英语大二上四级复习题及答案

一、单词释意

1.Directions: Match the words with their definitions on the right. 1. _____ dwell a. a helpful or good effect 2. _____ definite b. being exactly the same

3. _____ benefit c. to make one’s home or live in 4. _____ championship d. a person form one’s own country 5. _____ identical e. known for certain

6. _____ compatriot f. the position or title of a winner 7. _____ compatible g. choice of a single point of view 8. _____ indicate h. able to get along well 9. _____ crisis i. to get hold of

10. ______ perspective j. to point out or show by symptoms 11. ______ obtain k. a crucial or decisive point or situation

Keys: 1.c 2. e 3. a 4.f 5.b 6. d 7. h 8. j 9. k 10. g 11. i

2. Match the words with their definitions on the right 1. _____calorie a. one thing on a list of things to buy, do, talk about, etc. 2. _____steady b. firmly fixed, supported or balanced 3. _____ item c. being fat in an unhealthy way 4. _____stressedd. a statement of sth. as a fact 5. _____obesity e. an action taken to achieve a purpose 6. _____distractedf. too anxious and tired to be able to relax 7. _____indicate g. to show that sth. is true or exists

8. _____claim h. a unit for measuring the amount of energy

9. _____measure i. a person who studies or writes about economics

10. ____economist j. unable to pay attention to sb./sth. because you are doing or

thinking about sth. else

Answers: 1. h 2. b 3. a 4. f 5. c 6. j 7. g 8. d 9.e 10. i

3. Match the words with their definitions on the right 1. primitivea. to make (sth.) easy to do or understand 2. unifyb. system of writing

3. simplifyc. to make an object or pattern by cutting a piece of wood or stone 4.inscriptiond. to form (sth.) into a single unit or make uniform 5.scripe. mature

6. sophisticatedf. belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 7. ancientg. of or at an early stage of social development

8. carveh. words written on sth., cut in stone (eg on a monument) or stamped on a coin or medal 9. evolution i. being an ancient or prehistoric drawing or painting on a rock wall

10. earthenware j. having a quality or characteristic that makes sth. different and easily noticed 11. archaeological k. to use sth. especially fuel, energy or time 12. distinctive l. the gradual development of sth. 13. cursive m. made of very hard baked clay

14. consume n. (of handwriting) with the letters joined together 15. pictographic o. of or related to archaeology

答案1.g 2. d 3. a 4. h 5. b 6. e 7. f 8. c 9. l 10. m 11.o 12.j 13. n 14.k 15. i

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4. Match the words with their definitions on the right 1. productive a. very impressive 2. swiftb. sth. rented

3. unplugc. support for the members of a group

4. solidarityd. providing a good result or a large amount of sth.

5.interpersonale. to remove a plug for an electrical device from a socket 6. rentalf. happening within a very short time

7. spectacular g. involving relationships between people

8. exotic h. that is neither very good, large, hot, etc. nor very bad, small, cold, etc. 9. immunity i. made or produced to copy sth. natural; not real

10. tropical j. tasks such as cleaning, washing, and ironing that have to be done regularly at home 11. remembrance k. form or in another country, especially a tropical one

12. collapse l. the body’s ability to avoid or not be affected by infection and disease

13. chore m. the act or process of remembering an event in the past or a person who is dead 14. moderate n. coming from, found in or typical of hte tropics 15. artificial o. to fall down, especially because you are very ill 答案1．d 2. f 3. e 4. c 5. g 6. b 7. a 8. K 9. l 10. n 11. m 12. o 13.j 14. h 15. i 5. Match the words with their definitions on the right 1. Appetite a. strong and made well

2. Concerned b. a principle, an idea or a fact that sth. is based on and that it grows from 3. Impede c. very greedy for food 4. Foundation d. to delay or stop the progress of sth. 5. solid e. physical desire for food 6.Gluttonous f. Worried

7.adopt g. at present time

8.launch h. to start to use a particular method 9.currently i. to start an activity 10.promote j. having an effect

11.effective k. to help sth to happen or develop 12.source l. the basic facts about a subject

13.ABC m. a palce person or thing that you get sth from 14.appetite n. to try to make sb.do sth 15.push o. physical desire for food

1.e 2.f 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.h 8.i 9.g 10.k 11.j 12.m 13.l 14.o 15.n 6.Match the words with their definitions on the right

1. milestone a. succeed in doing (sth.); complete successfully 2. freakish b. set an action or a process in motion 3. barrier c. a very important event in the development of sth. 4. trigger d. practicable; possible 5. feasible e. unusual or abnormal; strange 6. achieve f. thing that prevents or controls progress or movement 7. apparel g. to cause sth. to start or develop, especially suddenly 8.merchant h. to send goods to shops/stores and businesses so that they can be sold 9.distribute i. clothes, particularly those worn on a formal occasion

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10.spark j. a person who buys and sells goods in large quantities, especially one who

imports and exports goods.

11.volume k. to pay no attention to sth. 12.ignore l. the amount of sth.

13.fraction m. generally recognized, accepted, or admitted

14.acknowledge n. in addition to an amount that is necessary, usual or legal 15.excess o. a division of a number

答案：1.c 2.e 3.f 4.b 5.d 6.a 7.i 8.j 9.h 10.g 11.l 12.k 13.o 14.m 15.n 二、单项选择Multiple Choice:

1. Directions: Choose the best answer for each sentence. 1. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music.

A. making herself hear B.to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard

2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 3. You were silly not _____your car.

A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 4. The teacher asked us _____ so much noise.

A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 5. The meeting _____next week is sure to be a great success.

A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 6. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ______in a fire.

A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed 7. Will you lend him a magazine______?

A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. reading 8. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears______ everything.

A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 9. I feel it an honour ______ to speak here.

A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked 10. I am sorry______ written you a letter at the time.

A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 11. Who will you get _______ the project for us?

A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing

12. My family considers _______ a computer, which is considered ______ a great help in our work and study.

A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be 13. At that time, the only thing for him to do was ______ bravely against the enemy. A. fought B. fight C. fighting D. to fight 14. It happened _____ when I got there.

A. that it is raining B. to be raining C. to rain D. to raining 15. The chair is hard, but it’s comfortable_____.

A. to sit B. for sitting on C. to sit on D. to be sat on 16. Chinese martial arts are______ great interest _______ many foreigners. A. in ? to B. of ? to C. in ? in D. of ? in

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17. The morning flight is______to us as we will arrive in time to attend the afternoon meeting. A. direct B. quick C. suitable D. inclusive

18. Are there still tickets ______ on the morning flight to Shenzhen? A. free B. suitable C. available D. ready

19. Technicians with good skills are always_______.

A. on the demand B. on demand C. in the demand D. in demand 20. Miss Yang is likely to be________ for promotion.

A. sent B. recommended C. advised D. reported 21. Mr. Liu works with a travel agency as a________ .

A. tourist guide B. tour guide C. travel guide D. trip guide 22. One cannot judge a person only by his ________ conditions. A. economical B. economics C. economic D. economy 23. Department stores offer a big ________ of items. A. kind B. variety C. type D. model

24. They sold the old furniture to make ________ for the new. A. a room B. a space C. room D. space

25. The garments in the department store are so expensive that I can’t _____ them. A. buy B. purchase C. afford D. take

26. They______good friends and often visited each other.

A. are used to being B. are used to be C. used to being D. used to be 27. We soon arrived ______ the airport. A. in B. at C. on D. to

28. After he________ the unforgettable failure of love, he became afraid of it. A. felt B. forgot C. met D. experienced

29. There is a _________ of two hours with the 7:40 train. A. delay B. change C. schedule D. timetable 30. John is busy ________ his girlfriend with her paper. A. to help B. helping C. help D. helps

Keys: 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7.C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B 12.D 13.D 14. B 15. C 16-20 BCCDB21-25 BCBCC 26-30 DBDAB 2.

1. I got in touch with Charles ______ I received his letter. A. when immediately B. soon C. immediately D. suddenly

2. I have been keeping the portrait ___ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris. A. since B. where C. as D. if 3. She told us ______ story that we all forgot about the time.

A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting

4. He seemed to have been asleep, so I said nothing, but sat ____ he would see me ____ waking. A. whether; when B. that; when C. which; where D. where; when 5. It will be five years ______ we meet again. A. since B. until C. before D. when 6. ______ I want to see it again. A. Very moving is the film that B. Such moving the film is that

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C. So moving is the film that D. So moving the film is that

7. Why do you want to find a new job ______ you’ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 8. ______ he is, he will be thinking of you. A. Wherever B. Where C. Now that D. As soon as

9. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. there

10. Hardly had I arrived in Hong Kong ______ she rang me up. A. when B. than C. that D. and 11. She was busy, ______she didn’t go to your birthday party last night. A. so B. and C. or D. but

12. Telephone me as soon as you ______ the results. A. will get B. get C. had got D. got

13. The child was ______ immediately after supper. A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bed C. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed 14. ______ they heard the shout for help, they rushed out. A. Immediately B. The moment C. The instant D. All of the above 15. It has been ten years ______ he smoked. A. that B. when C. since D. While

答案：CBADC CDABA ABCDC 3. Directions: Choose the best answer for each sentence.

1. ______ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever 2. Much hard ______ he tried, he failed to catch up with the first runner. A. although B. as C. while D. when

3. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind,_they hunt them for food. A. if B. while C. unless D. as

4. ______ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way. A. Although B. Unless C. Because D. When

5. ______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check

6. I would never speak to someone like that ______ they said something unpleasant to me. A. even if B. so that C. as if D. ever since

7. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn，______. A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life 8. John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ______ he phones. A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that 9. —Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday? —No. But if I ______ the time, I would definitely go. A. have B. had C. have had D. would have 10. They went on working ______ it was late at night. A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though

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11. ______ you try, you will never succeed. A. If B. Until C. Since D. Unless

12. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly ______. A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose 13. We’ll be only too glad to attend your party ______we can get a baby-sitter. A. so far as B. provided that C. unless D. except that

14. Government cannot operate effectively ______ it is free from such interference. A. so long as B. so that C. unless D. because

15. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? —I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach. A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that 答案：ABCAC ABCBA DBBCB 4.

1. My grandmother is a millionaire, but ______ money does not solve all her problems.

A. has B. to have C. having D. having had 2. Some people’s greatest pleasure is ______.

A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fished D. being fishing

3. How I regret ____ to see Susan off the night before last. Remember _____ when she comes

back next week. A. my not going; tell B. my not going; to tell me C. my not having gone; telling me D. that I won’t go; to tell me 4. Jane is too shy to stand ______. You’d better not play jokes on her. A. being laughed at B. laughing at C. to laugh D. to be laughed 5. ______ clean is a safeguard against disease. A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping

6. Your flat needs ______. Would you like me ______ it for you?

A. to clean; to do B. cleaning; doing C. cleaning; to do D. to be cleaned; doing 7. Excuse me for ______ in without ______.

A. coming; asking B. coming; being askedC. come; asking D. come; being asked 8. We can’t understand ______ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 9. It is no good ______ today’s work to tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 10. What about ______ to the concert with us? A. we go B. we going C. going D. to go

The answers: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.d 9.b 10.c 5.

1.________I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A If B Whether C Even if D No matter when 2.________that there is another good harvest this year. A It says B It is said C It was said D He was said 3.________we need more practice is quite clear. A When B What C That D/

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4.________is unknown to us all.

A Where did she put it B Where she put it C That where she put it D In which she put it 5.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

6.________he referred to in his article was unknown to general readers. A That B What C Whether D Where

7.________we can’t get seems better than ______we have. A What; what B What ; that C That ; that D That ; what 8.________parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A That B Which C What D As

9.It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language. A masters B should master C mastered D will master 10. It worried her a bit ____her hair was turning grey. A while B that C if D for 11.When and why he came here _______ yet.

A is not known B are not known C has not known D have not known 12._____we go swimming every day ____ us a lot of good . A If ; do B That ; do C If ; does D That ; does 13.It’s uncertain _____the experiment is worth doing. A if B that C whether D how 14.____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.\\ A If B Whether C That D Where 15.____is going to do the job will be decided by the committee. A That B Why C How D Who

Keys: 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 7.

