高中入学前暑假数学英语学习资料

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第一中学假期学习资料

英语:第2页—第5页

数学:第6页—第32页

即日起,你就是我们一中的一员了,一中欢迎你!

为了给你一个快乐而又充实的假期,并能帮助你更顺利的做好初高中衔接,我们为你准备了数学和英语的假期学习资料供大家学习。同时,这些资料也是开学后军训期间的数学、英语过关检测的出题范围。学校对于过关检测中表现优秀的学生,将在军训汇报演出中进行表彰。

学校希望你做一个有梦想并为之不懈努力的人。为了实现你的梦想,

我们真诚的希望你能利用好假期的时间,利用各种资源,学习、巩固好我们为你准备的学习资料,为你顺利过渡到高中的学习做最充分的准备。 预祝你过关检测中取得优异的成绩!再次祝你充实、快乐!

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中考英语必背100条重点短语

1. ~ down: put down放下 shut down把?关上cut down砍掉 come down下来、落下slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down坐下write down写下 get down下来,降落

2. after ~: after all毕竟.终究 after that于是.然后day after day日复一日地one after another相继.挨次soon after不久以后the day after tomorrow后天name after根据??命名run after追赶

3. ~ up (with): come up with找到、提出、赶上catch/keep up with赶上 wake up弄醒、醒来send up发射 open up开设、开办grow up长大 pick up拾起、捡起hands up/put up (raise)one\\s hands举手eat up吃光 clean up打扫干净give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事

4.到达:arrive at/in + n. (地方)=get to +n. (地方)=reach + n. (地方)=arrive / get +adv. (地方)

5. ~ back: get?back退还,送回去.取回 give back归还come back回来 at the back of在?的后面on the way (back)home在回家路上

6. at~: at least至少 at breakfast早餐时at once立刻,马上at school在上学 at the doctor’s在医务室at work在工作 at night在晚上 at noon中午be good at=do well in 善长 be bad at不善长laugh at嘲笑 not?at all一点也不at the age of在?岁时 at first起初at last=in the end=finally最后、终于at the beginning of (the 21st century)在21世纪初 at the end of 在?终点、结尾at Christmas在圣诞节 at the foot of在?脚下at the moment= now现在at any moment任何时候at times(sometimes)有时,偶尔at the same time同时

7. for~: for example例如 for ever永远be good for对?有益 be bad for对?有害for long=for a long time长期for short简称 be short for是?的简称(be short of缺少)

8. come ~: come true实现 come down下来come from=be from来自,出生于come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油come over过来 come along走吧,过来,快点come up上来come out出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来

9. even ~:even though=even if即使、虽然、尽管

10. be ~ with/ ~ of : be pleased with对?感到满意be covered with被?覆盖be expected to do sth.被期望做某事be proud of 以?自豪 be afraid of害怕speak highly of 称赞hear of听说 / (hear from sb.收到某人的来信)of course=certainly当然可以plenty of= a lot of许多(后面接可数或不可数名词)

11.by ~ : by the way顺便说 (all) by oneself/on one’s own/alone单独,独自by the end of到?为至 one by one依次by the time=when(引起时间状语从句)到?的时候by air/plane乘飞机by bus/train/car乘公共汽车/火车/轿车(相关:catch a bus赶公交车get on/off the bus上/下车take a bus to?=go to ?by bus乘车去?)by mistake错误地 by chance /by accident偶然

12.do ~: do/try one’s best to do sth尽力做??do one’s homework做家庭作业do (the/some) shopping购物do the cooking烹饪 do some cleaning打扫do the/some washing洗衣服do sports做运动do with sb / sth.处理(=deal with) well done干得好

13.early ~ : in the early morning一大早in the early spring初春 catch/miss the early bus赶上/错过早班车in my early days我幼年时期

14. ~ to: make a contribution to doing sth贡献给、捐献make a telephone call to sb.=ring sb. up=give sb. a call=phone sb.给某人打电话connect A to B把A与B连接起来be close to靠近(某地) give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb .

15.either ~: either?or?或者?或者..on either side of the street街道任何一边(on

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each side of the street街道每一边on both sides of the street街道两边)

16. ~ doing sth.: keep doing sth.不停地做某事(不间断的连续) keep on doing sth.坚持做某事(有间断的连续) practise doing sth.练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事finish doing sth.做完某事go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事) avoid doing sth避免做某事have some trouble/difficulty /problems (in) doing sth做某事有麻烦suggest doing sth 建议做做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事

17.go ~: go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一事)go straight along 沿着?一直往前走go up/down上升/下降 go for a walk/ride去散步/骑车go over复习 go shopping买东西go to the cinema去看电影 go well进展顺利go off to=leave for动身(出发)前往?go to work去上班 want a go 想试一试

18. ~ about: talk about谈论 worry about担心How / What about?? ?怎么样? think about考虑(相关:think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到think over仔细考虑 think out想出) 19. ~ from: from door to door挨家挨户from time to time时时 from now on从今以后 from then on 从那以后be different from与?不同learn?from?向?学习borrow?from ?从?借?(相关:lend?to?把?借给?)

20.get ~: get dressed穿衣 get into进入get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车get on well with sb.与某人相处得好get out of从?出来 get warm 变暧get ready for +n.为?做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡(相关:be asleep睡着)

21. look ~: look for 寻找 wait for等候look after=take care of照看look like看起来像 look the same看起来一样look over检查,复习 look through温习,检查look out小心,从里向外看 look up向上看,查(单词、电话号码等)look around环视 look forward to doing sth期望??

22. ~ off: set off出发、动身 put off推迟 turn off关take off脱(衣),(飞机)起飞 jump off跳离keep off避开、不靠近? drop off放下(某物)

23. half ~: half a kilo半千克 half an hour半小时in half分成两半one and a half hours=our hour and a half一小时半a year and a half(one and a half years)一年半

24. ~ exercise:do eye/morning exercises做眼保健/早操take (more) exercise(多)参加体育锻炼an exercise book练习本

25. ~ in: take part in参加 hand/turn in上交in hospital住院 in surprise吃惊地in the sun在阳光下(under the sun 天下,世界上;到底,究竟) in trouble处于困境in a minute/moment马上

26. ~ on: feed on以?为主食 live on继续活着base on以?为根据 carry on坚持、继续下去and so on等等on the other hand另一方面on foot步行 28.be ~介词:be famous for以..著名 be born出生be excited about +n./V-ing对?感到兴奋be interested in对?感兴趣be amazed at对..感到惊讶be busy with sth.=be busy doing sth.忙于?

29.move ~: move away移开 move to(搬)移到? 30.上网:search the Internet上网

31.make ~: make sure 确信 make a dialogue编对话make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽)make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸make friends (with)和..交朋友make room for给..让地方 make tea沏茶 make money赚钱 make a decision作出决定

32.used ~: used to do sth过去常常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be used for doing sth.用作be used to do sth被用作??be used as 被当做??使用

33. 丢三落四:leave sth+介词短语(in some place) 把?落在某处(此句型不能用forget)

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34. ~ to do sth.: forget to do sth.忘记去做某事encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事,decide to do sth.决定做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事

35.hear ~: hear sb. do sth.=hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人(正在)做某事

36. ~ with sth.: help sb.(to)do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 with one’s help在某人的帮助下 with pleasure非常乐意

37. 值得?:be worth + money 值?钱be worth + doing sth. 值得做? 38. ~ into: step into走进 pour into倒入?

