所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that引导宾语从句。

4.(2017年全国1卷阅读七选五)This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.

句意：这次跟自然母亲的短暂亲近用去了我两天的假期，被严重晒伤的皮肤还需慢慢恢复，而且还花费了一笔钱为我儿子食物中毒看医生。

分析：句中cost后的直接宾语有三个，即A，B and C三个并列宾语。

5.(2017年全国1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.

句意：我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。

分析：此句为倒装句，little为否定词，当否定词位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。

6.(2017年全国1卷完形填空)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.

句意：我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。

分析：此句中what 引导的是主语从句，作句子的主语。此外，I had experienced in the past为定语从句，修饰先行词anything。

7. (2017年全国1卷完形填空)Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.

句意：相反，如果有任何交谈，那会导致我们学到较少的东西。

分析：本句为复合句。if引导的是虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，所以本句中条件状语从句使用过去完成时there had been；主句使用“would have done”结构。

8.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.

句意：通过把《爱的徒劳》那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语，Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧新的解释，通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出，旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建一座桥梁。

分析：在本句中，By translating ... BSL为方式状语，and连接creates和aims两个动词作并列谓语。

9.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位语从句、让步状语从句）

句意：拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。

分析：本句的主干是The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of... later 为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；后面的although there was ... live TV 为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。

10.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句）

句意：我们有着这样的信念——如果足够幸运获得成功，就应该有所回馈。他成立了Newman’s Own食品公司和为病重的孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令营，而我成立了圣丹斯协会和电影节。

分析：本句中，that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容；同位语从句中包含了一个if引导的条件状语从句；破折号后出现了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词kid。

11.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet .

句意：Terrafugia 说机主需要通过测试并且完成20个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶Transition，这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。

分析：本句中a requirement 为同位语，是对前面的内容作补充说明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定语从句，省略了充当宾语的关系代词that/which，修饰先行词requirement。

12.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (宾语从句、非谓语动词、定语从句)

句意：早在1983年，杰克?舒尔茨和伊恩?鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。

分析：本句中that引导宾语从句，作reported的宾语，从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smell。getting bitten by insects为现在分词作后置定语，修饰maple trees。

13.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示）that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.

句意为：如果有人敲门，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就礼貌地谢绝，让别人知道你很忙，这样他们就会得到暗示，当门关着的时候，你不想被打扰。

分析：本句为if引导条件状语从句。在主句中，you’re busy是know的宾语从句；so引导结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中包含一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明hint的内容。同时同位语从句又包含了一个when引导时间状语从句，因此句子的主句为you’re not to be disturbed.。

14.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（定语从句）

句意：布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商，这家开发商打算在电影院所在的土地上建一个购物中心。

分析：本句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a local development firm；此外，定语从句中又包含一个where引导的定语从句。

15.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in o rder to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

句意：纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB”的移动实验室，目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题所在。

16.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.

句意：对于很多老年人来说，特别是那些独自居住在乡间的老年人，驾驶对于保持他们（老年人）的独立性是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。

17.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.

句意：研究表明，放弃驾驶是导致老年人健康状况下降的主要原因之一，导致他们变得更加隔绝和懒散。

分析：that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中giving up driving为动名词短语作主语，leading to...作现在分词作状语。

18.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷完形填空) Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.

句意：Axani 在他的帖中说：他并不是寻求任何回报，使用这张多余机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅行，或者拿走机票自己旅行。

分析：本句中，that…and that…是并列的两个宾语从句，作wrote的宾语，who uses the extra ticket为定语从句，修饰先行词the woman。

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