1. He gave me a suggestion that I _______ calm now. A. was B. is C. am D. be

2. The reason why it was called “the wind’s eye” was ______ the slit let in more wind than light. A. because B. thatC. what D. which 3. That’s ______ they’ve been looking so worried these days. A. why B. what C. that D. how

4. To those scientists, it still remains to be a question ______ man can go back to the old days with time machine.

A. if B. that C. how D. whether

5. The traditional view is ___ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that

6. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why

7. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad． A. that B. what C. all what D. which

8. The news ______ to Mount Tai during the summer holidays delighted all of us. A. we would go B. which we would go C. that we would go D. would go

9. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ___ he can walk correctly and safely.

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A. when B. where C. which D. whose 10. The problem is ______ is the man we are looking for. A. that B. who C. which D. whoever

11. ______ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether 12. Our demand is that ______.

A. another experiment will be made B. another experiment be made C. we shall make another experiment D. we must make another experiment 13. Why he fell ill suddenly was ______ he was caught in the rain yesterday. A. because B. since C. that D. what 14. The point is ______ we’ll do the work at all. A. how B. that C. why D. whether 15. He looks ______ he is ill. A. like B. that C. as D. as if

答案1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 二、 翻译 （一）

1.同样，我们的个人观点也无法解释这一现象。 1. 友谊属于拥有相同灵魂的两个人。

2. 掌握至少两种外语对现代年轻人来讲是非常重要的。 3. 想要学好一门外语，必须要辛苦地付出。（表示目的） 4. 几年后他回到家乡，发现家乡发生了巨大的变化。（表示结果） 5. 我们会全力以赴，但是也会全力支持对方。 6. 有时失败是一件让人难以接受的事。

7. 其他的研究也表明，拥有朋友能舒缓压力。

8. 在面临危机时，朋友能提供情感上和物质上的支持，通常有助于提升生活的质量。 9. 他们将朋友的困难视为自己的困难，经常提供物质上和精神上的支持。 Keys:

1. Neither are our personal perspectives are very helpful. 2. A single soul dwelling in to bodies

3. It is important for modern young people to master at least to foreign languages. 4. To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.

5. A few years later he returned home to find that his hometown had greatly changed. 6. We’re for ourselves, but we support each other 100 percent. 7. Sometimes it’s hard to get beaten.

8. Other research indicates that having friends reduces stress.

9. In times of crisis, having friends provides emotional and material support, and generally contributes to an improved quality of life.

10. They behave as if their friends’ problems were their own problems by offering practical and emotional support at all times. （二）

1. Feeling pressured is natural, but now many children can’t bear or deal with multiple expectations and requirements, which causes psychological problems.感觉有压力是正常的，但现在许多孩子无法承受或不懂怎样面对多重的期望、要求，最终产生了心理问题。

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1.In fact, Cheng has already attended a course for those interested in mathematics given by a private school each Saturday; although he has said privately that he is not interested in math. 实际上，岑程已经参加了一个课程，这是一所私立学校每周六为那些对数学感兴趣的学生举办的培训课，尽管他私下说他对数学不感兴趣。

2.We’re strict with our son to lay a solid foundation for him to become a useful person in the future. 我们严格要求我们的儿子是为他将来成才打下良好的基础。

3.As their parents push them to study and become involved in many activities in an effort to have them gain admission to a famous university and get a good job. 因为他们的父母对他们的学习严加督促，并且让他们参与各种活动，以便他们将来能够读名牌大学并且找到好工作。 4.Nearly half of the students surveyed attended cram schools over the summer holiday last year, and 57.6 percent of the students say that they feel agonized due to the heavy pressure of study. 接受调查的学生中，几乎有一半的学生在去年暑假参加过补习班，还有57.6%的学生说由于繁重的学习压力，他们觉得痛苦。

5.Their problems will have a direct influence on their personalities, causing restricted behaviors or great emotional suffering and impeding the development of sociability, which will continue even after they grow up.

他们的问题会对他们的个性产生直接的影响，会导致他们形成内向的行为方式或遭受重大的情感痛苦，也会阻碍他们交际能力的发展，甚至在他们长大以后，这样的问题仍然存在。 6.Many institutions require that anything written on the chalkboard should be in English. 许多机构要求任何写在黑板上的东西都要用英文。

7.While colleges and universities across China launched bilingual education to meet the need for more bilingual personnel after the country’s entry to the World Trade Organization, city-wide bilingual education was highly promoted in Beijing, the host city for the 2008 Olympics and the co- host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics, and Shanghai, the host city for the 2010 World Expo.当全国各大院校推出双语教育，以适应中国加入世界贸易组织后对双语人才的需求的时候，2008年奥运会主办城市、2022 年冬季奥运会联合主办城市北京和2010 年世博会主办城市上海在全市范围内大力推广双语教学。

8.In fact, Shanghai pioneered bilingual education more than a hundred years ago, when schools offering bilingual education were open only to the privileged from wealthy families. 事实上，上海一百多年前就开创了双语教学的先河，那时提供双语教育的学校仅向那些来自富裕家庭的有特权的人开放。

9.Bilingual education means using two different languages in education, which has been adopted in many countries around the globe, including Canada and the United States. 双语教育是指在教育中使用两种不同的语言进行教学，包括加拿大和美国在内的许多国家已经采用了双语教育。

10.All around the world, sports teams have now become so popular that merchants find it commercially profitable to market all kinds of team merchandise to their fans, particularly uniforms.在世界各地，球队现在变得如此受球迷的喜爱，以至于商人发现，把球队的种种商品，尤其是球服，出售给球迷具有商业利润。

11.In the USA, there is big demand for NBA basketball jerseys, which as well as having the team colours and logos, can be manufactured to include players’ names and numbers. But the market has also gone global. 在美国，球迷对NBA球服的需求巨大，商人生产这些球服及其球队颜色和标志，包括球员的名字、号码等。市场也趋于全球化了。

12.Today highly-qualified experts and professionals have a much better understanding of the

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physiology of the human body, based on decades of research, backed by millions of dollars of funding, and assisted by previously unheard-of technology.

今天，一流的专家和职业运动员以几十年的研究为基础，以千百万美元的资助为后盾，加上史无前例的技术支持，对人体的生理机能有了更好的理解。

13.Runners have been trying to achieve marathon times of less than 2 hours for decades,. There was a time when it was not considered feasible to run a mile in 4 minutes, but it was achieved in 1954 by an Englishman, Roger Bannister.以前人们认为在4分钟内跑完一英里是不可能实现的，但英国人罗杰班尼斯特在1954年做到了。

14.Marathon runners now seem to be getting very close to a sub-2-hour time.

马拉松选手们似乎已经很接近于在两小时内跑完全程了。

15.So what’s stopping these athletes running just that fraction faster? 那么为什么这些马拉松选手无法突破2小时的记录呢？

16.Other reasons have to do with the smoothness of the running surface, the temperature, and the direction and strength of the wind. 其他原因涉及路面的平整度、气温以及风向和风力。 17.Similarly, licensed dealers distribute NFL football jerseys all over America to enthusiastic fans, and also find a market in Europe and the UK, although in those countries soccer jerseys are more likely to be seen on the high street, and those sales patterns are taken seriously.

同样得到授权的企业霸权没敢篮球联盟的运动衫分销给美国各地的热情球迷，他们在欧洲和英国也找到了市场尽管在这些国家，足球运动衫在大街上随处可见，销售模式也更为正式。 18.In fact, just about every major sport, from car racing to wrestling, is continuing to grow in popularity, contributing to a worldwide surge in the purchase of team merchandise, in spite of the economic downturn. 事实上，从赛车到摔跤，几乎每一项主要运动的受欢迎程度都在持续增长，因此尽管经济放缓，球队商品的销售量在全球都是增长的。 （三）

1. Part of the answer lies in the fact that Starbucksmarkets its products to higher-income people who are typically both better-educated and more accustomed to interpreting different kinds of information.

2.This seems to be another manifestation of the information overload and indicates the need for more user-friendly label designs.

3.While not all of the claims made for it are borne out by research, it is known that garlic is a strong antibiotic if applied directly.

4.The health benefits of a daily glass of red wine have often been claimed without many scientific bases

5 In other words, they are better able to understand what the calorie count on a label means in terms of the effect on their bodies.

6. In fact, studies repeatedly indicate that calorie counters are not effective in encouraging people to eat less.

7. In other words, they are better able to understand what the calorie count on a label means in terms of the effect on their bodies.

8. The teenagers were found to reduce what they bought by as much as 40%. 9. This, however, is often not the case.

10. It has a similar reputation in many countries as a medicinal food.

1. 部分答案在于向高收入人群推销其产品，这些高收入人群通常拥有良好的教育背景，而且更习惯于解读各种不同信息。

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2. 这似乎也再次表明了信息超负荷,并且也表明我们需要使用更多的方便消费者使用的标签。 3. 虽然科学并未完全证明关于大蒜的种种说法，但大家都知道，大蒜作为一种抗生素，可以直接敷用。

4. 每天饮用一杯红葡萄酒有益健康的这种说法一直以来是在没有太多科学依据的情况下被宣称的。

5. 换句话说，他们能更好地理解就身体来说，标签上标出的卡路里所具有的意义。

6. 实际上，研究反复表明，表明食物中所含卡路里的多少对鼓励大众减少食物摄入量的作用并不明显。

7. 换言之，他们能更好地理解热量标签上公示的暗含之意。 8. 年轻消费者在购物是消减了多大40%的购买量。 9. 然而，事实并非如此。

10. 在许多国家，蒜作为一种食疗法也同样颇负盛名。 （四）

1. It is safe to say that the earthenware signs ate the origin of Chinese characters.

2. The most sophisticated and earliest Chinese characters are the inscriptions on tortoiseshell and animal bones called Jiaguwen (oracle bone inscriptions) of the Shang Dynasty that resembled drawings.

3. Chinese is one of the dive working languages chosen by the United Nations.

4. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played a significant role in the development of the outstanding culture of the Chinese people.

5. Chinese characters combine shapes with sounds and meanings to form unique, block-shaped characters that carry meanings.

6. Archaeological researchers discovered many such signs carved on earthenware excavated from Banpo Village and Jiangzhai Village.

7. These marks were carved during the Yangshao Culture Period some 6,000 years ago in the primitive society.

8. More than 4,000 years ago, people living in Tai’an area of Shangdong Province also carved some signs on earthenware.

9.That is to say, Chinese characters originated from drawings.

10.The most sophisticated and earliest Chinese characters are the inscriptions on tortoiseshell and animal bones called Jiaguwen. 译文：

1.可以肯定的说，陶器上的符号就是中国汉子的起源。

2.最成熟的最早汉字是刻在甲骨及动物骨头上的文字，成为商朝的甲骨文，这些文字与图画相类似。

3. 中文是联合国的五种工作语言之一。

4. 作为一种最古老的文字，汉字在中国优秀文化的发展过程中发挥了重要作用。

5. 汉子把字形、发音和字意结合在一起，形成了独一无二的代表着不同意思的方块字。 6. 在半坡村和姜寨村，考古学家发掘出许多刻在陶器上的这样的字符。 7. 这些字符刻于大约6000年前原始社会的仰韵文化时期。

8. 4000多年前，生活在山东泰安地区的人们也在陶器上刻过这样的字符。 9. 可以肯定地讲，汉字起源于图画。

10. 最早最成熟的汉字是商朝的刻在龟壳和兽骨上的文字，我们称之为甲骨文。 （五）

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1. It is safe to say that the earthware signs are the origin of Chinese characters

2. The most sophisticated and easiest Chinese characters are the inscriptions on tortoiseshell and animal bones called Jiaguwen (oracle bone inscriptions) of the Shang Dynasty that resembled drawings.

3. Despite the large differences among Chinese dialects, there is one thing in common for them------ they all share the same writing system that is Chinese characters.

4. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played a significant role in the development of the outstanding culture of the Chinese people.

5. Chinese characters combine shapes with sounds and meanings to form unique, block-shaped characters that carry meanings.

6. Chinese characters originated from drawings carved on earthenwares. Jiaguwen of the Shang Dynasty is a kind of Chinese characters similar to drawings.

