Honesty

更新时间:2023-12-15 02:16:01 阅读量: 教育文库 文档下载

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一、找准中心句,写好概要

议论文:论点(被证明的观点,一般出现在文章的开头或结尾),论据(根据或例子),论证(证明论点的方法,在概括部分有时可以省略)。

议论文的论点是作者对所论述问题的见解和主张,是议论文的灵魂。议论文的论据是作者阐述或论证论点的根据。要让别人赞同自己的论点,作者就得拿事实和道理作为根据来证明它的正确性。论据和论点的关系是证明和被证明的关系。

记叙文:who, what, what to learn?即谁发生了什么事?从这件事情中可以得出什么结论(或道理)?

Honesty is one of the most treasured traditional values

in China. (论点)The children are taught to be honest when they are very young. At schools the students are also instructed to be honest. However, with the development of society, we often hear complaints about dishonesty. (论据)Reports with the theme of dishonesty often appear in the media. For example, some people try to get rich and live a comfortable life. But they do not work hard honestly, instead they cheat others. They sell something quite ordinary at a very high price. Some people's delaying paying back the loan can serve as another example. Some people, including some college students, get loan from

the bank, and promise to pay within, say, 3 years. However, they don't do that.

The dishonest people sometimes can get benefit from their behaviors. (论据)So some people assert that dishonesty can bring people benefit, while honesty only makes people suffer. Is that so? Definitely not. It is always true that honesty is the best policy. It pays to be honest. The cheater selling \treasure\mentioned above will surely be disclosed and punished some day.

On the contrary, if he had been honest, neither the buyer nor he himself would have suffered. The people who do not return money in time will sooner or later become infamous, and will not get the money from others again. If he had acted differently, he would have earned respect and trust, (论点)meanwhile, the bank would not have suffered from loss.

二、细读「写作内容」中的\要点\,审清题意

2. 然后以约120个词就\诚实\的主题发表看法,并包括以下要点:(1)你对不诚实现象的看法;也就是你认为不诚实有

哪些弊端或害处,而不是讲述你周围有很多人如何如何做一些不诚实的事情。

另外,题目没要求你举例,你就不要凑词数去举例。这次有同学用了很大篇幅写了一个\狼来了\的故事来说明不诚实的害处。因为一个例子只能说明一个道理,例子太具体了,如果说得不妥容易出现观点性的错误,而且占据地盘太多,没有地方给你写其它内容。

(2)诚实的重要性是什么;也就是人为什么要诚实?诚实有哪些好处?而不是我们要做一些诚实的事情,比如……。 (3)作为中学生,该如何做一个诚实的人。

一定要突出\如何做\,也就是具体的做法,而不是笼统地说我们要做一个诚实的人。

三、按「写作内容」的\要点\写好正文,分段论述。 「写作内容」的\要点\部分要求你写什么你就按照\要点\写什么,写的时候要时时刻刻记住你写的这段话的中心是什么?不要下笔千言,离题万里。再者,凡是议论文有两个或两个以上\要点\的,必须要分段写,一段只能写一个中心内容,纲举目张,避免走题,也方便老师阅卷。记叙文也应如此,写完一个故事后,另起一段来写由故事得出的道理或学到的知识。

四、\画龙点睛\(即结论部分)

此部分可有可无,因为有些文章在「写作内容」的最后一个\要点\中已有体现,所以可以不重复写;如果没有,那么就可以写出一至两句与文章主题相关的结论句。该结论句必须紧扣主题,必须是健康、积极向上的,要具有人文精神,要让改卷老师感到一种亲切感或关怀感。 英文议论文的写作要求

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义,恰当地综合运用各种表达方式;论据基本要是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。

写议论文要考虑论点,考虑用什么作论据来证明它,怎样来论证,然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点,然后分别进行论述,分析各个分论点,最后得出结论;也可以先引述一个故事,一段对话,或描写一个场面,再一层一层地从事实分析出道理,归纳引申出一个新的结论。这种写法叫总分式,是中学生经常采用的一种作文方式。也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的疑问,然后一一作答,逐层深入,这是答难式的写法。还要以

是作者有意把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照,然后得出结论,这是对比式写法。

议论文是用逻辑、推理和证明,阐述作者的立场和观点的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张,或是驳斥别人的错误观点。新闻报刊中的评论、杂文或日常生活中的感想等,都属于议论文的范畴。

