名词性从句与定语从句区别及练习

名词性从句典型错误 例析

找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? Can you tell me how many students there are in your class? 2. I don't know where has he gone. I don't know where he has gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter. 规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！

找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.

5. My idea is that we must do our homework first. My idea is that we (should) do our homework first. 6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. His proposal that we (should) go there on foot…... 规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！ 问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？

找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasn't been decided yet. Whether we will have a meeting hasn’t been decided yet. 8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it. It depends on whether the weather is …...

9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting. The question is whether he himself will be present …...10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. He asked me whether I could go with him or not.

规律三：4种情况只能用whether : (1)位于句子开头； (2)前 面有介词； (3)引导表语从句； (4)与 or not连用。

找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money it on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our it sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. that 4. It doesn’t matter that you will come or not. whether

规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助 “it” 而后置。 问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”?

名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别

1. 成分上的区别： 名词从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery. 主语 2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job. 宾语 3. The problem is who will be equal to the task. 表语 4. He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.同位语

5. I visited the country which/that had been bombed bythe US-led NATO (美国为首的北约) a month before. 6. I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life. 7. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm., by which time many people have gone home.

8. I had never seen such a good film as I watched lastnight.

结论一：名词从句充当句子的主要成分； 定语从句充当句子的修饰成分。

2. 引导词含义

上的区别：

引导词是否指向句中的某个成分？1. That he came back made us very happy. 2. I’m sorry (that) I’ve made a mistake. 3. The fact is that his bark is worse than his bite. 4. Word came that he would come to see us all.

5. He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. 6. Kennedy and Johnson, both of whom were murdered in their terms, once co-worked as president and vice-president. 7. The Oscar is one of the film prizes that have not been offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far. 8. The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes that has not been offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far.

9. The days are gone forever when we used

foreign oil.10. As we all know, China is a developing country.

11. This is the village where my father once livedfor several years.

12. 1980, when Chinese government began itsreform, is an important year for China.

结论二： 定语从句的引导词在语义上 具有指代先行词的作用。 名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。

3. 关于that:that 在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？

1. He pretended (that) he didn’t see me.2. That she lost her necklace on the way home

made her so worried.3. It is necessary that we should learn a second language. 4. It is said that he works hard at English.

问题：that 作何成分？

5. The school that my sister studies at is far fromhere. freedom. (which)

6. The first request that he made was to ask for 7. It was said that that was all that he said.8. Is this the house that you have bought yourself? (which) 问题：that 作何成分？

结论三： 名词从句中的 that 只起引导词的作用，无任何意义。 定语从句中的that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，

有时可以与 which 互换。

4. 引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：

as, 且 when, where 等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。不会出现在定语从句中的关系词： whether, if, what, how

5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系： 1. He has done what he can to help me. all ____ --He has done ____ that he can to help me. 2. What I want to say has nothing to do with it. All that --____ ____ I want to say has nothing to do with it.

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