7. In the Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty, there were also inscriptions on bronze wares called Zhongdingwen, which also resembled drawings.

8. The official script broke away from the pictographic characteristic of ancient Chinese characters, laying some foundation for the emergence of Kaishu (regular script).

9. For the students in Chinese schools, they are required to write the Chinese characters in Kaishu as the regular script.

10. It is generally agreed that people of each province have a special dialect, and then people from different cities, towns, and villages have their own special dialects as well.

11.Modern Chinese characters have mostly experienced a long process of evolution and gradually formed. So have modern Chinese dialects.

12. Mandarin is the national dialect, the official language or the main language of China.

13.A Mandarin speaker in northern China usually understands little Cantonese, but a non- Mandarin speaker usually can speak some Mandarin with a strong accent.

14. It is estimated that about 80 million people use Cantonese. It has also becom America’s third largest language and it is the only dialect that has a perfect writing system besides Chinese. 15. A lot of factors give rise to the diversity of modern Chinese dialects, including social, historical and geographical factors. 答案

1. 可以肯定地说，陶器上的符号就是中国汉字的起源。 2. 最成熟的最早汉字是刻在龟甲及动物骨头上的文字，称为商朝的甲骨文，这些文字与图画相类似。

3. 尽管汉语方言中存在巨大差异，但是它们有一个相通之处，那就是所有语言都是以汉字为书写体系。

4. 作为一种最古老的文字，汉字在中国优秀文化的发展过程中发挥了重要作用。

5. 汉字把字形、发音和字意结合在一起，形成了独一无二的代表着不同意思的方块字。 6. 汉字源于刻在陶器上的绘画。商朝的甲骨文就是一种类似图画的汉字。

7. 在商朝和西周，还有刻在青铜上的文字，我们称之为钟鼎文，它们看起来也很像绘画。 8. 官方文字脱离了古汉字的象形字，为楷书的出现奠定了基础。 9. 在中国，学校要求学生们写汉字时要用楷书书写。

10. 人们普遍认同每个省都有其独特的方言，而来自不同城市、乡镇和村庄的人也都有自己的方言。

11. 现代汉字大多是在经历了一个漫长的演变过程后逐渐形成的，现代方言也是这样。

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12. 普通话是国家方言、官方语言或中国的主要语言。 13. 在中国北方讲普通话的人一般不懂粤语，但不讲普通话的人通常可以说些口音很重的普通话。

14. 据估计，大约有八千万人讲粤语。它也成为澳大利亚的第四大语言，加拿大和美国的第三大语言。

15. 包括社会、历史和地理在内的很多因素使中国方言趋于多样性。 （六）

1.Although people often complain that they don’t feel better for very long after a break from work, scientific studies are supporting the old idea that vacations do actually have health benefits.

2. As it turns out, the effects of vacations are not an immediate pick-me-up or a new, optimistic view of the world.

3. Even the best vacations may not have lasting effects on perceived happiness, but any at all do affect general health for significant periods of time.

4. The answer appears to lie less in the quality of the location than in the strength of the shared experiences at the time.

5. This is because such experiences can be relived by those present at later dates, building a sense of solidarity and strengthening interpersonal bonds, especially with close friends and family members.

6. As long as everyone unplugs their smartphones and games and focuses on simply being social. 7. For those desperate to get away from the daily grind but lacking the funds to travel to exotic places, this is good news.

8. Research has shown that the best way to stop feeling tired is to do some moderate exercise. 9. Research has shown that regular, low-intensity exercise is effective in boosting energy levels. 10. This does not apply to those people who are actually chronically tired because of particular medical conditions, but for the rest of us, it is a cheap and easy way to improve the quality of your day.

11. This is because fatigue is not primarily a matter of a weak or lazy body, but akin to chronic depression, which discourages us from the effort and pain of heavy exercise.

12. The resulting energy boost can last for the rest of the afternoon, and the downturn will come late at night, about the time to go to bed, resulting in a better sleep.

13. It has long been recognized that any exercise at all helps to increase your metabolism and elevate your mood.

14. Something as simple as walking around the house is enough to get you started.

15. If you manage to do some gardening or chores, you get the added satisfaction of having achieved something, which motivates you to do more. 答案

1. 虽然人们经常抱怨在休假后的很长一段时间内都感觉不对劲，但科学研究却支持休假确

实对健康有益这一说法。

2. 结果证明假期的作用并不是让人瞬间提神也不是给人以全新的、积极乐观的世界观。 3. 即便是最美妙的假期也不会永远让人感觉快乐，而是在一段时期内对人的身心健康带来

一定影响。

4. 答案似乎更侧重于旅行过程中与同伴分享共同经历的优势，而非旅行地点的好坏。 5. 这是因为这些记忆会在以后的日子里重现，帮助你建立与人团结一致的感觉并改善人与

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人之间的关系尤其是与家人和朋友的关系。

6. 只要每个人抛开智能手机和网游，仅仅专注于社交即可。

7. 对于那些急切想摆脱日常繁琐工作但又没钱出国度假的人来说，有个好消息。 8. 研究表明舒缓疲劳的最好方法是做适量的运动。 9. 研究表明经常进行低强度的运动对提神非常有效。

10. 此举并不适用于那些由于疾病而感到长期疲劳的人群，而针对其他人来讲，是提升生活

质量的简单易行的方法。

11. 这是由于疲劳并不主要由于身体的虚弱或懒惰引起，而与经常性的情绪消沉有关，它会

阻碍我们从事痛苦繁重的体育运动。

12. 这种提神的效果会持续整个下午，相反低迷期则会出现在深夜要睡觉的时候，这就会让

我们睡个好觉。

13. 长期以来人们普遍意识到任何一点锻炼都有助于促进新陈代谢，振奋精神。 14. 像绕着屋子走两圈这么简单的事，就足以让你起步。 15. 如果做些园艺或其他家务活的话，完成时会让你有额外的成就感，这会激励你做得更多。 （六）

在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风

筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间。在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了，也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。

答案：In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment. It also symbolizes the culture of the city. Weifang is known as the “capital of kites” with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. It is said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years to make the first kite right in Weifang. It fell and broke, however, on its first day of flying. Some also believe that it was the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite. It’s said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo and it landed after three days’ flying.

四、选词填空

1. Vocabulary Exercises:

Directions: Complete each of the sentences below with the proper word in the box, and change the form where necessary.

physical indicate mental emotion crisis obtain supportive represent competitor expectation compete for clam down ordinary beaten 1. A person with a healthy mind is ____ healthy.

2. The perfect body has always been difficult to ______.

3. A survey of retired people _____ that most are independent and enjoying life.

4. _____ support is a kind of help that a friend can give. Examples are giving advice, spending time with someone, or listening.

5. A person who doesn’t get colds or flu is probably _____healthy.

6. Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the country’s economic ______. 7. The result did not live up to our ______.

8. Readers of the magazine said they wanted more stories about ______ people and fewer stories about the rich and famous.

9. I had to ______against 19 other people ______the job. 10. I sent my husband to ______me at the wedding reception.

11. I can always count on Gail to be __________when things go wrong.

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12. He felt _____at first when he just lost his job.

13. There we 12 ______in the two-hundred-metre dash. 14. Let it be, I thought, still trying to ______myself ______.

Keys: 1. mental 2. obtain 3. indicate 4. emotion 5. physical 6. crisis 7. expectation 8. ordinary 9. Compete...for 10. represent 11. supportive 12. beaten 13.competitors 14. calm...down 2. 选词填空

attend sociability admission likely agonized symptom breakthrough obtain overall approach efficient remarkable launch promote academic steady 1. Chest pains may be ____________ of heart disease.

2. Each ticket ___________ two people to the party, and no one could be allowed to enter without tickets.

3. Judging from the words that he uttered in his ______, he must have been the last survivor. 4. She’s a regular ________ at evening classes, because she is so eager to learn and would never miss any class.

5. In all _________ the meeting will be cancelled. It has been raining heavily for a few days. 6. He has never really been the ________ type. That is to say, he is not fond of the company of other people at all.

7. It is not ________ to hire poorly trained workers. 8. In fact, those people have been _________.

9. She already has good _________ qualifications under her belt. 10. The scientists strive for a ____________ in cancer research.

11. The doctor had given her up but she made a __________ recovery. 12. He failed to ______ a scholarship in this term due to his resit in math.

13. The agenda was ________ after hot discussion by all the participants in the meeting. 14. The company is _________ a new model next month. 15. The ______ tone of the book is satirical.

16. All the ___________ to the palace were guarded by troops.

答案：symptomatic、admits、agony、attender、likelihood、sociable、efficient、countries、academic、breakthrough、remarkable、obtain、adopted、launching、overall、approaches

3. peculation optimistic assist psychology efficient visualize acknowledge dissipate indication represent commercial financial demand distribute spark merchant enthusiastic identify

1. The _________ of energy in the form of heat has to be taken into account.

2. I can’t move this piano without _________. Your help is in great demand.

3. School authorities should lay stress on teachers’ ____________ health, in addition, teachers themselves should also give much heed to maintaining their own physical health.

4. Don’t be much too _________ in what the athletes could achieve in such bad conditions. 5. We are sending you a small sum of money in _______________ of your valuable help. 6. Artists translate their ideas into _____ images.

7. I wouldn’t like to ________ on the reasons for her resignation.

8. The inspectors were impressed by the speed and ________ of the new system. 9. The study ________ a strong connection between poverty and crime.

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10. Such releases don’t _________ actual business growth.

11. He doesn’t know much about the subject, but he’s very ____ about learning more about it. 12. Tokyo and New York are major ________ centres in the world.

13. The supply of vegetables falls short of ________ this year in the south because of the traffic collapse, which is caused by the freezing weather.

14. Humans can easily _______ with the emotional expressions of chimpanzees. 15. We must ___________ our furniture by advertising in newspapers. 16. We must promote __________ with neighbouring countries.

17. Their growing reputation had _______ interest from other moviemakers.

18. Milk is __________ to the local shops by Herald’s Dairies. 答案：dissipation、assistance、psychological、optimistic、acknowledgment、visual、speculate、efficiency、indicates、Represent、enthusiastic、financial、demand、identify、merchandise、 Commerce、sparked、distributed

4. Complete each of the sentences below with the proper word in the box, and change the

form where necessary. relevant benefit apply manifestation tolerate claim effective contain sample affected 1. We ________ opinions among the workers about changes in working methods. 2. The new speed limit on this road becomes ________ from June 1. 3. Whisky ________ a large percentage of alcohol.

4. The company ______ that their product can make you thin without dieting. 5. These comments are not directly ________ to this enquiry. 6. It took three ___________ of paint to cover the graffiti. 7. She __________ little interest in her studies.

8. Cycling is highly ________ to health and the environment.

9. No matter what difficulty he ran into, his dream of becoming a respectable doctor was not

________.

10. The body cannot _______ such large amounts of radiation. Answer: 1. sampled 2. effective 3. Contains 4.claims 5. relevant

6. applications 7. manifested 8. beneficial 9. affected 10. tolerate 5. Choose the right word from the following lists to fill in the blanks. distinctive origin archaeological inscription consume ware photographic insight resemble excavate 1. Deputy Prime Minister, who chaired the meeting, made an _____comment on China’s leadership .

2. Your story shows little ___ to the facts. And we could not totally believe it. 3. He drew a quite artificial _______between men and women readers. 4. The ______ has to get special permission to open up the grave. 5. All theories ________ from practice and in turn serve practice.

6. The most sophisticated and earliest Chinese characters are the ____________on tortoiseshell and animal bones called Jiaguwen.

7. In the Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty , there were also inscriptions on bronze

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_________called Zhongdingwen.

8. Since it was very time-___________to write Xiaozhuan, people of the Qin Dynasty further simplified the characters and created a new style.

9. The official script broke away from the _________characteristics of the ancient Chinese characters.

10. Archaeological researchers discovered many such signs carved on earthenware ___________from Banpo Village.

Keys: distinctive, insight, resemblance, archaeologist, originate, inscriptions, wares, consuming, photographic, 6.

variety numerous contain despitedistinctive archaeological insight resemble excavatevary heritage largelyminority barrier transportation

1. Whisky _______ a large percentage of alcohol, could you guess what the alcohol content is? 2. He was so lucky in the accident and escaped with only ______ injuries. 3. _______ wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters. 4. It had been a tiring day, ______ because of all the tedious waiting. 5. The heights of the plants ____ from 8 cm to 20 cm. 6. We will need a big truck to ________ all the boxes.

