高职高专第9章教参

Chapter 9 计算机安全

9.1.1 Warm-up:

Label the following pictures with the terms in the box:

A. 8

B. 1

C. 3

D. 9

E. 5

F. 7

G. 4

9.1.2 Translation of the text：

计算机安全简介

H. 6

I. 2

计算机安全是指计算机系统及系统所存取资料的安全。关于计算机安全的议题首现于20世纪70年代，当时有人开始非法闯入电话系统。随着技术的发展，计算机系统也成为攻击目标。联邦调查局在20世纪80年代初首次作出与计算机黑客相关的逮捕。

当说起计算机安全，一些人首先想到的是他们的信用卡号码、社会安全号码及其它个人信息。知道如何保障个人信息不被别有用心的人利用，这一点很重要。但是，这仅是计算机安全的一部分而已。广义上的计算机安全包括三方面：硬件安全、信息安全及管理安全。

Ⅰ. 硬件安全分为物理安全和发射安全。前者涉及到保护计算机硬件及相关设备（如计算机、服务器、网络设备、外围设备等）免受外来物理威胁（如篡改、偷窃、地震和水等）。后者应对系统电子设备发出的杂散信号，如来自于显示器的电磁辐射和音频发射（如来于打印机的声音等）。

信息安全包括通信安全和狭义的计算机安全。第一项涉及保护传输中的数据和信息。第二项指保护设备或对象不被暴露，阻击利用系统框架漏洞发起的攻击。

Ⅲ. 管理安全包含人事管理安全和操作管理安全。人事管理安全指采取步骤，确保单位内所有人员遵守安全制度。操作管理安全规定如何贯彻落实其它所有安全措施及系统应当如何运行。

为了更好了解计算机安全，最好了解一下当前计算机所面对的两种主要攻击。 一种是外部攻击。只要计算机上网，它就易受这类攻击。运行恶意代码的远程计算机找到你的计算机后，监控它，试图找到薄弱处。一旦成功，远程计算机以你的电脑为基地，向别人发起进攻，或获取机密信息，对你电脑造成损失。

另一种是内部攻击。这是获取进入电脑的常用方法。木马攻击就是这类例证之一。通常是通过电子邮件，将文件安置入电脑，从而运行恶意代码。病毒的所作所为取决于病毒的作俑者。病毒有可能只是一个小麻烦。但是，它有可能更为恶毒，能删除硬盘上的文件。

计算机安全是一个过程，绝无终点可言，因为风险在变，数据在变，确保运行安全的成本在变。此时讨论计算机安全的话题何时会过时毫无意义。计算机用户所需要做的是采取一切必要措施，抵御风险。

9.1.3 Key to Exercises :

I. Tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. ( T ) 1. Computer security is closely related to the development of technology.

( F ) 2. Computer security mainly deals with credit card numbers, social security numbers, and

other personal information.

( F ) 3. Information security and administration security are involved with personnel

management in an organization.

( T ) 4. External attack and internal attack are a bit similar in terms of malicious codes.

( T ) 5. That computer security is a process means that we must always keep guard against any

danger to our computer.

II. Match the words or expressions in the left column with the Chinese equivalents in the

right column.

1. remote users

2. intrusion detection 3. corruption

4. anti-virus software 5. port number 6. unauthorized use 7. countermeasures 8. updated version 9. e-mail attachments 10. backdoor

A. 损毁

B. 电子邮件附件 C. 应对措施 D. 远程用户 E. 越权使用 F. 入侵检测 G. 端口号 H. 升级版 I. 后门

J. 杀毒软件

1. D 2. F 3. A 4. J 5. G 6. E 7.C 8.H 9. B 10.I

III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words in the box, making changes if necessary:

annoying scanner

Spyware can be installed on your computer in many different ways. Oftentimes you may ＿＿(1) the web when a popup window (弹出窗口), which looks convincingly like a Windows system message, says that your computer is ＿＿＿＿(2), and to click here to protect it. This is a popup ad to ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (3) software that you most assuredly don’t want. Spyware can also be installed along with other programs that are ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (4). For example, WeatherBug seems very good because it can ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (5) live weather data after it is downloaded and installed. However, it installs all kinds of ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (6) software along with itself. Other ＿＿＿ (7) include the MSN Search toolbar.

