谢孟媛 英文初级文法笔记 第38-42集-被动

Unit 3 被动语态 第38集

主动及被动

例如 1.Tom repairs bikes. Tom 修理自行车。

例如2.Bikes are repaired by Tom. 自行车被Tom 修理

被动语态的形式---主词 ＋beV＋ 过去分词（PP）by 行为者 过去分词（PP）代表 1、完成 Have/has ＋p.p 2、被动 BeV＋P.P

被动语态的形式 BeV ＋P.P

时态 被动

例如1. The song is sung by Jolin. 这首歌被Jolin唱。

被唱

例如2.I hear the song sung by Jolin 我听到这首歌被Jolin 唱

被唱

例如3. English and French are spoken in Canada.在加拿大说英文和法文。

主动及被动转换

例如：主动 He praised me.他夸奖我。

1 2 3

被动 I was praised by him.

3 2 1

注意及物动词才有被动语态，但是有些不及物动词＋介词可被视为及物动词片语。 所以可用被动词。

例如1. I listen to music。我听音乐。（可转被动） listen不是及物动词，listen to是及物动词片语

例如2.Something happened to Mark. Mark 发生了一些事情。（不可转被动）不是及物片语

例如3. He takes care of the newcomer to the club. 他照顾俱乐部新来的人。

1(S) 2 (V) 3 (O)

改被动The newcomer to the club is taken care of by him . 加入新俱乐部的人都是被他照顾。

3 2 beV ＋ PP 1

各种时态的被动语态形成----beV＋P.P

已学的6种时态 现在时、现在进行时

过去是、过去进行时 未来时、现在完成时

1. 现在时的被动语态----am/ are / is / ＋P.P

例如 Betly keeps five newborn cats at home. Betly在家中养了新生5只小猫。

1 2 3

改被动Five newborn cats are kept by Betly at home . 新生的5只小猫被Betly 在家中养。

3 2 3

2. 过去时的被动语态---was/ were ＋PP

例如1. They sold many kinds of child seats at the shop . 店里卖各种各样的儿童座椅

1 2 3

1

改被动Many kinds of child seats were sold (by them) at shop.

3 2 3（通常省略）

例如2. The police ran after the thief in the street . 警方在街上追捕小偷run after追捕

改被动The thief was ran after by the police in the street . 小偷在街上被警方追捕

此处不能省略

3.现在进行时的被动语态----am/are /is ＋being ＋P.P 第

Am/ Are /Is＋Ving ＋ BeV ＋ P.P

Am/ Are /Is ＋Being ＋P.P

39集

例如 Workers are building the new shopping center. 工人们正在建筑新的购物中心。

1 2 3

改被动The new shopping center is being built by workers .

3 2 is being P.P 1

4.过去进行时的被动语态----was /were＋being ＋ PP

例如 Mr. Smith was printing the exam papers .史密斯那时正在印刷考卷。

1 2 3

改被动The exam papers were being printed by Mr. Smith . 这些考试卷正被史密斯印刷。

5. 未来时的被动语态 will be P.P

am/are/is going to be p.p

例如1. They will hold the school sports in October .10月份学校要举办运动会。

1 2 3

改被动 The school sports will be held （by them）in October.

3 2 1(可以省略)

例如2. Our class are going to discuss the problem. 我们班人要讨论过这个问题

1 2 3 discuss 讨论，商量

改被动 The problem is going to be discussed by our class.

其他的助动词如 can /must /should.. +be p.p 同未来被动

例如1. Every one of us should follow school rules. 我们每一个人都要遵守校规。

1 2 3 Every one of us我们每一个人；

改被动School rules should be followed by every one of us. Every one of the bikes每一台自行车。

Everyone 指“人”，大家，每个人

6.现在完成时的被动语态 -----Have / has been ＋PP

现在完成 have/has ＋ P.P

＋ 被动语态 beV ＋ P.P 加起来就形成了have/has ＋ been ＋ P.P

例如1. The teacher has already punished the naughty boy. 老师已经处罚了那个淘气的男孩了

1 2 3 already副词

改被动 The naughty boy has already been punished by the teacher. 淘气的男孩已经被老师处罚了

3 2 3

2

各句型的被动语态形式

1. Yes/ No 问句---即 beV / aux 为首的问句。 就是以be动词或助动词为首的问句。

例如1. Did Judy mess up my room？是Judy把我的房间弄乱的吗？in a mess一团乱 肯定被动 My room was messed up by Judy. 我的房间是被Judy弄乱的。 疑问被动Was my room messed up by Judy ? 我的房间是被Judy 弄乱的吗？