7. These ancient buildings are part of the national ________.

8. _________ associations in Hong Kong promote the culture and language of European

countries. Even restaurants treat the tourists to the excellent cuisine available in Europe. 9. There has been widespread public _____ over the introduction of genetically modified food. 10. We’re trying to break down cultural ______ between young people from both communities. 11. Deputy Prime Minister, who chaired the meeting, made an ____ comment on China’s

leadership.

12. Your story shows little ______ to the facts. And we could not totally believe it. 13. He drew a quite artificial ______ between men and women readers. 14. The ____________ has to get special permission to open up the grave.

15. By this time, however the building was destroyed, the _________ was completed. 答案

11. distinctive 1．contains 6．transport

12. resemblance 2．minor 7．heritage

13. insight 3．Despite 8．Numerous

14. archaeologist 4．largely 9．debate

15. excavation 5．vary 10．barrier

7.

moderate fatigue workoutsymptomannoy immediatetoleranceperceived

significant frequencyenergetic depression exhausted primarilyorigin 1. It _______ me that she never closes the door after she leaves. 2. The company uploads the ________ print error messages online.

3. The difference between newspaper writing and novel writing is _________. 4. They wish to begin the summer camp ___________ after final exams.

5. A key task is to get students to ___ for themselves the relationship between success and effort. 6. We need to be _______ of different points of view on this issue.

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7. After a one-hour _______, Sam felt good. 8. She ________ promotes woman’s sports.

9. The doctor said he was suffering from ______ and work-related stress. 10. After a whole day with the kids, her patience was nearly _________. 11. The rent has gone up over the years, but in _________ amounts. 12. The heart responds well to ________ exercise.

13. I’m just beginning to get over the __ from which I have been suffering ever since I lost my job. 14. This endless debate is a _________ of our lack of confidence. 15. All theories ________ from practice and in turn serve practice. 答案 1. annoys 2. frequent 3. significant 4. immediately 5. perceive

五、阅读理解

1. Reading Comprehension:

Directions：Read the following passages carefully, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1:

Are traditional health foods useful today?

With a steady increase in average weight, there is a wider interest in diet. Modern research gives scientific support to the idea that certain foods being particularly healthy is not just the stuff of folk tales. “ An apple a day keeps the doctor away” may seem an unlikely cliche. A slew of studies have found that apples have antioxidant properties, guard against some cancers, and provide fibre as well as many important nutrients.

Garlic is another example. Hippocrates, the “ father of Western medicine”, prescribed it for parasites, poor digestion, and fatigue. It has a similar reputation in many countries as a medicinal food. While not all of the claims made for it are borne out by research, it is known that garlic is a strong antibiotic if applied directly. It is effective for some cancers, and helps to protect the heart during and after surgery.

Ginger has a long history in Asia as a cure for stomach and throat problems, and has been shown to be effective in treating nausea, dizziness, and inflammation of the colon. A study of 74 volunteers as the University of Georgia showed ginger made a reduction of muscle pain caused by exercise. A study at the University of Michigan reported ginger was highly effective in destroying ovarian cancer cells. Yet another study at Columbia University found ginger to be useful in treating asthma symptoms. The root seems to have huge medical potential, and research is ongoing.

Grapes are similarly exciting much scientific interest. Historically they have been thought to help asthma and sore throats. The health benefits of a daily glass of red wine heave often been claimed without many scientific bases, but recently research is finding evidence that grape seed extract is effective for problems involving the skin, and may treat some cancers. Dried grapes, raisins, are also being examined for the apparent ability to remove free radicals, compounds

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6. tolerant 7. workout 8. primarily 9. fatigue 10. exhausted 11. moderate 12. energetic 13. depression 14. symptom 15. originate

causing cell damage, in the blood.

Further research is being conducted on nuts, berries, cold-water fish, tea, cocoa, and coffee with mixed results, but at least one point seems clear. Even when active ingredients in these foods can be isolated and processed by modern science, these products are not cheap and sometimes not well tolerated by the body. Simply including these foods in the daily diet is neither expensive nor harmful in moderation, and they generally taste good too. In today’s world of overfed people feeding on overpriced junk food, a return to traditional foods is an obvious measure that we would all do well to consider.

1. What can we infer from the sentence “ an apple a day keeps the doctor away”?

A. People eat certain foods because of superstition. B. People love eating apples.

C. Apples are usually not prescribed by doctors. D. Science proves the health benefits of some foods.

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the health properties of garlic?

A. It can be used to treat poor digestion.

B. It can be used as a medicinal food in many countries. C. It can provide fibre.

D. It can treat physical exhaustion. 3. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Free radicals are compounds that do harm to our cells. B. Antioxidants might remove free radicals. C. Eating grapes and raisins can prevent cancer.

D. Ginger has the compound that can reduce pain and inflammation. 4. Why are certain foods good for you?

A. Because they are rich in healthy compounds. B. Because they can help prevent cancer.

C. Because they might contain antioxidants that can remove free radicals. D. All of the above.

5. This passage shows that ________.

A. people should eat more ordinary foods.

B. people should not depend on modern medicine. C. people should learn from traditional medicine.

D. the more healthy foods people eat, the healthier people will become.

Keys: 1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.C

Passage 2:

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen closely we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You’re a lucky dog.” That’s being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There’s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you deserve your luck.

“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing

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and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. 1. This passage is mainly about ______. A. how to interpret what people say

B. what to do when you listen to others talking

C. how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people D. why we go wrong with people sometimes

2. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that _____. A. we fail to listen carefully when they talk

B. people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say C. people usually state one thing but mean another D. we tend to doubt what our friends say

3. In the sentence “Maybe he doesn’t see it himself” in paragraph 2, the pronoun “it” refers to ______.

A. being friendly B. a bit of envy C. lucky dog D. your luck

4. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is to______. A. notice the way the person is talking B. take a good look at the person talking

C. mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes

D. examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture 5. The author most probably is a ______.

A. teacher B. psychologist C. philosopher D. Doctor

Keys: 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B Passage 3:

An old couple walked slowly into McDonalds’ one cold winter evening. Some of the customers looked at them and thought, “Look, there is a couple who have been through a lot together, probably for 60 years or more!”

The little old man walked right up to the cash register, placed his order with no hesitation and then paid for their meal. There was one hamburger, one order of French fries and one drink. After sitting at a table near the back wall, the little old man carefully cut the hamburger in half. He placed one half in front of his wife. Then he carefully counted out the French fries, divided them in two piles and placed one pile in front of his wife.

As the man began to eat his few bites of hamburger, one young man came over to the old couple’s table. He politely offered to buy another meal for the old couple to eat. The old man replied that they were used to sharing everything.

Then the crowd noticed that the little old lady hadn’t eaten a bite. She just sat there watching her husband eat and sometimes taking turns drinking a little bit.

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Again the young man came over and begged them to let him buy them something to eat. This time the little old lady explained that they were used to sharing everything together.

As the little old man finished eating, the young man could stand it no longer. Again he came over to their table and offered to buy some food.

After being politely refused again, he finally asked a question to the little old lady,

“Ma`am, why aren’t you eating? You said that you share everything. What is it that you are waiting for?”

She answered, “The teeth. I can’t eat without the false teeth that my husband was using .” 1. How many times did the young man offer to buy some food for the old couple? A. Once. B. Twice C. Three times D. Four times 2. What was the old lady doing when her husband was eating?

A. She was waiting for her food. B. She was cutting the hamburger. C. She was drinking a little bit. D. She was dividing the French fries in two piles. 3. The old couple refused the young man’s offer because_____ .

A. they were too poor to pay the money B. they couldn’t eat up more food C. they didn’t want to be helped by others D. they were used to sharing everything. 4. The old lady wasn’t eating with her husband because ____. A. she wanted her husband to eat more

B. she was waiting for the false teeth from her husband

C. she didn’t like the food D. she enjoyed watching her husband eat 5. What do you think of the end of the story?

A. Very surprising. B. Very happy. C. Very sad. D. Very exciting.

Keys: 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A

Passage 4:

Much as Americans admire George Washington, the greatest of all American heroes is certainly Abraham Lincoln. Why? Basic to the American philosophy is the idea that an individual with ability. Perseverance (韧劲), and human goodness can achieve success no matter how simple and poor his beginnings. Lincoln is a perfect example of the self-made man.

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a small house in Kentucky. His parents were uneducated and poor. Although Lincoln eventually became a lawyer, he had very little formal schooling. But he did possess a clever mind and great understanding of right and wrong. He had the courage to do what he felt was right, no matter what the cost. In 1860, shortly before the Civil War began, he said , “Let us have faith that right makes might: and in that faith let us fight to the end. Dare to do our duty as we understand it.”

In 1858, Lincoln had said. “ A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently长久地half slave and half free.” In keeping with his belief Lincoln created the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, declaring all slaves in the Southern states to be free. After the Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment 修改to the Constitution was adopted. This amendment freed all slaves throughout the nation.

Because he was a masterful writer who could express his beliefs clearly and with great emotional force. Lincoln was able to make Northerners understand why they were fighting a difficult civil war.

In 1863, in dedicating land to be set aside for the burial of the dead in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, he finished his shortest and most famous address with the following wish: “ ...that this nation,

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under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

1. One of the special reasons that the American people regard Lincoln as a hero is that Lincoln was a ____man.

A. Self-made B. Successful C. Capable D. Able 2. Which one of the following statement is true?

A. Lincoln was well educated.B. Lincoln’s parents were very poor but they received much schooling.

C. Lincoln was of humble beginnings.

D. Lincoln always thought he was right and held true to his beliefs.

3. What does the word “ endure” mean in the third paragraph? It means______. A. Last B. Put up with C. Obey D. Suffer

4. According to the passage, Lincoln won the Northern people in the Civil War because______. A. He has the courage to do what was right B. He could control people’s feelings C. He could appeal to people’s feelings D. He talked very much 5. What does the word “ address” in the last paragraph mean? A. Place B. Lecture C. Speech D. Dedication

Keys: 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C Passage 5:

Look around you in any public place- how any people are using their cellphones? You’ll find a lot. This phenomenon is relatively recent, and plenty of people complain, in newspapers, magazines and blogs, that many phone users do not show common courtesy do others. Here, in a nutshell, are their suggestions.

Don’t talk loudly on the phone in confined spaces, like trains, buses, shops, and restaurants. People do not want to hear your private conversations, and it makes matters worse if they cannot even leave. In more open areas, stay at least 3 metres away fro others if you really must talk.

Don’t try to use your phone if you are doing other things. Psychologists have repeatedly shown the human brain is not designed to handle more than one task at a time effectively, no matter how people boast about their multi-tasking capabilities. Silly or even dangerous mistakes can be made when you are distracted by your phone. People walk into lampposts or each other. An Australian woman walked off the end of a pier while texting, and had to be plucked from the sea by the police. Many countries are legislating, or have already done so, to prevent drivers from using their phones, because of the rising number of fatal accidents. In the U.S., about 23% of traffic accidents involve the use of cellphones.

Avoid texting while engaging in face-to-face interactions. Doing so is disrespectful, giving the impression that the other person is not important to you. Silence your phone in any social or professional occasion where you should pay attention to others. If you are expecting an important call, let people know beforehand, mute the ring tone or set it to “ vibrational mode”, and answer the call elsewhere when it does come. In formal situations, like weddings, funerals, and religious services, turn off your phone altogether.

As for the content, remember that cellphones are also recording devices, and that messages live forever in cyber-space. Bad words, embarrassing photos, or ill-advised statements have caused serious social and relationship difficulties, legal problems, and the loss of jobs. It pays to think twice before you send messages.

Of course, not everyone is concerned with cellphone etiquette, but the ones who are can break a business deal, a friendship, or you nose if they are angry enough. Think about how to use

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your phone. Good manners, as they say, costs nothing. 1. What does Paragraph 1 imply?