All kinds of spyware are ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (8), as well as potentially dangerous. Identity ＿＿＿＿ (9)is becoming more and more common lately, and we definitely need to protect ourselves. Thankfully, there are many spyware ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (10) on the market today, and a good number of them are free.

1. be browsing 2. unprotected 3. install 4. downloaded 5. display 6. problematic 7. examples 8. annoying 9. theft 10. scanners

IV. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.

1. Whenever a computer is connected to the Internet, it is “open to attack” from intruders or

hackers.

一旦计算机上网，它就面对闯入者或黑客的攻击。

2. Whilst software manufacturers regularly release updates or “patches” to their software, it is

usually up to the individual to apply this software update.

example Theft

unprotected download

browse problematic

install display

虽然软件生产商定期发布软件的升级版本或“补丁”，但是由用户来决定是否采用升级版本。

3. Computer security means protecting yourself and your organization from involvement in

costly and possibly illegal activity on the Internet.

计算机安全意味着保护你和你的单位不卷入互联网上费神费钱，可能是非法的活动。 4. Over the last 25 years or so, a number of networks and network protocols have been defined

and used.

在过去25年左右，制定和采用大量网络和网络协议。

5. The risk a computer is facing is never zero, but if you ignore it, neither will it be small.

计算机所面对的风险绝对不可能是零，但如果你忽略它，风险必将不小。

9.2.1 Translation of the text：

计算机病毒

虽然听起来不可思议，计算机病毒的确是信息时代的惊奇之作。计算机病毒是八十年代计算机飞速发展带来的产物。该名词来源于1977年出版的一部美国科幻小说《p-1的青春》。该书作者托马斯·赖安。计算机病毒之所以得此名，是因为它具有生物病毒的某些特性。与在人群中传播的生物病毒一样，计算机病毒在计算机群中传播。

早期的病毒是附在如热门游戏或常用文字处理器等普通程序上的代码。你可能从电子布告栏下载了受感染的游戏，然后运行它。象这样的病毒其实是嵌入较大、合法程序里的一小块代码。当用户运行合法程序时，病毒自我加载进入内存，并伺机看能否在硬盘找到其它程序。如果它得逞，它就修改程序，加入病毒代码。然后病毒运行“合法程序”。用户当然无从知道是病毒运行该程序。不幸的是，病毒已自我复制，感染两个程序。等用户下次运行其中一个程序时，又会感染其它程序。病毒就如此循环传播。

扩散是病毒的感染阶段。如果病毒所作所为只是自我复制，那它就不会被人们如此厌恶。大多数病毒具有攻击性，造成破坏。某种形式的触发能激活病毒进行攻击。病毒然后显山露水 —

从在屏幕上呈现出一条傻乎乎的消息到消灭所有数据。触发可能是某个具体日期，该病毒已

被复制的次数等等。

由于病毒制造者越发精明，他们的花招也不断翻新。比如，重要的伎俩之一是感染软盘和

硬盘的引导扇区。引导扇区是一小程序，是计算机加载操作系统的先头部分。引导扇区有一微型程序，指引计算机如何加载操作系统的其它部分。通过将代码置入引导扇区，病毒从而确保其被运行。一旦计算机运行，病毒能立即加载进入内存运行。就这样，病毒迅速传播。

在杀毒软件不断完善自身的同时，病毒制造者也潜心开发更有破坏力的杀手。瞧，第二代网络计算机病毒来了。无需从网上“抓取”资料，你的计算机就会被潜伏在一些网络机器里的第二代网络计算机病毒感染。

能窃取钱财的病毒就属于第二代网络计算机病毒。它被设计出来，安置在某些网络机器里。当你的计算机连接上这些机器，病毒就会侵入硬盘，搜索Intuit Quicken理财软件是否安装。该理财软件的功能之一是自动转帐。一旦被感染，你的钱就会神不知鬼不觉地被转移到病毒软件开设的另外一个账户上去。

9.2.2 Key to Exercises :

I. Tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

( T ) 1. Computer viruses are called viruses because they have something in common with

biological viruses.