议论文又叫说理文,它是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非,以确定其观点正确或错误,树立或否定某种主张。议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。 一、议论文写作三要素议论文主要包括三要素:论点、论据和论证方法。论点必须正确。论据是为说明论点服务的,既要可靠又要充分,事实胜于雄辩,是最好的论据。论据也可以是人们公认的真理,经过实践考验的哲理。论证的方法多种多样,常用的方法有:1. 归纳法从分析典型,即分析个别事物入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论。

2. 推理法从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析,而后得出结论。

3. 对照法对所有事实、方面进行对照,然后加以分析,得出结论。

4. 驳论法先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,最后阐明自己的观点。

二、议论文的特点议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论句三部分。一般在引子部分提出论点,即文章的主题,在正文部分摆出有利的事实,对论点进行严密的论证,最后根据前面的论证得出结论。

三、议论文的写法要写好议论文,必须注意以下几点:1. 确定论点。

论点通常在文章的第一段提出。 2. 立足论据。

要有足够的论据,可以列举生活的实例。 3. 严密论证。

论证要有严密的逻辑性。所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论连接起来。 4. 层次清晰。 5. 端正态度。

态度诚恳、友好,因为议论文重在说理,以理服人。

6. 充实论据论据要充分。欲证明自己的观点必须有丰满、可靠的证据。作者可以列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历。

另外需要说明的是:议论文在写作手法上以议论为主,但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件,或是议论的补充;议论文中的叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据的因此,叙述应该是概括的,描写应该是简要的。 读写任务范文」

Honesty, as one treasured traditional virtue of Chinese, can make people win respect and trust. However, nowadays many people are dishonest for their own benefit from their behaviors. (更好的概括) The passage mainly tells us that nowadays many people are dishonest for their own benefit, for they not only neglect our traditional values, but also want to escape being punished.

Dishonesty does great harm to our society. It can destroy our good relationship with others, bringing lots of unstable factors to the society. Sometimes, it may even affect people's health.

Why should we be honest? Firstly, being honest is one of Chinese traditional virtues which we should carry forward. Secondly, friendship is based on honesty. Seeing that the honest person is reliable, most of people are willing to make friends with them. Thirdly, honesty is very important for us to build a harmonious society and realize our spiritual civilization.

As students, we should act honestly every day and never cheat others, including cheat in exams. Besides, we should help those who are dishonest correct their mistakes. Only in this way can we win respect from others.

Honesty

What is honesty?Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act.Considered a virtue,it is admired.Dishonesty is generally looked upon as an evil,and despised and cndemned by the society.

As the English proverb goes,honesty is the best policy.For one thing,if you want to be trusted and respected by your friends,you must be honest.A liar is always looked down upon and avoided by the people around him.For another,if you want to succeed in your

work,the first qualification you should have is honesty.It is through honest efforts that Newton and Einstein became great figures in history.Therefore,whatever your aim is,you must work honestly to attain it.

However,there are people who try to get benefits by dishonest means.For example,some students copy the exercises done by others or cheat on examinations,in order to get good marks.The same thing may be said of a merchant shop tries to get good marks.The same thing may be said of a merchant shop tries to get rich by deceiving customers.Those people may succeed for a time,but sooner or later,they will be caught.In the end,dishonesty will bring them nothing but troubles.

[写作内容]

你要参加一场英语演讲比赛,主题是“诚实的价值”。在参赛之前,你要查阅相关资料,并准备你的演讲发言。请认真阅读下面的短文,然后完成以下的任务。

1)以约30个词概括短文的内容要点。

2)以120个词就“诚实的价值”这个主题发表你的看法,并包括以下的内容要点:

a)说说你身边诚实的例子。

b)对学生来说,什么才是真正的诚实? c)诚实有什么价值?我们是否应该保持诚实? [写作要求]

1)作文中可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点,也可以参考阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2)文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]

概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯 (一)概括部分的解题策略。

概括部分要求学生能够准确地抓住文章的中心,用自己的语

言概述文章的要点。概括部分对于输入材料的加工要求高。学生要遵循信息处理的路径(输入-处理-输出),理解阅读材料的意义,分析加工,重新组合,而不能抄袭原文。好的概括具有这些特点:主题句统摄支撑句,概括精炼准确,逻辑性强,信息浓度高,大约30词。可以分三步完成任务:

1.确定关键词。

概括应该是在关键词的基础上,进行适当的延伸。

关键词一般体现为名词,形容词。如本篇关键词为“honesty(诚实)”,概括应围绕它延伸。

2.重构主题句。

主题句是对文章整个内容的具有统摄性总的抽象概括。文章中若含有主题句,不能整句抄袭而要转述主题句(paraphrase);文章中若无主题句,则先找出各段落主题句,然后用一句话进行加工组合浓缩概括出主题句;记叙文则用一句话概括出人物(who+did)和发生事件(what+happening )。

例如本篇文中没有主题句,可找出段落主题句如下:

1)Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act.