A. Cellphone etiquette is old-fashioned.

B. Many people allow their children to use cellphones. C. Cellphones may block the way of good communication. D. Many people neglect cellphone manners. 2. What do psychologist mean?

A. Cellphone users had better not walk in the street while texting.

B. The human brain should have been more effective in handling multiple tasks.

C. Cellphones had better not be used if you are taking another task. D. People are likely to take too much pride in their intelligence. 3. In Paragraph 6, “ etiquette” means_______.

A. the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in public. B. the informal rules of correct or polite behaviour in public. C. Interactions D. functions

4. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. Calling a friend when he or she is at dinner is not polite.

B. Parents should be allowed to check messages on their kids’ cellphones. C. Phones can make the users lose their concentration.

D. It is possible to read messages of someone on Facebook page. 5. In the last paragraph, the author suggests that_____.

A. restrictions on cellphone use will probably have unwanted outcomes B. restrictions on cellphone use will turn the users to be gloomy C. bad manners cannot break a business deal D. it is not difficult to follow good manners

Keys: 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D

Passage 6:

Lindsey Vonn talks about her friendship with aria Riesch in simple terms.

The two have led “ pretty much the same life” for most of the past decade, Vonn said. They have similar interests, whether it is playing tennis in the summer, spending time with family, shopping or lying on a beach in Mexico.

Listening to Vonn talk about Riesch is like listening to anyone talk about her best friend. But their seemingly ordinary friendship ends there.

Vonn and Riesch, both 25, are the two best women alpine skiers in the world. Both will also compete for the same medals for different countries, in February at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Both hate to lose, but readily admit that if one cannot be the winner, they would rather it be the other.

“If I didn’t have a good run, and I can’t win on that day, I hope that she can,” said Vonn. “ That’s our way of thinking. We’ re for ourselves, but we support each other 100 percent.”

“ Our relationship is always supportive,” said Riesch. “ Sometimes it’s hard to get beaten, like Lindsey beating me last year all the time in downhill. But it has nothing to do with the friendship. I accept and respect her performance and work to do as good as she does. And probably she thinks the same way as well.”

The two first met nearly nine years ago while competing at the Junior World Championships in Quebec. After becoming friends, they really bonded.

“ People always ask what our interests are,” Vonn said. “ The truth is , we don’t really have

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time for anything else other than skiing. That’s what we can relate to each other best about. It’s just our life.”

Each skier represents the Olympic hopes of her country. Vonn knows that Americans want to see a winner, which is why they expect her to deliver on expectations- unrealistic as they may be- in February. Riesch will face the same situation with her compatriots and the German news media.

“ For us, even though we’ re each other’s greatest competitors on the course, we can benefit from each other so much,” Vonn said. “ We can share those experiences. We calm each other down. We’ re like, don’t worry about it, just ski your best.”

1. Which one of the following hobbies do Vonn and Riesch not share?

A. Playing tennis in the summer. B. Lying on a beach in California. C. Spending time with family. D. Shopping.

2. How did Riesch feel when she was beaten by Vonn in downhill?

A. Glad for Vonn. B. Indifferent.C. Angry.D. She accepted and respected her performance. 3. Which of the following words accurately describes the friendship between Vonn and Riesch? A. Supportive. B. Competitive. C. Harmonious. D. Close. 4. Which of the following words is the nearest in meaning to “ competitor”? A. Fan. B. Supporter. C. Partner. D. Rival. 5. What is the main idea of this article?

A. Vonn and Riesch are the two best women’s alpine skiers in the world. B. Vonn and Riesch are best friends.

C. Even though Vonn and Riesch are rivals, they are good friends as well. D. Vonn and Riesch are not just two ordinary girls.

Keys: 1.B. 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.C

Passage 7:

It’s odd that parents are so worried about their teenagers smoking, especially since smoking isn’t a teenager’s biggest problem. Then what is? Shockingly, a teenager’s biggest problem is his own mother and father! Today’s teenagers know they should not smoke, but they don’t know when not to listen to their parents. They don’t know they should say no to their parents when their parents are being too generous. Therefore, as they receive more and more from their parents, the teenagers become greedy and selfish. Gradually, they have become spoiled. Studies show that spoiled teenagers are much more likely to take drugs and do poorly in school. They may also develop poor manners and get pregnant at an earlier age. However, this is not what parents want to hear. They think they are being kind to their teenagers, and they have a tendency to ignore the damage they are really doing. 1. According to the speaker, what sees strange? A.Parents worry too much about their teenagers. B. Parents raise teenagers with very bad manners. C. Parents don’t listen to their teenagers.

D. Parents are so concerned about their teenagers smoking. 2. What does the speaker think causes a teenager’s problems?

A. Smoking heavily since childhood. B. Getting pregnant at an earlier age. C. Parents being too generous.D. Not really understanding their parents. 3. What does the speaker suggest that parents should NOT do? A. Worry about smoking. B. Spoil their teenagers.

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C. Be selfish with teenagers. D. Take drugs.

4. What might teenagers do as a result of being spoiled?

A.Use drugs. B. Become poor. C. Leave school. D. Be poor in health. 5.What are parents likely to ignore?

A.The concerns they have about their youngsters. B.The tears their youngsters are shedding. C.The harm they are doing to their youngsters. D.The harm their youngsters are doing to them. Keys: 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C

Passage 8:

Are you afraid to die? We asked over 57,000 adults this question and others in a poll. Before we conducted the poll, we had an idea of what sort of answers we would receive. We expect around 90 percent of the people to admit a great fear of death, and most of them, up to 70 percent, to say they were afraid of what comes after death. But it wasn’t the case, not at all.

A surprising 80 percent of people responding to the poll said they didn’t fear death at all. Twelve percent said they feared death only a little, and only eight percent reported great fear associated with death,

However, people are not without worries. The people we polled answered the other questions, saying, though they didn’t fear death, they feared the problems leading up to death. The biggest of these problems had to do with close family members. Adults with children overwhelmingly said they worried about children who would have to watch them die. The process of watching someone die is incredibly difficult, and parents didn’t want their children to see them go through it. Interestingly enough, however, most of the people who said this also said they wanted to care for their own parents as their parents became elderly. 1.What is the speaker talking about?

A. A poll investigating the fear of death. B. How people try to live longer lives.

C. How difficult it is to care for the elderly.D. The questions people have about death. 2. What did researchers expect?

A.Few people in this world to fear death.

B. Most people to fear problems leading toward death. C. A large majority to fear death more than anything. D. Almost everyone to fear what will happen after death. 3. What percentage of people fear death only a little? A. 8%. B. 12% C. 80% D. 90%

4. What is the biggest concern about death?

A. Watching their children die. B. Caring for others as they die.

C. Having their children watch them die. D. Fearing what comes after death. 5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Most adults don’t want to watch their parents approach death.

B. Most adults can’t care for their parents as their parents approach death, C. Most adults want to be with their parents as they grow old.

D. Most adults think it will be difficult to watch their parents approach death. Keys: 1.A 2.C 3. B 4.C 5.C Passage 9:

Last week I visited one of y old neighborhoods in Washington D.C. I had not been there for twenty years and as I walked along the street, my mind was flooded by memories of the past. I saw the old apartment building where I had lived and the playground where I had played. As I

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viewed these once familiar surroundings, images of myself as a child there came to mind. However, what I saw and what I remembered were not the same. I sadly realized that the best memories are those left untouched

My old apartment building, as I remember, was bright and alive. It was more than just a place to live. It was a movie house, a space station, or whatever my young mind could imagine. I would steal away with my friends and play in the basement. This was always exciting because it was so cool and dark, and there were so many things there to hide among. There was a small river in the back of the building. We would go there to lie in the shade of trees and enjoy ourselves.

However, what I saw was completely different. The river was hardly recognizable（可认出地）.The water was polluted（污染）and the tress and flowers were all dead. The once sweet smelling river now smelled terrible. It was really heartbreaking to see all this.

I do not regret having seen my old neighborhood. However, I do not think my innocent childhood memories can ever be the same. I suppose it is true when they say, “ You can never go home again.”

1. In the first two paragraphs of the passage the writer tries to tell us that ______. A. he had lived in Washington D.C. for twenty years. B. he was very imaginative when he was a child.

C. he had had fond memories of his old neighborhood. D. he had come from a very poor neighborhood.

2. The writer, as a child, was very fond of playing in the basement because______. A.it was bright and aliveB. it contained a movie house and a space station.

C. it was ideal for playing hide-and-seek.D. it was surrounded by trees and flowers. 3. How did the writer feel when he visited his old neighborhood in Washington D.C.? A.Greatly surprise B. Very regretfulC. Quite excitedD. Very sad

4. On his visit to his hometown, the writer found the old apartment building_____. A.seemed unfit to live inB. had been repaired

C. could hardly be recognizedD. looked dirty and smelt horrible

5. “ You can never go home again” in the last sentence of this passage means that ______. A. one should never revisit his hometown after many years of absence

B. one will never find his hometown the same as it was in his childhood memory. C. a visit to one’s hometown will bring back one’s fond memories of home D. a visit to one’s hometown will bring back many sad memories Keys: 1. C 2. C 3.D 4. A 5. B Passage 10:

A new school year has begun in America. But some children do not go to school. Instead, they learn at home,usually with their parents as teachers. Educational companies, libraries, school systems and the Internet provide families with teaching materials.

Homeschooling is as old as the country. In farm areas, people often lived far from a school. Then, in 1852, the state of Massachusetts passed the first law requiring children to attend school. The public education system grew. By the 1860s and 1870s, however, some Americans believed that traditional education was not helping their children. So, a number of parents began homeschooling. Some parents began to teach their children at home when some religious schools closed. Since then, more people have joined the movement- rich and poor, and people from many races, religious and political beliefs. There is even a National Home School Honor Society. Membership is based in part on the same tests that students take in schools.

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A homeschooling movement is sweeping the nation- with 1.5 million children now learning at home, an increase of 75 percent since 1999. The Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics reported homeschooling had risen by 36 percent in just the last five years.

A 2007 survey asked parents why they choose to homeschool and allowed them to provide several reasons. Above all other responses, parents cited providing religious and moral instruction as the most important factor in the decision to teach their children at home (36 percent). The second most important issue had to do with parents’ concerns about the suitability of the environment at school (21 percent), while the third reason was dissatisfaction with academic instruction at other schools (17 percent).

Researches have shown the positive effects of homeschooling through the years. While some critics say teaching children at home may stunt their social growth, Dr. Brian D. Ray, president of National Home Education Research Institute, reveals homeschooled students fare well or better than public and private school students in terms of social, emotional and psychological development. Additionally, homeschoolers earn higher marks than other students who attend public schools.

Most recently, many kinds of people have joined the movement. Studies also show that income and education level of homeschooling parents are generally irrelevant with regard to the quality of education in a home setting. They represent many races, religious and political beliefs. On average, homeschoolers in low-income families with less formal education still score higher than the state school average.

1. When did parents begin homeschooling?

A. By the 1860s and 1870s. B. In 1852. C. Before 1852. D. After 1852. 2. Homeschooling has risen by _____percent in just the last five years. A. 75 B. 36 C. 21 D. 17

3. What is the most important reason why parents choose to homeschool? A. Providing religious and moral instruction.

B. Dissatisfaction with academic instructions at other schools. C. Concern about the suitability of the school environment. D. Distance to school.

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is about the weakness of hoeschooling?

A. Teaching children at home may stunt their social growth. B. There are no adequate of academic quality in homeschooling.

C. There is potential for development of religious or social extremism. D. Homeschooling will probably result in biased students. 5. What is Dr. Brian D. Ray’s opinion about homeschooling? A. He has doubts the effectivity of homeschooling?

B. He reveals that homeschooled students fare well or better than their peers in terms of social, emotional and physical development.

C. He claims that teaching children at home may stunt their social growth.

D. He discovers that homeschoolers earn higher marks than their peers who attend public schools.

Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B Passage11

The United States has an education system decentralized by state. There are no national schools. K-12( K is for kindergarten, 12 is for twelfth grade) students in most areas have a choice

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between free tax-funded public schools, or privately-funded private schools. Public schools are funded from tax revenue and most commonly administered to some degree by the government or local government agencies. This usage is synonymous with its British English equivalent, state school. Private schools, also known as independent schools, are not administered by local, state, or national governments; thus they retain the right to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition, rather than relying on public ( state) funds.