( F ) 2. Computer viruses often infect other programs because the latter readily trusts the former. ( F ) 3. The main reason why computer users bitterly hate computer viruses lies in that viruses

replicate themselves in the computer.

(T ) 4. Infecting the boot sector is an important form of attack made by computer viruses.

(T ) 5. The second network computer viruses are more powerful than its predecessors in terms

of damage.

II. Match the words or expressions in the left column with the Chinese equivalent in the right column.

1. trust technique A. 入侵型病毒 2. intrusive viruses B. 安全编码 3. access authorization C. 溢出 4. virus detection D. 代码注入 5. secure coding E. 信任技术 6. program subversion F. 主文件 7. code injection G. 外壳型病毒 8. shell viruses H. 程序崩溃 9. host file I. 访问授权 10. overflow J. 查毒

1. E 2. A 3. I 4. J 5. B 6. H 7. D 8. G 9. F 10.C III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words or expressions in the box, making

changes if necessary:

design throughout

Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to infect. In this way, the virus can spread quickly ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (1) a hard disk or an entire organization when it ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (2) a LAN or a multi-user system. The virus attacks are ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (3) by how the virus was programmed. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of ＿＿＿＿ (4), including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (5) of the user, and the number of times a file is used. ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (6), the mode of attack varies. So-called benign viruses might ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (7) display a message, like the one that infected IBM’s main computer system last Christmas with a season’s greeting. Malignant (恶性的) viruses ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (8) to damage the system. The attack is to ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (9) data, to delete files, or to ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (10) the hard disk.

Format Likewise

level infect

wipe out situation

simply determine

1. throughout 2. infects 6. Likewise 7. simply 3. determined 8. are designed 4. situations 9. wipe out 5. level 10. format

IV. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.:

1. On one hand, viruses show us how vulnerable we are; On the other hand, they show us how

sophisticated and interconnected human beings have become.

一方面，病毒显示我们多么脆弱；另一方面，病毒表明人类已变得如此老谋深算，关系是如此紧密相联。

2. Microsoft applications have a feature called Macro Virus Protection built into them to prevent

this sort of virus.

微软应用软件内置名为“宏病毒防护”的功能，以防止这种病毒侵害。 3. Using a network, a worm can expand from a single copy incredibly quickly.

通过网络，一个蠕虫病毒能以不可思议的速度快速繁殖。 4. You never hear about viruses on these operating systems because the security features keep

viruses away from your hard disk.

你从未听说过病毒出现这些操作系统上，因为它们的安全功能使病毒远离您的硬盘。 5. You should never double-click on an e-mail attachment that contains an executable.

你绝对不能双击包含可执行文件的电子邮件附件。

9.3.1 Translation of the text：

如何保护你的计算机

无论是拨号上网还是宽带上网，有一些基本方法能使电脑更为安全。

Ⅰ.创设牢不可破的密码

研究表明：80%的网络安全问题源于密码脆弱。因此，创设一个牢不可破的密码是计算机安全最重要的部分之一。

Ⅱ.安装杀毒软件

好的杀毒软件至关重要。病毒库应当定期更新，以确保检测出最新病毒。确保实时扫描一

直开启——这样的话，每当存取文件，杀毒软件必将扫描。如果发现病毒，会给出提示，包括病毒名称的详细资料，受感染文件，及在病毒发起攻击前清除感染的方法。大多数反病毒软件能检测源于互联网和附在电子邮件上的病毒，避免计算机受感染。

Ⅲ. 安装防火墙

防火墙常用来阻止未经授权的互联网用户访问连接到互联网的专用网络，特别是内联网。所有进出个人电脑的信息都要通过防火墙。防火墙检查每条信息，阻击不符合具体安全标准的信息。

Ⅳ.保证软件及时更新

软件供应商会定期张贴应用软件和操作系统的更新。这有助于增强软件的稳定性和安全性。随着病毒不断增加，杀毒软件也定期升级。要定期查查，看看所用软件是否有最新更新——尤其是操作系统、网络浏览器和电子邮件系统的安全防护更新。

