第八讲 结构调整Restructuring

在翻译中,对于英文句式如何翻译成中文句式

第八讲 结构调整Restructuring

英汉两种语言有着不同的行文造句特点和表达习惯，因此在翻译时常常需要打破原文的句式结构，对译文进行结构调整，以符合汉语的表达习惯。我们知道，英语的句式结构习惯于由点及面，由小到大，由近及远，由轻到重，由弱到强，而汉语恰恰相反

1 His address s 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19104, USA.

2 Mr. Gates built a huge mansion on the shores of Lake Washington not far Microsoft’s headquarters in Redmond, a suburb of Seattle.

救死扶伤 heal the wounded and rescue the dying

钢铁工业 the iron and steel industry

进出口 export and import

美籍华人 Chinese American

现代流行歌曲 popular modern songs

暖人心的 heart-warming

意志坚定的 tough-minded

华东 East China

东南西北 north and south, east and west

祸福与共 share the weal and woe

无论晴雨 rain or shine

言行不一 inconsistency of deeds with words

衣食住行 food, clothing, shelter and transportation

我、你、他 you, he and I

前前后后，来来去去 back and forth, to and fro

1. 一定要分清敌我。

2. 他们必须而且应当这样做。

3. Young as he is, the little boy has learned a lot.

4. The fear that their port would lose its importance also worried the people of Baltimore. 英语倒装结构较多，翻译时应按汉语习惯处理。下面是几种常见的英语倒装结构： 疑问倒装：What did you do yesterday? 你昨天干什么来者？

命令倒装：“Speak you,”said Mr. Black, “Speak you, good fellow!”布莱克先生叫道：“说，说吧！伙计！”

在翻译中,对于英文句式如何翻译成中文句式

惊叹倒装：How dreadful this place is! 这地方好可怕啊！

假设倒装：Had you come yesterday, you could have seen him here. 要是你昨天来了，

你就会在这里看到他的。

平衡倒装：Through a gap came an elaborately described ray. 从一个空洞透出一束精

心描绘的光线。

衔接倒装：On this depends the whole argument. 整个争论都以此为论据。

点题倒装：By strategy is meant something wider. 战略的意义比较广。

否定倒装：Not a word did he say. 她一言不发。

英译汉的结构调整

1. In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a

constant struggle with nature.

2. Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: there is a

“high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground.

3. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice

most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

4. He was dumbfounded at her insistence that he explained where every cent of his allowance

had gone.

5. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with

the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this is in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

6. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and

behavior is central to this theory.

7. He had to quit the position and went to exile, having been deprived his power..

8. The sage of the White Star Liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden

voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.

9. They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.

10. 11. totally to desert him.

12. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external to the validity of history as an

intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

13. The librarians have compiled a card-index catalogue to afford facilities for reference.

在翻译中,对于英文句式如何翻译成中文句式

14. He failed at last with all his efforts. (With all his efforts he failed at last.)

15. I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should

increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.

16. It is not surprising that, when humidity is low, the water evaporates rapidly from the fruit. 汉译英的结构调整

结构调整法同样也适用于汉译英，主要用于定语、状语的安排调整以及一些否定结构的处理。此外，英、汉表达的轻重顺序也不尽相同。如前所述，汉语习惯上把重的、强的、词语放在前面，而英语恰恰相反，按轻、重顺序排放。与英语相比，汉语句子较为简短、零散，词序也较为固定，翻译时应注意句子的合并和语序的调整。

A 定语的结构调整

1. 社会主义的现代化强国。

2. 一位美国现代优秀作家

3. 各条战线上的先进工作者们

4. 这是能想象得出的最好解决办法。

5. 丰收年多积累一点，灾害年或者半灾荒年就不积累或者少积累一点。

6. 这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个新

建的专业。

B 状语的结构调整

1. 他们的部队水陆并进，及时抵达前线。

2. 救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。

3. 因此，我们并不认为，他们必须或者应当采取中国的做法。

4. 许多代表激动地说，“我们从来没有看见过这样光明的前途”。

5. 中国人民正在中国共产党的领导下，团结一致地进行着伟大的社会主义建设。 作业：

翻译下列句子，注意结构调整

1. This tea-party was given by Mr. Smith, senior correspondent of the Thames, London.

2. There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.

3. I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of young government, it

proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.

4. Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking, of former plains seen heaved aloft, of

fires flashing out aimed the ruin.

5. Can you forge against these enemies at a grand and global alliance, North and South,

在翻译中,对于英文句式如何翻译成中文句式

East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

6. This contract is made in a spirit of friendly cooperation by and between party A and

party B, whereby party A shall invite party B for service as a foreign staff member teacher (visit professor) on the terms and conditions stipulated as follows.

7. 直道昨天我才知道他住院了。

8. 我们必须清楚地了解所有牵涉到的问题。

9. 他穿过马路时，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车子上。

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