Public school system are supported by a combination of local, state, and federal government funding. Because a large portion of school revenues come from local property taxes, public schools vary widely in the resources they have available per student. Class size also varies significantly from one district to another. Curriculum decisions in public schools are made largely at the local and state levels; the federal government has limited influence. In most districts, a locally elected school board runs schools. The school board appoints an official called the superintendent of schools to manage the schools in the district. The largest public school system in the United States is in New York City, where most than one million students are taught in 1,200 separate public schools. Because of its immense size- there are more students in the system than residents in eight U.S. States- the New York City public school system is nationally influential in determining standards and materials, such as textbooks. Admission to individual public schools is usually based on residency. To compensate for differences in school quality based on geography, school systems serving large cities often have “ magnet schools” that provide enrollment to a specified number of non-resident students in addition to serving all resident students. This special enrollment is usually decided by lottery with equal numbers of males and females chosen. Some magnet schools cater to gifted students or to students with special interests, such as the sciences or performing arts. Admission to some of theses schools is highly competitive and based on an application process.

Private schools in the United States include parochial schools( affiliate with religious denominations), non-profit independent schools, and for-profit private schools. Private schools charge varying rates depending on geographic location, the school’s expenses, and the availability of funding from sources, other than tuition. For example, some churches partially subsidize private schools for their members. Some people have argued that when their child attends a private school, they should be able to take the funds that the public school no longer needs and apply that money towards private school tuition in the form of vouchers; this is the basis of the school choice movement.

Private schools have various missions: most of them take sports very seriously and recruit athletes heavily, some cater to college-bound students seeking a competitive edge in the college admissions process; others are for gifted students, students with learning disabilities or other special needs, or students with specific religious affiliations. Some cater to families seeking a small school, with a nurturing , supportive environment. Unlike public school systems, private schools is highly selective. Private schools also have the abilities to permanently expel persistently unruly students, a disciplinary option not always legally available to public school systems. Private schools offer the advantages of smaller classes, under twenty students in a typical elementary classroom, for example; a higher teacher/ petitive schools, expert college placement services. Unless specifically designed to do so, private schools usually cannot offer the services required by students with serious or multiple learning, emotional, or behavioral issues. Although reputed to pay lower salaries than public school systems, private schools often attract teachers by offering high-quality professional development opportunities, including tuition grants for advanced degrees. According to elite private schools themselves, this investment in faculty

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development helps maintain the high quality program that they offer. Some examples of successful private schools are Deerfield Academy, Philips Academy Andover and St.Paul’s School.

On August 17, 2000 article by the Chicago Sun-Times refers to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago Office of Catholic Schools as the largest private school system in the United States.

1. The varying rates charged by private schools are based on____.

A. geographic location B. the school’s expenses C. the availability of funding from sources D. all of the above 2. Which of the following groups can not study in private schools? A. Athletes. B. Gifted students.

C. Unruly students D. Students with learning disabilities or other special needs 3. Which of the following is NOT an advantage or private schools? A. Less academic pressure. B. Greater individualized attention C. Smaller classes. D. A higher teacher/student ratio.

4. The investment in faculty development in private schools is shown in______. A. paying higher salaries than public schools

B. offering high-quality professional development opportunities C. improving their working conditions D. offering them better living conditions

5. In how many states the students in the New York City public school system outnumber the residents?

A. in 18 states B. in 8 states C. In 10 states D. In 12 states Keys: 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B

Passage 16

What New Language should I Learn?

My students often ask me for advice on what language they should learn next. They speak English well, but many of them, not satisfied with how hard it is to learn one foreign language, are eager to learn another.

In one sense I am a bad person to ask. I hate learning languages because I find the memorization needed to learn a language very difficult. On the other hand, I do know something about languages because I have lived and worked in many countries in Europe, North and South America, Africa and Asia, and I am fluent in Spanish and French and proficient1 in several other languages. But before you are too impressed with my language abilities, let me add that my mother is French, my father American, I was born in Spain, and I grew up primarily in Spain, Pakistan, Peru, Morocco and France. As a result I learned these languages when I was very young, when learning languages is as easy as learning to play.

So given my international experience, what would I recommend as a third language to a Chinese student eager to expand his knowledge of languages? Of course the answer depends on many things, including most obviously why he would want to learn another language. Still, I think there are some very general things I can say that might help make the answer easier.

Most people who are very experienced in the worlds of international culture, politics and business agree that English is by far the most important language in the world -- in culture, politics, academia2 and business. After English, the most important languages of the future are likely to be Spanish, Chinese and Arabic. This is because all these languages are widely used in a

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variety of important countries whose economies or populations are expected to grow quickly. This suggests that for a Chinese who already speaks English, Spanish and Arabic may be very useful languages to learn.

In addition, there are two other languages that are likely to be very important for Chinese and those are the languages of its two large neighbors, Japan and Russia. It is hard to imagine a future in which the ability to speak either of those languages will not be very useful for an educated Chinese, and the strong cultural links between these countries will bring pleasure to those Chinese who want to enjoy film, books and theater from either of these two countries. India is also a very important neighbor of China, and it would certainly be helpful to learn the languages and culture of that fascinating country, but I don’t include Hindi3 as an important language partly because it is simply one of many languages used in India and not universally spoken, and partly because nearly all educated and traveled Indians speak excellent English.

If you are interested in learning another European language, the question becomes a little complicated. The most important European language after English is Spanish. Since Spanish-speaking countries outside Europe, especially in Latin America, are culturally more dynamic than Europe and of growing importance to China as a business partner, this is a strong reason for learning Spanish. As an aside, the largest country in Latin America, Brazil, speaks Portuguese, a language close enough to Spanish that speakers of one can usually understand the other without too much difficulty, and that makes either language fairly useful.

French is also a popular language to learn, and if you wish to learn it because you love France’s soft music, romantic movies or feminine4 fashions, you should certainly do so. But countries that used to be great cultural and political centers have a certain momentum5 in the use of their language, and many people learn it because of its past importance. That means that even though fewer people study it, there are probably more French speakers in China than are justified by the country’s current cultural or economic achievements. That may not matter, but if you want to learn a language to participate more fully in today’s world, you are probably better off learning another language.

The same is probably true, although to a smaller extent, of Italian. Like France, Italy is a country with a great cultural history that, in certain areas of culture such as food and fashion, continues to be very important. Outside of that however, its importance has diminished. Even in Europe not many people study either language. For example fewer than 10% of German students choose to study French or Italian as their second language and most of those who do are girls, suggesting that the two countries’ reputation for romance and fashion are their biggest selling point.

A more useful language to learn than either might be German, although as many people have pointed out, a lot of Germans speak English fluently. I don’t know many Chinese students who are learning German, but it is a very important economy and as the country learns to deal with its historical legacy it is likely to take on an even greater weight in international politics.

what about learning languages of smaller countries? Chinese students who are studying Vietnamese, Norwegian and Dutch have told me that the advantage of studying these languages is that they are almost certain to get jobs related to those countries because so few Chinese speak the languages. The disadvantage is that their careers are limited, and there are not too many interesting opportunities for them. I suspect that this is probably true of many of the less-widely-used languages, and although these languages and cultures are often exciting and

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vibrant, there may be few opportunities to enjoy them.

In the end it must be interest that drives your desire to learn, but your level of interest will also depend on what opportunities there are for you and why you want to learn a language. Think about what you want to do in life and about the movies, books and theater that form part of the language. Then choose the language that will give you a fuller life. As for me, I love China so much that I have to force myself to learn this difficult new language. Choose only one correct answer from the four options given.

1. You should certainly study French if you love France’s soft music, ___ or feminine fashions. A. Language B. culture C. romantic movies D. business

2. In which of the following two countries, reputation for rmance and fashion are their biggest

selling point? A. Japan and Russia B. France and Italy C. Germany and France D. India and Spain

3. What is the disadvantage of studying languages of smaller countries? A. It is hard to find job. B. Few Chinese speak the languages. C. Many people dislike the languages. D. The careers are limited.

4. According to the passage, ________ drives your desire to learn a language. A. interest B. money C. pressure D. future job

5. Which are likely to be the most important languages of the future second to English? A. Spanish B. Chinese C. Arabic D. all of the above Answers: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D Passage 17

Studying Abroad and Culture Shock

If it is your first time abroad, you may find that settling in is not an automatic process but that it requires a bit of effort. You may be surprised by this, and at some stage you will probably use the term “culture shock” to explain your reactions. But what exactly is culture shock? What does it feel like? Can you prevent it? Probably not, but you can minimize its effect. Read on and find out how. You may settle in more easily if you know in advance how you are likely to feel after your arrival.

The Symptoms

Just as everyone’s experience of culture shock is unique, the symptoms associated with it vary, too. They can range from the physical---headaches, lethargy, sleep problems, loss of appetite and digestive irregularities, to the psychological --- irritability and anger over minor frustrations, confusion about morals and values. Suffering from culture shock often leaves people feeling moody, isolated and insecure.

But what about all those many people who immediately feel at home in Britain? Who embrace everything wholeheartedly and enthusiastically? Who experience no problems in settling in?

Research has shown that the more well-travelled and practiced at absorbing, accepting and adapting you are, the more easily you overcome culture shock. If you are confident of speaking the language and possess a thorough knowledge of your new home, you can feel settled after a relatively short period.

If you have adjusted well to your new environment, you perform competently the roles that each social context requires and thus avoid the frustrations resulting from inappropriate

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behavior.

Preparing for Culture Shock

What strategies can you use to minimize, and cope with, culture shock? Research has shown that our expectations affect how we react to a new country. Therefore, thorough pre-departure preparations are necessary.

Read the very useful booklet How to live in Britain (from the British Council).

Perhaps you know someone who has lived in the UK, or ---better still---studied at the university or college you are going to. Talk to them but beware, they may indulge in some nostalgia when looking back on their student days. Ask them what problems and disappointments they have experienced. To contact former students, find out whether the institution you are going to supports an alumni group in your country. Read all the pre-departure literature sent to you by your university or college. Write to the international Welfare Officer for information if you are unsure about anything.

Before leaving home, try and find out some social survival skills: how to address people in different social groups; how gender roles affect social relationships; what constitutes acceptable behavior in a range of everyday situations; how gestures and body language differ from your country’s.

Do not rely on TV or cinema films to provide you cultural pointers. British soap operas and films only give you a stereotypical and often idolized view.

How to Overcome Culture Shock

After arriving at your new university or college, the following suggestions may assist you in reducing the strain of culture shock:

Be aware of the signs, including the physical symptoms.

Soon after arriving, explore your immediate environment. Having taken advice on personal safety, walk around and get to know your neighborhood. Create a mental map of your surroundings.

Be courageous and introduce yourself to your neighbors. If you live in university accommodation, these are likely to be other students who feel just the way you do.

Locate useful places such as the post office, the doctor’s surgery and the university welfare office so that you know where they are when you need them.

Read a local newspaper and find out what the topical issues are. If you are well informed, you can hold conversations with British people without always feeling the outsider.

If you are unsure of your English, boost your confidence by remembering that most British people do not speak a foreign language. Make an effort in improving your language skills by watching TV and listening to the radio. Your institution may rin free courses for international students.

Take a break from studying and take part in social activities. Enquire about things like etiquette and dress code if you are at all unsure.

Ask questions about social customs from people with whom you feel comfortable. You will always find someone who will assist you in finding out about life in Britain. This can be a two-way exchange, with you telling people about life in your home country.

Keep in touch with your own culture. The university’s international Welfare Officer should know, for instance, where the nearest temples and mosques are and where you can buy the cookery ingredients that you are used to from home.

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Avoid mixing only with compatriots or other international students. Contact with British people allows you to adapt more quickly. By asking questions you have a point of contact when trying to make friends.

A good way of meeting British people is to take in hosting scheme where British families invite international students into their homes for a meal, or a weekend stay. Ask the international Welfare Officer about this.