Ⅴ.不用时，断开网络

如果你的电脑不上网，就不可能受到外部攻击。因此，为尽量降低受攻击的可能性，只要可行，请断开网络，特别是通过宽带上网的。

Ⅵ.定期备份重要资料

无论是否上网，大家公认：在如可刻录（写）光盘、可刻录（写）数字化视频光盘或记忆棒等可移动盘上备份重要资料是个好习惯。如果资料的最初版本受损，通过备份很容易得以

恢复。

Ⅶ.确保计算机的物理安全

在工作环境内，你可采取以下行动，防止他人进入你的计算机系统： 1．锁好办公室，掌控对多维数据集的访问。

2．在电脑无人照看时，对屏幕保护加锁，锁住屏幕和键盘。 3．无论何时离开办公桌，哪怕一会儿，也要锁定电脑。 4．显示器远离公共视线。 Ⅷ.小心打开电子邮件和网页

如前所述，在验证文件来源前，不要打开任何未知的附件或电子邮件。如果必须打开附件，要确信：在打开文件之前，反病毒软件是最新的，实时扫描已启用——这将极大减少被病毒感染的机率。此外，网页可能想下载并安装某些东西到你的个人电脑上，比如ActiveX组件——要小心这些组件，因为来历不明的组件可能含有恶意代码。

9.3.2 Key to Exercises :

I. Tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

( F ) 1. An unbreakable password of a computer means that security of the computer is not

likely to be broken into.

( T ) 2. Keeping antivirus software updated is a good way to cope with viruses that have been

developing and changing.

( F ) 3. If your computer is installed with the latest firewall and antivirus software, it is not

necessary to disconnect the computer from the Internet.

( F ) 4. Physical security of a computer means that do not let anybody except you touch your

computer.

( T ) 5. If the components are thought to come from an unknown source in web pages, do not

download them.

II. Match the words or expressions in the left column with the Chinese equivalents in the

right column.

1. phishing A. 加密通道 2. adware B. 磁盘镜像 3. subnet mask C. 系统崩溃 4. network monitor software D. 入侵者 5. local security E. 广告软件 6. backup browser F. 子网掩码 7. system crash G. 后备浏览器 8. encrypted tunnel H. 网络监控软件 9. disk mirroring I. 网络钓鱼 10. intruder J. 局部安全性

1. I 2. E 3. F 4. H 5. J 6. G 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D

III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words or expressions in the box, making

changes if necessary:

response depend on

There are ways hackers attack others’ computers. Port scanning is one of the most popular reconnaissance(侦察) techniques hackers use to discover services they can ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (1). All machines connected to a LAN or connected to the Internet via a ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (2) run many services that listen to well-known and not so well-known ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (3). By port scanning the attacker finds which ports are ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (4) (i.e., being listened to by a service). ＿＿＿(5), a port scan consists of ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (6) a message to each port, one at a time. The kind of ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (7) received indicates whether the port is used and can therefore ＿＿＿＿＿ (8) further for weakness. The various ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (9) in scanning are summarized below. A full understanding of these ＿＿＿＿＿ (10) understanding IP filtering and other firewall techniques.

1. break into 2. modem 3. ports 4. available 5. essentially 6. sending 7. response 8. be probed 9. techniques 10. depends on

IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese

1. If your computer is operating slowly and seems to be crashing, report it at once to your IT

department.

如果你的计算机运行缓慢，似乎要崩溃，要立即将此情况向所在的IT部门汇报。

2. All the operating systems now honor the tradition of permitting that only the super users open

the ports numbered 0 to 1023.

如今所有操作系统遵循传统，仅允许超级用户打开从0到1023号端口。

3. The spyware sends your personal information to a third party without your permission or

knowledge.

间谍软件在未经你许可或知道的情况下，将你的个人信息发往第三方。 4. The information stolen from your computer may include information about web sites you visit

or something more sensitive like your user name and password.