例如2. Must I take the cold medicine three times a day .我必须要一天吃3次感冒药吗？

Must the cold medicine be taken by me three times a day.感冒药我必须要一天吃3次吗？ Tablet(s) 锭 capsule 胶囊。

2. WH 问句= 既疑问句词为首的问句 第

40集

例如1. What did he catch ? 他抓到什么了？

3 2 1

改被动 What was caught by him ? 什么东西被他抓到了？ 回答：The lion was. 是狮子。

例如2. When did the boy break the window? 男孩是什么时候打破窗户的？

1 2 3 did只是表示时态

321排列：when the window was broken by the boy. 疑问句要把was放到wh后 正确： When was the window broken by the boy? 这扇窗户是什么时候被男孩打破的？

回答：It was broken yesterday afternoon. 是昨天下午打破的

例如3. 西班牙是说什么语言呢？

What language is spoken in Spain? 回答： Spanish is. 是西班牙文。

1 2

3. Who ＋ 动词的疑问句==by whom ＋ beV ＋ S ＋ PP

例如1. Who bought the sweater? 谁买了这件毛衣呢？

1 2 3

321排列： The sweater was bought by whom. 它不成立疑问句 正确：Whom was the sweater bought by ? 这件毛衣是由谁买的呢？

或 By whom was the sweater bought ? （常用）

4. 否定句---主词S + beV （be动词）not P.P

aux （助动词）not be P.P

例如1. They don’t collect recyclable paper every day .并非每天都回收纸类。

1 2 3

被动：Recyclable paper isn’t collected （by them）every day. 并非每天都回收纸类。

3不可数 2 beV＋P.P 1 可省

Not every 并非每一；recycle回收利用 bicycle自行车。 Revire 复习 reran 重新开始

例如2. We can’t see a full moon tonight 今晚不能看到满月。the moon月亮 该被动 A full moon can’t be seen (by us) tonight。满月是看不到的。by us可省

特别注意的被动语态

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一般人

1. by ＋ 行为者省略 含糊不清的某人 未指明某人

例如1. Rice is grown in Taiwan .台湾种植稻子。一般人省略

例如2. My uncle was killed in the war . 我的叔叔在战场上死亡。含糊不清的某人省略

例如3.The novel was translated into many languages。未指明某人省略

这部小说被翻译成许多国的语言。Translated into 被翻译

2.不使用by 的被动语态 第41集

为（人）…….所知 be known to

例如1. Mr. Jackson is known to people in this town。 这个街上的人都知道Mr. Jackson.

以……闻名be known for-特色

例如2. Taipei is known for its good foods。台北以它的美食而闻名。

以……闻名Be Known as –身份

例如3.She is known as a successful singer。 她身为一名歌手而成名。

Known可以换成 famus

例如4. Those mountains are covered with snow . 那些山覆盖着白雪。

Be Covered with 被什么覆盖

例如5. They were caught in a shower during the barbecue .他们烤肉时被一阵雨淋了。 Be caught in a shower.被一阵雨淋了 例如6. Shoes are made of leather. 皮鞋是皮子做的。

成品 原料 -----物理变化 用 Made of 由……制成 例如7. Bread is made from flour .面包是面粉做的

成品 原料 -----化学变化 用 Made from由……制成

表示情绪和感情的被动语态也不能用by

Interested 兴趣 in (be interested in ) Surprised 惊奇 at ( 有方向性的要用at)

Satisfied 满意 with

例如 人＋bev Impressed 印象 with ＋事物

Pleased 愉快 with

Excited 兴奋 about 记忆口诀 兴奋给一个拥抱。 Worried 担心 about 3 授予动词的被动语态

授予动词的主动 授予V＋ O（人）＋O（物） O（物）＋介词＋O（人）

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注意改被动语态时 受词一次只能拿一个做变化

例如1. The embessy gave me a new passport . 大使馆给了我一份新的护照。 1 2 3

改被动 I was given a new passport by the embassy .我被大使馆给予了一份新的护照

例如2. The embessy gave a new passport to me. 1 2 3 改被动 A new passport was given to me by the embassy . 一份新的护照被大使馆给了我。