Ask yourself which situations irritate or confuse you the most. Are sure that you have always understood people’s reactions to you, or could it be that you are misinterpreting their behavior?

Avoid comparing them and us, good and bad. Establishing why people behave the way they do and placing their behavior in a social or economic context is more helpful.

Help to reduce stress on your body b keeping fit physically.

If you are feeling very low, talk to someone about it. This could be your fellow students, your landlord, or university staff such as the international Welfare Officer or Student Counsellor.

Write down things you like and do not like. Can you change them? If not, perhaps you can find a way of living with them.

And finally, remember that other students probably of through the same experiences as you do. Even British students have to adjust to living away from home.

Adapting to a different climate, different social conventions and different cultural values can be a complex and sometimes painful process, but coming out at the other end is rewarding. 1. You can become more confident of your English by ________.

A. remembering that most British people do not speak a foreign language B. taking a break from studying C. taking part in social activities

D. asking questions about social customs

2. If you want to adapt more quickly, you should _____.

A. mix only with compatriots B. mix only with international students C. make more friends D. contact native people

3. If you want to be invited for a meal by British families, you may ask ___ about this.

A. your classmates B. International Welfare Officer C. your compatriots D. any international student 4. ______ can help reduce stress on your body.

A. Keeping well informed B. Keeping relaxed

C. Keeping healthy physically D. Keeping in touch with your own culture

5. ______ and find out what the topical issues are. If you are well informed you can hold conversations with British people without always feeling the outside. A. Read a local newspaper B. Watch TV or cinema films C. Chat with British people D. Read some books. Answers: 1. A 2. D. 3. B 4. C 5. A Passage 18

Ways to Get About in Britain

Because Britain is a tiny island, we do not spend our money on big fast cars like you American chaps. You could get into your Lincoln or Ford at one side in London, and emerge from the other in Scotland! Most people here walk from one place to another, take the bus or train, or

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ride a “bicycle”(the traditional means of transport). These are very cheap ways of getting about. You Americans, on the other hand, with your Cadillacs, Amtraks and domestic flights, may find the prospect of using Britain’s old-fashioned transport system a little discouraging. Do not despair as help is at hand. Cars

Most of our cars are very small, and have a maximum engine capacity of 500cc. In the cities, young men like to go “joyriding” in their (or someone else’s) cars. Joyriding is a popular pursuit in some of the poorer areas of urban Britain, and provides a quick and inexpensive way of seeing the local attractions. Ask any young chap to take you joyriding---it’s and experience you’ll never forget ! Bikes

Many Americans visiting Britain for the first time are amazed to see the local people travelling on the backs of these contraptions. They are provided free by the National Health Service (NHS) as a means of “keep fit”, and are state-owned.

As a tourist, you have a right by law to ride any unoccupied bicycle, or even to take one of those running the busy streets of London town with the traditional cry of “Gerrorf”,which roughly translates as “I, a citizen of the United States, clain this bike as permitted by the law of King Charles III”. Be sure to pick a good bicycle, and you will enjoy hours of pleasure and sight-seeing, helped on your way by the good people of Britain, who encourage you with hearty cries of “Stapfeefe”. Trains

All railways are owned by the estate of Lord Richard Branson. They are slow, but will take you to your destination faster than by any other means, hurtling through the streets of London and the hills and vales of the country at a speed approaching 65 miles per hour.

Railway food is a great delicacy, and no train journey is complete without a delicious cup of tea, brewed by the “conductors” in their uniforms. In the corridors and compartments of each train are bell-pulls, which will summon a waiter to your seat. Use them.

Every station in the country of Britain has a crowd fo Boy Scouts at the end of each platform. In their bright raincoats and glasses and holding notepads and pens, they are there to answer your railway queries under the affectionate gaze of the Scoutmasters, those middle-aged chaps in the back. Ask any Boy Bcout to accompany you on your travels! Buses

Buses are always red, and are frequent and comfortable. Stand at a bus-stop, and raise your arm to stop one. Be sure to tell the driver where you are going, and don’t be put off if he tells you that he isn’t going there. Bus drivers enjoy pretending that they aren’t allowed to vary their routes, in the hope of catching out of foreign tourists. Don’t let them---be persuasive!

Most bus drivers are specially recruited from India. These dusky chaps are very diligent, and are proud of their traditional calling. Help them feel at home by using their name as much as possible in conversations. Taxies

All taxies are black, to distinguish them from buses. Taxi drivers (or cabbies) are recruited from British universities and colleges, and normally have degrees in Politics, Theology or Social Sciences. Taxi driving is a lonely job, and cabbies will enjoy answering any of your questions on issues such as immigration, Trades Unions and taxation.

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A rather tricky aspect of travelling by taxi is the fare. Cabbies just love to bargain, so aim to barter the driver down to around a quarter of the given price. Don’t be put off by their apparent reluctance to come down, as they are expert hagglers and enjoy showing off their stubbornness. The Tube

Also known as The London Underground, the Tube is in fact a fairground ride, consisting of “cars” running through “tube” right under the streets and markets of Old London Town.

As it is a very popular atraction, those of you who dislike crowds should take the Tube at off-peak times, that is, 8 to 9 in the morning and 5 to 6 in the evening.

Every Tube car has maps on the wall. Check that the curves in the track correspond to the map; this is the only way to be sure that you’ve boarded the right car. Air Travel

Airplanes are only intended for trips abroad. All British people are scared of flying, so the only people who use air travel are tourists. During the Second World War, some British people did get used to being in the air, and flew Spitfire and Hurricane aircrafts to kill Nazis. These chaps are now sadly all too old to fly, and instead, they spend their time recounting “dog-flights” for the benefit of tourists. If you meet one, remind him that it was good old America that really won the war!

There are only three landing-strips in Britain: Heathrow, Gatwick and Standford. Horse-Back Riding

This is a little-known, traditional and fun way to travel. Horses are provided at football matches for travel anywhere in Britain for free. Simply turn up before 3 p.m. or after 4:30 p.m. on a Saturday, find a horse that isn’t taken, and jump up behind the traditional British policeman. He will be delighted to take your to your destination, but be sure to hang on tight. 1. A tourist in Britain has a legal right to ________________.

A. ride any bicycle B. ride any occupied bicycle C. ride any unoccupied bicycle D. ride some bicycle 2. All taxies are black to ________________.

A. make them easier to clean B. Save costs

C. make them distinguish from buses D. Atract more customers

3. According to the passage, if the taxi driver asks for $40 to take you to a certain place, the minimum he will accept is _________________. A. $5 B. $10 C. $20 D. $40

4. If you don’t like crowds, you should take the Tube _________, as suggested in the passage. A. at off-peak times B. on a Sunday C. during office hours D. at night

5. It is mentioned in the passage that all Britain people are afraid of __________. A. horse-back riding B. the crowded Tube C. taxies D. air travel 答案1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C Passage19

Eating out In America

About the Knife and Fork

If you are to eat out in the U.S., there is something you need to bear in mind---and that is the use of cutlery. It is funny that Americans eat almost everything with a fork, and it appears

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that holding a knife in one’s right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.

The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to their mouth. This is clearly ludicrous, but it is considered good manners.

There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife, Americans don’t use one, because obviously this greatly complicates things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes, fish and even bacon with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one implement is being used, food has to be chased around the plate with the fork---and for the last mouthful, the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place (although one is not supposed to do this). Third, tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the salad. There is no need to foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork, but if you do use your knife, remember to save it for the meat course. Even desserts (except ice cream) are eaten with a fork if possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee (but if you use it for your dessert, no one will say anything). When to eat

Many restaurants, especially the more expensive ones, open at about 11:30 a.m., as midday, rather than 1 p.m., is the most normal time for lunch in the USA. And some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout in the afternoon. In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m.. Choosing a Restaurant

Some restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty-four hours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves “family restaurants”. Many of these serve no alcol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, and sandwiches, and all are at very reasonable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaper children’s portions.

Note that many American restaurant are specially restaurants. They may serve only, or mainly, steaks, seafood, etc. Reserving a Table

Eating out is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessay to make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables fat restaurants. It’s more pleasant to wait in the bar, of course, if there is one. Arriving at Restaurant

When you arrive at most restaurants, you should not just go in and sit down, unless you see a sign saying “please seat yourself”. Usually you will have to wait for a waiter to escort you to a table. Often there will be a sign that reads “please wait to be seated”.

Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaurant is crowed. It just isn’t done.

Many restaurants have a no-smoking section, in some places by laws.

One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass of water (with ice naturally) and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal.(Most Americans are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.)

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When your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table. Each person orders separately, except in the most expensive restaurants. Cocktail

It is quite usual to drink cocktail before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual, except in California, to drink wine with a meal. You can either have a cocktail in the bar while you wait for a table for for friends, or you can have one served before your dinner comes. At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sti down to ask if you want a cocktail, and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat. At others, there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress. Summoning a Waiter

You may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you are (You’re supposed just to say “fine”), inquire whether you have a good day and later on sya that he hopes you will enjoy your meal. To summon a waiter in an American restaurant you may call “Bill”, or “Mary”, or “Claude”, or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introduce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags; you are permitted to use their first names. Paying the Bill

The bill (often called the “check”) comes usually with tax added but no service charge, though some restaurants do now add a service charge. The etiquette books say that you should leave a ten percent tip for lunch, fifteen percent for dinner. The tip, given to the waiter for his service, should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addtition of tax.

At many restaurants you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and then pay at a cash desk on the way out. Leftover

You have probably heard that in American restaurants, if you can’t finish your meal, you can put the remains in a “doggy bag” and take them home. This is quite true. If you leave some meat, in particular, your waiter may ask you if you’d like to put it into “a little bag” or you can ask him to do this.

1. As is said in the passage, this spoon next to the dessert is supposed to ________________. A. be for salad B. be for tea C. be for coffee D. be for ice cream

2. After you have sat down in a restaurant, your waiter or waitress will often bring you ________. A. a glass of ice water B. a cup of tea

C. a drink menu D. a wet hankerchief

3. It is mentioned in the passage that it is usual to drink wine with a meal in the state of ____. A. California B. Utah C. Ohio D. North Carolina 4. When the waiter asks how you are, you ________ .

A. should smile to him B. don’t need to answer

C. are supposed just to say “Fine” D. should honestly tell him how you are feeling 5. ____________ is not included in teh bill.

A. The added tax B. A service chargeC. The cost of the meal D. A tip 答案1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D Passage 20

The history of NBA

1940s and 1950s: the early Years

The National Basketball Association (the NBA) of America was founded in 1946 by the owners

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of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers, which the NBA now regards as the first game played in the league’s history.

During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Champinship and established itself as the league’s first dynasty. To encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954. If a tem does not attempt to score a field goal (or the ball fails to make contact with the rim) within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped and the ball is given to its opponent. 1960s and 1970s: the NBA vs. the ABA

Through this period, the NBA continued to strengthen with the shift of the Minneapolis Lakers to Los Angeles, the Philadelphia Warriors to San Francisco, and the Syracuse Nationals to Philadelphia, as well as the addition of its first expansion franchises. The Chicago Packers (now Washington Wizards) became the 9th NBA team in 1961. From 1966 to 1968, the league expanded from nine teams to fourteen, introducing the Chicogo Bulls, Seattle Super Sonics (now Oklahoma City Thunder), San Doegp Rockets (relocated to Houston four years later), Milwaukee Bucks, and Phoenix Suns.

In 1967, the league faced a new external threat with the formation of the American Basketball Association (the NBA). The league engaged in a bidding war. The NBA landed the most important college star of the era, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (then known as Lew Alcindor). However, the NBA’s leading scorer, Rick Barry jumped to the ABA, as did four experienced referees: Norm Drucker, Earl Strom, John Vanak, and Joe Gushue.