你电脑的失窃资料可能包括你访问网站的信息或如你的用户名、密码等更为敏感的信息。 5. The firewall is usually the first line of defense for preventing intrusion and defending against

viruses, worms, Trojan horses.

防火墙常是防止入侵、抵御病毒、蠕虫病毒和特洛伊木马的第一道防线。

9.4.1 Translation of the text：

伊万诺夫，一位“被黑掉”的黑客

伊万诺夫，一位来自俄罗斯车里雅宾斯克市的17岁少年，在1997那年仅出于好玩，侵入当地一位互联网服务提供商的服务器，下载了含有用户名和密码的数据库。这是他的首次黑客经历。然后，他加入了一个乐意挑战更高难度的黑客团伙。在那家网址为tech.net.ru的

Probe Port

technique available

break into essentially

modem send

公司里，伊万诺夫学会了“信用卡诈骗”一招——用盗取的信用卡网上购物。

他们用信用卡首先网上订购亚马逊网站或巴诺网上书店的书籍和光盘。为避免受怀疑，黑客团伙总是将货物邮寄到邻国哈萨克斯坦的城市，在那里他们雇用年轻妇女领取邮包。

他们也开始侵入任何有可乘之机的网站。对俄罗斯人而言，每次入侵意味着新挑战，在大多数情况下，意味着新胜利。他们正攻溃一套系统，正战胜所在国最精明的网络安全高手，而这些高手们自认为其技术天下第一。对于黑客而言，没有什么比这更令人愉悦的。

更令俄罗斯人满足的征服是贝宝带来的，即使这次征服不是利润更丰厚的。伊万诺夫宣称是他一手策划了贝宝欺诈案。他们首先把脚本置入电子湾网站，收集贝宝客户的电邮地址。然后，伊万诺夫创建一个镜像网站，完全是贝宝网站的翻版。他使用“PayPaI”的域名（注意：该域名用的是大写“I” ，而不是小写“L”）。接着，伊万诺夫和他的同伙给贝宝客户发电邮，许诺只要往这冒牌贝宝网站上输入密码，就会得到50美元的礼品。然后，这些骗子只需悠闲坐下，便迎来了密码大丰收。

然而，如此成功的黑客经历并未让伊万诺夫感到无比满足。他揣摩如何在银行间转移资金，并成功攻陷一家网上赌场的安全防线。这帮黑客们当时每天辛苦工作长达16个小时，但付出有所值。在6个月内，他们弄到了15万美元。就这样，在乌拉尔山脉一个受污染的工业城市里，互联网给伊万诺夫勾画充满未知财富和未知挑战的美丽前景。

与此同时，伊万诺夫正为一个重大个人抉择彷徨。2000年6月，他收到美国西雅图一家名为英维特安全公司的电邮。该公司发出挑战，看他能否侵入公司的网站。伊万诺夫应战成功。这帮陌生人问他是否愿意考虑移居西雅图，并说正招募市场上的“安全人才”——这个有意模糊的词组很容易被理解为“黑客”。伊万诺夫相信，就长期而言，西雅图的这份工作比他当前做的网上欺诈更有前途。于是在11月，他登上了飞往西雅图的班机。

当扮成英维特公司员工的联邦调查局特工观看伊万诺夫和他的同伙戈尔什科夫展现他们的技术时，他们掌握的情况比这两个俄罗斯人所知道的多得多。特工们在电脑键盘上安装了“嗅探器”。俄罗斯人在进入tech.net.ru网络所敲入的用户名和密码被该设备全程记录。凭借此，联邦调查局下载到2700MB的数据作为证据。

几个月后，伊万诺夫和戈尔什科夫被逮捕，被指控共谋、计算机欺诈、黑客攻击和敲诈勒索。

两位长期战无不胜的黑客就这样被来自警界的“黑客”给“黑”掉了。 究竟谁是“黑客界”的绝顶高手？

9.4.2 Key to Exercises :

I. Tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. ( F ) 1. Ivanov had been very familiar with the “carding” before he joined a hacker group.

