应用数理统计作业题及参考答案(第一章)

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应用数理统计作业题及参考答案(第一章)

第一章 数理统计的基本概念

P26

1.2 设总体X的分布函数为F?x?,密度函数为f?x?,X1,X2,…,Xn为X的子样,求最大顺序统计量X?n?与最小顺序统计量X?1?的分布函数与密度函数。 解:Fn?x??P?Xi?x??P?X1?x,X2?x,?,Xn?x????F?x???.

n?1?fn?x????Fn?x????n??F?x???f?x?.

nF1?x??P?Xi?x??1?P?X1?x,X2?x,?,Xn?x?. ?1?P?X1?x?P?X2?x??P?Xn?x?

?1???1?P?X1?x?????1?P?X2?x??????1?P?Xn?x???

?1???1?F?x???

n??n?1?Fx?n?1fx. f1?x???Fx?????????1??

4?,今抽取容量为5的子样X1,X2,…,X5,试问: 1.3 设总体X服从正态分布N?12,(i)子样的平均值X大于13的概率为多少?

(ii)子样的极小值(最小顺序统计量)小于10的概率为多少? (iii)子样的极大值(最大顺序统计量)大于15的概率为多少?

??4?,n?5,?X~N?12,?. 解:?X~N?12,5??4(i)

???????13?12?X?1213?12????1???1.12??1?0.8686?0.1314. PX?13?1?PX?13?1?P????1?????444??????5?5??5?????(ii)令Xmin?min?X1,X2,X3,X4,X5?,Xmax?max?X1,X2,X3,X4,X5?.

P?Xmin?10??1?P?Xmin?10??1?P?X1?10,X2?10,?,X5?10?

?1??P?Xi?10??1????1?P?Xi?10????1???1?P?X?10???.

i?1i?1555—1—

应用数理统计作业题及参考答案(第一章)

?Y?X?12~N?0,1?, 2?X?1210?12??X?12??P?X?10??P????1??P?Y??1? ??P?2??2?2??1?P?Y?1??1???1??1?0.8413?0.1587.

?P?Xmin?10??1??1?0.1587??1?0.4215?0.5785.

5(iii)

P?Xmax?15??1?P?Xmax?15??1?P?X1?15,X2?15,?,X5?15??1??P?Xi?15??1???P?X?15???.

i?155?P?Xmax?15??1?0.933195?1?0.7077?0.2923.

1.4 试证:

(i)??xi?a?2???xi?x??n?x?a?对任意实数a成立。并由此证明当a?x时,??xi?a?222i?1i?1i?1nnn达到最小。 (ii)??xi?x?i?1nn21n??x?nx,其中x??xi。

ni?1i?12i22n2nn22证明:(i)??xi?a????xi?x?x?a????xi?x??2?xi?x??x?a???x?a?? ???i?1i?1i?1n????xi?x?2x?ai?1nn???2????i?1nxi?x?nx?a???2??xi?x?2x?anx?nx?nx?a

i?1??2??????2??xi?x?nx?a.

i?1?2??2当a?x时,??xi?a????xi?x??n?x?x????xi?x?达到最小。

2222i?1i?1i?1nnn(ii)??xi?x???xi2?2xix?x??xi2?2x?xi?nx??xi2?2x?nx?nx??xi2?nx.

22222i?1i?1i?1i?1i?1i?1nn??nnnn P27

1n1.5 设X1,X2,…,Xn为正态总体X~N??,??的样本,令d??Xi??,试证

ni?122?2??E?d???,D?d???1??。

????n2证明:①X~N??,?2?,则Xi??~N?0,?2?.

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应用数理统计作业题及参考答案(第一章)

?1nE?d??E??Xi???ni?1EXi???12??y22?2?1n???EXi??. ?ni?1ye?y22?2??????dy?21?????0ye?y22?2212?2dy?????2???0e?y22?2?y2?d??2? ?2??????2???e?20??.

1n2122?E?d??????n???.

ni?1?n??② E?Xi????D?Xi????E2?Xi?????2.

?DXi???EXi??2?2??E222??Xi????2??2??1???2.

?????1n?D?d??D??Xi???ni?1?1?n??2D??Xi???n?i?11?2?2?2??2?1n?DX????n?1?????1??. i?2?2nn??????ni?1?

1.6 设总体X服从正态N??,?2?,X1,X2,…,Xn为其子样,X与S2分别为子样均值及方差。又设Xn?1与X1,X2,…,Xn独立同分布,试求统计量Y?解:由于Xn?1和X是独立的正态变量,

??2??X~N??,?,Xn?1~N??,?2?,且它们相互独立.

?n?EXn?1?X?E?Xn?1??EX?????0. DXn?1?X?D?Xn?1??DX?2?则Xn?1?X~N??0,??. nXn?1?XSn?1的分布。 n?1????????n?12?. nn?1??Xn?1?X?n~N?01,?. n?12而

nS2?2~??n?1?,且

nS2?2与Xn?1?X相互独立,

n?1~t?n?1?. n?1则T?

Xn?1?X?nn?1nS2Xn?1?X?n?1?2S1.7 设T~t?n?,求证T2~F?1,n?.

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应用数理统计作业题及参考答案(第一章)

1?,V~?2?n?,且U与V相互独立,则 证明:又t分布的定义可知,若U~N?0,UU22,其中,U2~?2?1?. T?~t?n?,这时,T?VnVnU2由F分布的定义可知,T?~F?1,n?.

Vn2

1.9 设X1,X2,…,Xn和Y1,Y2,…,Yn分别来自总体N??1,?2?和N??2,?2?,且相互

12独立,?和?是两个已知常数,试求?X??1??Y??22112222????nS?n2S???????n1?n2?2?n1n2?的分布,

其中S12?解:

1n1?Xi?Xn1i?1??2,S22?1n2?Yi?Yn2i?1??2。

??2???2??X~N??1,?,Y~N??2,?,X??1与Y??2相互独立,

n1?n2?????2???2?X??1~N?0,?,Y??2~N?0,?,

?n2??n1???X??1??Y??2?????X??1??Y??2??2?2?2?2?~N?0,?~N?0,1?. ?,n1n2???2?2??????nn2??1~?2?n2?1?,且S12与S22相互独立,

??????n1S12?2~??n1?1?,

22n2S2?2n1S12?2?2n2S2?2~?2?n1?n2?2?.

?X??1??Y??2??2?2?????nn2??1nS????~t?n1?n2?2?,

??2112?nS?2222?n1?n2?2?即?X??1??Y??2????2??2?2?n1S12?n2S2???n1?n2?2?n1n2?~t?n1?n2?2?.

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