2)Honesty is the best policy.

3)In the end,dishonesty will bring them nothing but troubles. 然后用一句话对各段落主题句进行加工组合浓缩概括出主题句如下:

The passage discusses the meaning of honesty and the benefits of honesty as well as

the diasadvantages of dishonesty.

3. 重组支撑句。

支撑句是对主题句的信息补充过程,在逻辑上受制于主题句。议论文则为主题句提供论据;记叙文则为主题句(人物和事件)补充结果、原因或寓意。

如本篇对主题句中的benefits和diasadvantages进行补充,重组支撑句为:

Honesty can lead you to success while dishonesty will finally get you into trouble.

参考文章概括如下:

The passage discusses the meaning of honesty and the benefits of honesty as well as

the diasadvantages of dishonesty. Honesty can lead you to success while dishonesty will finally get you into trouble.

(二)正文部分的解题策略。

正文部分主要是考查学生的语言思辩能力、谴词造句和布局谋篇的能力,学生从阅读的内容引发议论,不是机械重复,而是个性化的表达思想。好的文章应该做到观点明确,紧扣内容要求,结构严谨、层次分明、合乎逻辑、语言顺畅、衔接自然以及词数120左右等。可以由以下三部分组成:

1. 以主题句点明观点。

段落第一句话要开门见山,明确表明个人观点,点明主题,不可摇摆不定,似是而非。

如本篇可首先写出主题句表明自己同意作者的看法如下: I hold the same opinion that honesty is very important in our lives.

2.列出段落主题句发展段落。

内容要点要求中有多少问题就分多少段,每段开头用段落主题句统领,直接瞄准问题,点明该段内容,主题句应具概括性、限制性和统领性等特点。段落的发展句要以主题句为中心,对主题句提出的主题内容给予发挥、论证、支持或说明。发展句要具

有逻辑性、层次性以及连贯性,对主题句要具有一致性、支持性,切忌兜弯或跑题。

如本篇根据内容要求每段先写出段落的主题句如下,然后进行发展:

1)(你身边诚实的例子)There are many examples of honesty around me. ________.

2)(对学生来说,什么是真正的诚实)To us students,real honesty means________.

3)(诚实有什么价值)Honesty has a great deal of value._____________.

这样,第一可以保证不离题,有的方矢地瞄准内容要点的要求;第二可以帮助读者追踪我们的思路。

3.以结尾句强化主题。

文章的结尾和开头一样重要。开头主题句是点明主题,使读者对文章的主题一目了然,而结尾具有呼应性归纳性强化性等特点,与文章开头相呼应,概括全文内容,强化主题,给读者留下启示或深刻印象,在文章中起着画龙点睛的作用. 如本篇可写出如下结尾句同主题句呼应,强化主题: Only when everyone is honest can the society become more harmonious and the world become more beautiful.

正文部分参考范文如下:

I hold the same opinion that honesty is very important in our lives.

There are many examples of honesty around me.For example,my friend destroyed my favorite toy when she came to my home,but she admitted her mistake and apologized to me.

To us students,real honesty means we should admit what we can and cannot understand,have and haven’t done. We should do homework by ourselves instead of copying .And we should not cheat in the exam .On the contrary,we should admit what we cannot understand,which is another form of honesty.

Honesty has a great deal of value.On one hand,honesty can bring friendship and trust to us.On the other hand,honesty can help us succeed in our work,and bring us more happiness.Honesty ,which is a virtue with so many advantages,should be passed on from generation to generation. Only when everyone is honest can the society become more harmonious and the world become more beautiful.

三 结语

总之,作文的训练非一日之功,只有掌握了作文的解题策略、高分技巧,以及经常的训练与积累,不断提高学生的英语综合语言应用能力,才能全面地提高自己的写作水平。

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