( T ) 2. Nothing is more rewarding for Ivanov than beating a security system that was made by

the smartest computer talents in a country.

( T ) 3. The replica of PayPal and cracking the security of an online casino brought Ivanov not

only untold challenges but also great riches.

( T ) 4. The invitation made by Invita Security to Ivanov was a trap of FBI.

( F ) 5. The reason why Ivanov and Gorshkov were arrested was they were betrayed by their

company.

II. Match the words or expressions in the left column with the Chinese equivalents in the

right column.

1. administrator account A. 网购 2. access control list B. 强口令 3. default share C. 独立服务器 4. data-driven attack D. 访问控制列表 5. logon E. 管理员帐号 6. mirror site F. 缺省共享 7. strong password G. 数据驱动攻击 8. hub H. 登录 9. net purchase I. 镜像站点 10. standalone server J. 集线器

1. E 2. D 3. F 4. G 5. H 6. I 7. B 8. J 9.A 10. C

III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words or expressions in the box, making changes if necessary:

hack however

DOS here means Denial Of Service (拒绝服务).Its attack consists of ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (1) the server so that it is unable to fulfill requests. This can lead to other users being unable to ＿＿＿(2) it or even to crashing the machine.

Then there is DDOS attack, which is even ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (3) if it is done correctly. DDOS stands for Distributed Denial Of Service (分布式拒绝服务). In this type of attack, many machines, which often are ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (4) or virus infected computers without owners actually knowing it, are used to send the overloading ＿＿＿＿＿ (5). This can obviously ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (6) something much more damaging than a simple DOS attack.

You can defend against a DOS attack by not ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (7) too many requests in short time from one computer. ＿＿＿＿＿ (8), defending against a DDOS attack is very difficult if not impossible. You can simply ＿＿＿＿＿ (9) requests that the server is unable to answer, but

allow overload

handle request

drop dangerous

lead to access

this harms innocent users who are trying to access your server. Or, of course, you can get some kind of super-server that will ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (10) almost any amount of requests, but that takes a lot of money.

1. overloading 2. access 3. more dangerous 4. hacked 5. requests 6. lead to 7. allowing 8. However 9. drop 10. handle

IV. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.

1. Macro viruses are embedded in data files, such as files produced by Microsoft Office.

宏病毒嵌入数据文件，如由微软Office软件生成的文件。

2. Sometimes, users’ overconfidence plays an important role in allowing networks to be intruded

upon.

有时，用户的过度自信对网络被入侵负有重要责任。

3. As more and more people become “wired”, an increasing number of people need to

understand the basics of security in a networked world. 随着越来越多的人“触网”，越来越多的人需要了解网络安全常识。

4. 90% of security safeguards rely on the computer user to adhere to good computing practices.

90%安全保护措施依赖于计算机用户遵守正确的操作行为。

5. Remember that information and passwords sent via standard, unencrypted wireless are

especially easy for hackers to intercept.

请记住，用标准、未加密的无线方式传送信息和密码，特别容易被黑客截获。

this harms innocent users who are trying to access your server. Or, of course, you can get some kind of super-server that will ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (10) almost any amount of requests, but that takes a lot of money.

1. overloading 2. access 3. more dangerous 4. hacked 5. requests 6. lead to 7. allowing 8. However 9. drop 10. handle

IV. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.

1. Macro viruses are embedded in data files, such as files produced by Microsoft Office.

宏病毒嵌入数据文件，如由微软Office软件生成的文件。

2. Sometimes, users’ overconfidence plays an important role in allowing networks to be intruded

upon.

有时，用户的过度自信对网络被入侵负有重要责任。

3. As more and more people become “wired”, an increasing number of people need to

understand the basics of security in a networked world. 随着越来越多的人“触网”，越来越多的人需要了解网络安全常识。

4. 90% of security safeguards rely on the computer user to adhere to good computing practices.

90%安全保护措施依赖于计算机用户遵守正确的操作行为。

5. Remember that information and passwords sent via standard, unencrypted wireless are

especially easy for hackers to intercept.

请记住，用标准、未加密的无线方式传送信息和密码，特别容易被黑客截获。

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