39. ~ first: for the first time第一次at first起初 a first language母语first of all首先 40. ~ message: leave a message for sb.给某人留条give/take sb. a message给某人捎口信

41. take ~: take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走take out取出(work out算出) take care当心take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温take one’s time别着急 take a walk散步

42. learn ~:learn by oneself=teach oneself自学learn? by heart背熟

43. 国家:more developed countries发达国家less developed countries不发达国家developing countries发展中国家

44. have ~: have a try尝试,努力(try out尝试、试验)find out/about找出,查明 have no idea不知道have a good/wonderful/great time玩得开心have a (bad)cold(重)感冒have a meeting/walk/watch开会/散步/比赛 have sports进行体育活动have nothing/sth. to do with与..无(有)关have/take one’s medicine服药

45. 提供:offer sb sth.给某人提供某物provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb提供给某人某物

46. 获奖:win first prize获一等奖

47. 全世界:all over the world= around the world= throughout the world

48. 各种各样的:all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of不同种类的 a kind of 一种kind of 有点

49. 既不?也不?:neither? nor 50. 表示“并列”:not only ? but also ?,不但?而且?both? and ? ?和?都 either ?or ?或者?或者?whether ?or ?不论??还是??

51. 越?越?:the more , the better 越多越好the taller, the better 越高越好 52. 一生:all one’s life

53. as ~ as : as soon as 一?就? as if 好像as soon as possible尽可能早地、尽快as well = too也 regard ?as 把?当作?as much as至多,和?一样多 as little as至少 as along as只要as faras 就??来说,至于as well as 和,还,和??一样好

54. 无论?:no matter where=wherever no matter how=however no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever

55. 从那以后,此后一直:ever since? since then (完成时的标志) 56. ~ so : so far 到目前为止(完成时的标志) or so大约 57. 表示“又,再”: another two hours=two more hours 又(再) 2个小时 a fifth apple 58. 一周三次:three times a week

59. ~ number :the number of?的数量a (large/good/great) number of =large numbers of =many许多,大量的

60. less ~: less than少于 less and less 越来越少 more or less或多或少 62. 直到?才?:not?until?

63. like ~: be like/look like看起来像 feel like +n./V-ing想要like best最喜欢 would like to do sth想做?

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64.制造:be made of 由?制造be made from由?制成be made in+地点、某地制造be made by+人 由谁制造的

65. ~ away: wash away冲走 run away逃跑 take away带走put away 把??收好 66. ~ long: before long不久 long before=long ago很久以前for long =for a long time长期no longer = not any longer不再(no more = not any more)

67. more ~: more or less = about或多或少,大约 more than = over多于,超过

68. every ~: every year每年 every four years每隔四年every other day每隔一天everyday English/life日常英语/生活

69. next ~: next to紧挨着 next door隔壁,邻居next year明年 next time下次 70. 收到来信: receive/get/have a letter from sb.= hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 71. 展览:on show = on display

72. 充满?:be filled with = be full of 73. 由于:thanks to = because of

74. ~ day: some day =one day(将来)某一天 all day终日day and night 日日夜夜 in a day or two一两天内 (one or two days/a day or two一两天)in the old days从前,旧社会from day to day (day after day)日复一日the day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天Tree Planting Day

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课题: 绝对值

【知识梳理】

1、 绝对值的代数意义:正数的绝对值是它的________,负数的绝对值是它的________,零的

绝对值仍是________.即

??a????(a?0)(a?0) (a?0)2、绝对值的几何意义:一个数的绝对值,是数轴上表示它的点到原点的________. 3、两个数的差的绝对值的几何意义:a?b表示在数轴上,数a和数b之间的________. 【课堂练习】 1.填空:

(1)若x?5,则x=_________;若x??4,则x=_________.

(2)如果a?b?5,且a??1,则b=________;若1?c?2,则c=________. 2.选择题:

下列叙述正确的是 ( ) (A)若a?b,则a?b (B)若a?b,则a?b (C)若a?b,则a?b (D)若a?b,则a??b 3.化简:|x-5|-|2x-13|(x>5).

课题: 乘法公式

【知识梳理】

我们在初中已经学习过了下列一些乘法公式: (1)平方差公式 (a?b)(a?b)?;

(2)完全平方公式(a?b)2?我们还可以通过证明得到下列一些乘法公式: (1)立方和公式(a?b)(a2?ab?b2)?(2)立方差公式(a?b)(a?ab?b)?(3)三数和平方公式 (a?b?c)2?(4)两数和立方公式 (a?b)3?(5)两数差立方公式 (a?b)?322.

; ;

; ; .