例如3. Mr .White told us the history story. White 先生告诉我们这个历史故事。 1 2 3

改被动We were told the history story by Mr. White. 我们被告诉了这个历史故事是从white那里 或 The history story was told to us by Mr. White .这个历史故事是被white先生告诉我们的。

注意有些授予动词如 cook、make、read…. 等不能用人做为被动的主语。 例如Mom cooked us vegetable soup. 妈妈给我们做了蔬菜汤。

改被动 Vegetable soup was cooked for us by Mom .蔬菜汤是被我妈妈做给我们的。

错误： we were cooked vegetable soup by Mom.

4. S主词＋V动词＋O受词＋C补语 的被动语态。第

42集

例如 1 . They painted the board blue. 他们把木板漆成了蓝色。

改被动The board was painted blue by them . 板子被他们漆成了蓝色。

例如2. We elected Jake chairperson.我们选Jake当主席 cheerleader拉拉队长classlead班长

改被动Jake was elected chairperson by us . Jake 被我们选为主席。

5. 祈使句的被动语态

原形动词＋受词=====Let ＋受词＋原beV ＋P.P

例如 （You）open the door. 把门打开。错误：The door is opened 门被打开，与原句意思不同改被动 Let the door be opened. Let 后面永远用原形动词

Let＋O(人) ＋原形动词＋O (物)

例如 Let me tell the truth 就让我说实话吧。

该被动 let the truth be told by me. 实话就让我说出来吧。

*6.使役动词的被动语态

（1）Make ＋ O ＋ V （主动） Make 叫….（强调）

Have PP（被动） Have 叫…..（一般）

（2） Let ＋ O ＋ V（主动）

Be ＋PP（被动）

（3）get ＋ O ＋ To V （主动） PP （被动）

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例如1. My brother made me run errands for him. 我的哥哥叫我帮他跑腿。有点强迫的。

My brother had me run errands for him 一般的口气。run errands 跑腿

My brother let me run errands for him My brother get me to run errands for him .

例如2. I had my hair cut（PP）yesterday . 我昨天剪了我的头发。 被动语态

例如3. let it be done (do) at once. 立刻去做这件是吧 被动语态 at once 立刻

例如4. Mr.Lin made me do (do ) the work . Lin先生叫我去做这个工作。（前主后主）

例如5. Mr.Lin made the work done (do) by me. Lin先生叫我做了这个工作。（前主后被）

*例如6. I was made to do（do）the work by Mr. Lin. 我被Lin先生叫去做这个工作

（前被后主）to do 要用不定词

7. 感官动词的被动语态。

Feel V （主动） see

watch Ving（主动） look at ＋ O

notice P.P （被动） hear listen to

例如1. I saw him beat /beating (beat) the little boy. 我看见他打一个小男孩。

例如2. I saw the little boy beaten by him. 我看见一个小男孩被打。（被动）

例如3. He was seen to beat/ beating the little boy by me .他打小男孩被我看见。

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例如1. My brother made me run errands for him. 我的哥哥叫我帮他跑腿。有点强迫的。

My brother had me run errands for him 一般的口气。run errands 跑腿

My brother let me run errands for him My brother get me to run errands for him .

例如2. I had my hair cut（PP）yesterday . 我昨天剪了我的头发。 被动语态

例如3. let it be done (do) at once. 立刻去做这件是吧 被动语态 at once 立刻

例如4. Mr.Lin made me do (do ) the work . Lin先生叫我去做这个工作。（前主后主）

例如5. Mr.Lin made the work done (do) by me. Lin先生叫我做了这个工作。（前主后被）

*例如6. I was made to do（do）the work by Mr. Lin. 我被Lin先生叫去做这个工作

（前被后主）to do 要用不定词

7. 感官动词的被动语态。

Feel V （主动） see

watch Ving（主动） look at ＋ O

notice P.P （被动） hear listen to

例如1. I saw him beat /beating (beat) the little boy. 我看见他打一个小男孩。

例如2. I saw the little boy beaten by him. 我看见一个小男孩被打。（被动）

例如3. He was seen to beat/ beating the little boy by me .他打小男孩被我看见。

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