The American Basketball Association also succeeded in signing a number of major stars, including Julius Erving of the Virginia Squires, in part because it allowed teams to sign college undergraduates. The NBA expanded rapidly during this period, one purpose being to tie up the most viable cities. From 1966 to 1074, the NBA, grew from 9 franchises to 18. in 1970 the Portland Trail Blazers, Cleverland Cavaliers, and Buffalo Braves (now the Los Angeles Clippers) all made their debuts, expanding the league to 17. The New Orleans Jazz (now in Utah) came aboard in 1974, bringing the total to 18. Following the 1976 season, the leagues reached a settlement that provided for the addition of our ABA frachises to the NBA, raising the number of franchises in the league at that time to 22. The franchises added were the San Antonio Spurs, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers and New York Nets (now the New Jersey Nets). Some of the biggest stars of this era were Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Rick Barry, Dan Issel and Pete Maravich. 1980s: Magic vs. Bird

The league added the ABA’s innovative three-point field goal beginning in 1979 to open up the game. That same year, rookies Larry Bird and earvin “Magic” Johnson joined the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers respectively, initiating a period of significant growth in fan interest in the NBA throughout the country and the world. Bird went on to lead the Celtics to three titles, and Johnson went on to lead the Lakers to five. There were no championships in the 80’s taht did include Magic’s Lakers or Bird’s Celtics. Also in the early 80’s, the NBA added one more expansion franchise, the Dallas Mavericks, bringing the total to 23 teams. 1990s: the Jordan Era

Michael Jordan entered the league in 1984 with the Chicago Bulls, providing an even more popular star to support growing interest in the league. This result in more cities demanding teams of their own. In 1988 and 1989, four cities got their wishes as the Charlotte Homets (New

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Orleans Hornets), Miami Heat, Orlando Magic, and Minnesota Timberwolves made their NBA debuts. A growing number of NBA star players also began coming from other countries. Initially, many fo these players, such as 1994 NBA MVP Hakeen Olajuwon of Nigeria, first played NCAA basketball to enhance their skills. Jordan and Scottie Pippen led the Bulls to six championships in Eight years during the 1990s. Olajuwon won back-to-back titles with the Houston Rockets in 1994 and 1995, during Jordan’s first retirement. The 1992 Olympic basketball Dream Team, the first to use current NBA stars, featured Michael Jordan as the anchor, along with Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, David Robinson, Patrick Ewing, Scottie Pippen, Karl Malone, John Stockton, and Charles Barkley. In 1995, the NBA expanded to Canada adding with the Vancouver Grizzlies and the Toronto Raptors. In 2001, the Vacouver Grizzlies were relocated to Memphis, which left the Raptors as the only Canadian team in the NBA.

2000s: Post-Jordan Western Conference Domination

Since the break-up of the Chicago Bulls in the summer of 1998, the Western Conference has dominated the NBA, winning 7 of 10 championships. Tim Duncan and David Robinson won the 1999 championship with the San Antonio Spurs, and Shaquille O’Neal and Kobe Bryant started the 2000s off with the three consecutive championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. The Spurs reclaimed the title in 2003 against the Nets. In 2004 the Lakers returned to the Finals, only to fall to the Detroit Pistons. The following off-season, O’Neal was traded to the Miami Heat while the Spurs won their third championship in 2005. Miami with Dwyane Wade amd O’Neal won the title in 2006 against teh Dallas Mavericks. The San Antonio Surs brought the title back to the West with a Finals win in 2007 over the Cavaliers. 2008 saw a rematch of the league’s highest profile rivalry, the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers, with Boston prevailing. 1. The 1994 NBA MVP Hakeen Olajuwon is from____________.

A. Nigeria B. Canada C. Houston D. Latin America

2. Which of the following players is NOT a 1992 Olympic basketball Dream Team member?

A. John Stockton B. Michael Jordan C. Charles Barkley D. Shaquille O’Neal

3. According to the passage, _______ was the only Canadian team left in the NBA after 2001.

A. Toronto Raptors B. Vancouver GrizzliesC. San Antonio Spurs D. Boston Celtics

4. Out of the 10 championships since the break-up of the Chicago Bulls in the summer of 1998, how many ones has Los Angeles Lakers won?

A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

5. It can be inferred from the passage that ABA was founded in ____________. A. 1961 B. 1967 C. 1970 D. 1976

答案1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B

Passage 21

The Great Fire of London

The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of London, from Sunday, 2nd September to Wednesday, 5th September 1666. the fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman City Wall. It threatened, but did not reach the district of Westminster (the modern West End), Charles II’s Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban area.

The personal experiences of many Londoners during the fire are glimpsed in letters and memoirs. The two most famous diarists of the Restoration, Samuel Pepys (1633~1703) and John Evelyn (1620~1706), recorded the events and their own reactions day by day, and made great

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efforts to keep themselves informed of what was happening all over the city and beyond. For example, they both travelled out to the Moorfields park area north of the city on Wednesday, the fourth day, to view the distressed refugees there, which shocked them. Their diaries are the most important sources for all modern retellings of the disaster. The most recent books on the fire, by Tinniswood and Hanson, also rely on the brief memoirs of William Taswell (1651~1682), who was a fourteen-year-old schoolboy at Westminster School in 1666.

It is believed that the great fire started at the bakery of Thomas Farriner on Pudding Lane, shortly after midnight on Sunday, 2nd September, and it spread rapidly west across the City of London. The use of the major firefighting technique of the time, the creation of firebreaks by means of destruction, was critically delayed due to the indecisiveness of the Lord Mayor of London, Sir Thomas Bloodworth. By the time large-scale destruction was ordered on Sunday night, the wind had already fanned the bakery fire into a firestorm which defeated such measures. The fire pushed north on Monday into the heart of the city. Order in the streets broke down as rumors arose of suspicious foreigners setting fires. The fears of the homeless focused on the French and Dutch, England’s enemies in the ongoing Second Anglo-Ducth War, these substantial immigrant groups became victims of street violence. On Tuesday, the fire spread over most of the city, destroying St. Paul’s Cathedral and leaping the River Fleet to threaten Charles II’s Court at Whitehall, while coordinated to have been won by two factors: the strong east winds died down, and the Tower of London guards used gunpowder to create effective firebreaks to halt further spread eastward.

The social and economic problems created by the disaster were overwhelming. Evacuation from London and resettlement elsewhere were strongly encouraged by Charles II; who feared a London rebellion amongst the refugees. Despite numerous redical proposals, London was reconstructed on essentially the same street plan used before the fire.

Only a few deaths from the fire are officially recorded, and actual deaths are also traditionally supposed to have been few. Porter gives the figures as eight and Tinniswood as “in single figures”, although he adds that some deaths must have gone unrecorded and that, besides direct death from burning and smoke inhalation, refugees also died in the temporary camps. Hanson takes the issue with the whole notion that have were only a few deaths, enumerating known deaths from hunger and exposure among survivors fo the holocaust, “huddled in shacks or living among the ruins that had once been their homes” in the cold winter that followed, including, for instance, the dramatist James Shirley and his wife. Hanson also maintains that “it makes people to believe that the only foreigners being beaten to death were the ones rescued by the Duke of York”, that official figures say very little about the fate of the undocumented poor, and that the heat at the heart of the firestorms, far higher than the heat of an ordinary house fire, was sufficient to fully consume bodies, or leave only a few skull fragments. The fire, fed not merely by wood and fabrics, but also by the oil, coat, fats, sugar, alcohol, and gunpowder stored in the riverside district, melted the imported steel lying along the wharves (melting point between 1250 C and 1480 C) and the great iron chains and locks on the city gates (melting point between 1100 C and 1650 C). Nor would anonymous bone fragments have been of much interest to the hungry people sifting through the tens of thousands of tons of wreckage after the fire, looking for valuables, or to the workmen clearing away the mess later for re-building. Appealing to common sense and “the experience of every other major urban fire down the centuries”, Hanson emphasizes that the fire attacked the houses of the poor with furious speed, surely

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trapping at the very least “the old, the very young, the less-able” and burying the dust and ashes of their bones under the rubble of cellars; making for a death number not of four or eight, but of “several hundred and quite possibly several thousand”.

The material destruction has been counted at 13,5000 houses, 87 parish churches, 44 Company Halls, the Royal Exchange, the Custom House, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Bride-well Palace and other city prisons, the General Letter Office, and the three western city gates, Ludgate, Newgate, and Algersgate. The monetary value of the loss, first estimated at ￡100,000,000 in the currency of the time, was later reduced to an uncertain ￡10,000,000 (over ￡1,000,000,000 in today’s pounds). Evelyn believed that he saw as many as “200,000 people of all ranks and stations dispersed, and lying along their heaps of what they could save” on the ground. 6. _____ is thought to be the starting point of the Great Fire. A. The bakery of Thomas Farriner B. William Taswell

C. Sir Thomas Blood worth D. Samuel Pepys

7. Evacuation from London and resettlement elsewhere were strongly encouraged by Charles II, because ___.

A. too many people on the street blocked the path of fire engine B. it would save more lives

C. it would be safer for the old, the very young, and the less-able to stay outside the city D. he feared a London rebellion amongst the refugees

8. As imported steel lying along teh wharves was melted, it can be concluded that teh temperatured at the time of the fire was ________________.

A. below 1100 C B. above 1100 C C. below 1250 C D. above 1250 C 9. Which is NOT one of the city gates that were destroyed by the fire? A. Ludgate B. Newgate C. Aldersgate D. Southgate

10. The monetary value of the loss was eventually estimated to be __ in the currency of the time. A. ￡100,000,000 B. ￡200,000 C. ￡10,000,000 D. over￡1,000,000,000

答案 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. C

六、作文1. Writing

Directions: You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.

（一）My Views on Double BA Degree

1. 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见

2. 不同的人有不同的看法 3. 我的观点

（二）My View on Online Education

1. 目前网络教育形成热潮 2.“我”认为这股热潮形成原因 3. “我”对网络教育的评价

（三）Internet Harmony

1. 随着社会和经济发展，网络成为每个人必不可少的获取信息的工具

2. 但是，在网络上也出线了一些不和谐的因素，如垃圾信息，黄色网站，虚假新闻，网络炒 作等 3. 如何采取措施制止和消除这些现象

（四） On TV Show

1. 时下电视选秀节目非常流行

2. 有人认为选秀很好，能给普通人展示自己的机会 3. 我的观点

（五）Aging of the Population

1. 我国人口老龄化现象日趋普遍

2. 人口老龄化给社会、家庭带来越来越多的负担

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3. 如何妥善解决人口老龄化问题

（六）The Issue of Employment for Graduates

1. 就业的形势越来越严峻，东西部人才供需求并不均衡 2. 你认为是否应在西部就业及其原因

（七）Starting Career in a Big City of Small Town

1. 很多的大学生毕业后留在大城市工作 2. 也有人选择到小城镇开始自己的职业生涯 3. 结合自己的实际情况谈谈自己的想法

（八） Problems Caused by the Shifting Population

1. 定义流动人口 2. 总结流动人口带来的问题 3总结

（九）Class Attendance: Keep It or Not

1. 人们在学校是否应该检查出勤率上存在分歧，你对出勤率有何看法： 2. 具体论述你的观点

（十）How to Improve the Quality of Extracurricular Activities

1. 生活的丰富多彩取决于课外活动的质量，提高它很重要 2. 如何提高课外活动的质量 11.What is true friendship? 12.Food Safety 13.Internet Slang 14.Health and Life

15.Never too late to learn 16. Plan after graduation

17.Social Practice of College Students

18.The most unforgettable Person I ever Know 19.Loss of Social Trust

20.My View on Opportunity

21.Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag 22.Listening Is More Important than Talking 23.My Views on Generation Gap

24.Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission 25.college students should attend physical exercise 26.Is fast food good or bad?

Positive ideas: time-saving; the delicious and tempting taste; rich in carbohydrates and fats;

available in restaurants, hotels or streets; cheap

Negative ideas: the lack of nutritious value; lethargic and weak; depression and liver failure 27. Online Shopping

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3.我的建议 28. How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.

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1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该…… 29. Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为… 30. Creating a Green Campus

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…… 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… 31. Free admission to museums

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么? 2.也会带来一些问题 3.你的看法? 32. Recreational Activities

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

1.娱乐活动多种多样

2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。

33. Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

1.一次性塑料袋的使用

2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义 34. What electives to choose

1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2、学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课 3、以你自己为例……

35. An announcement to welcome students to join to a club Welcome to our club

1、本社团的主要活动内容2、参加本社团的好处 3、如何加入本社团

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