对上面列出的五个公式,有兴趣的同学可以自己去证明. 【例题精讲】

例1 计算:(x?1)(x?1)(x?x?1)(x?x?1).

222例2 已知a?b?c?4,ab?bc?ac?4,求a?b?c的值.

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22【课堂练习】 1.填空:

121211 (1)a?b?(b?a)( );

9423 (2)(4m?)2?16m2?4m?();

(3 ) (a?2b?c)2?a2?4b2?c2?().

2.选择题:

1mx?k是一个完全平方式,则k等于 ( ) 21212122(A)m (B)m (C)m (D)m

416322(2)不论a,b为何实数,a?b?2a?4b?8的值 ( )

(1)若x?2 (A)总是正数 (B)总是负数

(C)可以是零 (D)可以是正数也可以是负数

课题:二次根式 【知识梳理】

1、根式:形如_______________式子叫做二次根式,其性质如下:

2)(a)?() a2? ab?(a?0,b?0)a?b(a?0,b?0) (4) 2、有理化因式和分母有理化

有理化因式:两个含有____________的代数式相乘,如果它们的积____有二次根式,那么这两个代数式叫做有理化因式。

分母有理化:在分母含有____的式子里,把分母中的根式____,叫做分母有理化 2.二次根式a2的意义

a?2????(a?0)(a?0)

【例题精讲】

例1、 将下列式子化为最简二次根式:

26(1)12b; (2)ab(a?0); (3)4xy(x?0).

例2 计算:3?(3?3).

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例3试比较下列各组数的大小:

2(1)12?11和11?10; (2)6?4和22-6.

例4 化简:(3?2)2004?(3?2)2005.

例 5 化简:(1)9?45; (2)x2?1x2?2(0?x?1).

例6 已知x?3?23?23?2,y?3?2,求3x2?5xy?3y2的值 .

课堂练习】 1.填空: (1)1?31?3=__ ___;

(2)若(5?x)(x?3)2?(x?3)5?x,则x的取值范围是_ _ ___;

(3)424?654?396?2150?__ ___; (4)若x?52,则x?1?x?1x?1?x?1?x?1?x?1x?1?x?1?______ __.2.选择题:

等式xxx?2?x?2成立的条件是 ( (A)x?2 (B)x?0 (C)x?2 (D)0?x?2

3.比较大小:2-35-4(填“>”,或“<”).

4.若b?a2?1?1?a2a?1,求a?b的值.

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【 )

课题:分式

【知识梳理】 1.分式的意义:形如具有下列性质:

AAA的式子,若B中含有字母,且B?0,则称为分式.当M≠0时,分式BBBAA?MAA?M; . ??B()B()am?n?p 2.繁分式:像b,这样,分子或分母中又含有分式的分式叫做.

c?d2mn?p【例题精讲】

例1 若5x?4x(x?2)?Ax?Bx?2,求常数A,B的值.

例2 (1)试证:1n(n?1)?1n?1n?1(其中n是正整数);

(2)计算:11?2?12?3???19?10; (3)证明:对任意大于1的正整数n, 有

12?3?13?4???1n(n?1)?12.

例3 设e?ca,且e>1,2c2-5ac+2a2=0,求e的值.

【课堂练习】 1.填空题:

对任意的正整数n,

111n(n?2)?(n?n?2);

2.选择题:若

2x?yx?y?23,则xy= ( ) (A)1 (B)5464 (C)5 (D)5

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3.正数x,y满足x2?y2?2xy,求 4.计算

x?y的值. x?y1111???...?. 1?22?33?499?100

【单元练习】

1.解不等式:

(1) x?1?3; (2) x?3?x?2?7 ; (3) x?1?x?1?6.

2.填空:

(1)(2?3)18(2?3)19=________;

22(2)若(1?a)?(1?a)?2,则a的取值范围是________;

11111?????________.

1?22?33?44?55?63.已知x?y?1,求x3?y3?3xy的值.

(3)

课题:因式分解(一)

【变式训练】: 一)、公式法

1、用立方和或立方差公式分解下列各多项式:

(1) 8?x

10

3

(2) 0.125?27b

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