(备考词汇专攻)2015届中考英语小复习 41-50(10份10组专题)

（备考词汇专攻）2015届中考英语小复习 41-50（10份10组专题）

§41 arise/ rise

Ⅰ. rise “升起、起来”它表“起床”的意义时比get up 正式，但不如get up 常用。如：

①The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

②The Chinese people have risen to their feet. 中国人民站起来了。

③He rises very early. 他起床很早。

Ⅱ. arise “出现、发生”。它虽然可表“升起、起来、起床等意思，但现在一般不用于此义，特别是在口语中。如：

① A new problem has arisen.出现了一个新的问题。

②How did the quarrel arise?争吵是怎样发生的？

§42 arms/ weapon

Ⅰ. arms (pl) “武器”着重指用于战争的具体的武器，如枪、炮等。如：

①The black people there have taken up arms to defend themselves. 那里的黑人已

拿起武器自卫。

②The soldiers had plenty of arms and ammunition! 士兵们有充足的武器和弹药。

③Lay down your arms! 放下（你们的）武器！

Ⅰ. weapon “武器”单、复数形式都用。它意义比arms 广泛，除指用于战争的各种武器之外，还指虽然不是为战争而制造，但可以用作进攻或防守的器具。如：槌、石子等。此外，weapon 还可以用于借喻。如：

①The atom bomb is a weapon of mass slaughter. 原子弹是一种大规模屠杀的武器。

②Look to your weapons.当心你的武器。

③ A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 外国语是人生斗争的

一种武器。

§43 around/ round

Ⅰ. around 与 round 都可以用着前置词和副词。

Ⅱ. around “在……周围”“在周围”“循环地”。表静止的位置。如：

①They sat around the table. 他们围绕桌子坐着。

②I found nobody around.我发现周围没有一个人。

Ⅲ. round “环绕……周围、循环地”表一种活动的状况。如：

①The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

② A wheel goes round.轮子旋转着。

[注]：这两个词现在可以通用，只是around 多用于美国，round多用于英国。

§44 arrive/ reach/ get to

Ⅰ. arrive, reach, get to 均有“到达”之意，意义基本相同，但arrive(in)/(at) 与reach, 是正式用语，get to 是通俗用词，常用于口语。

Ⅱ. arrive 是不及物动词，表到达什么地点时，后面应接前置词in或at, 一般说，到达一个大地方常用in, 到达较小的地方常用at, 但这不绝对的。（与地点副词连用时当然不用任何前置词）如：

①He arrived in Beijing yesterday.

②When he arriv ed at the stop, the bus had left.

Ⅲ. reach 是及物动词，后面直接跟表地点的名词。如：

When does the train reach London?

Ⅳ. get to 只是较口语化。接地点副词时不用to. 如：

①He got to the shop at 5:00 o’clock this afternoon.

②When I got there, the film had been on for 5 minutes.

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§45 article/ essay/ composition

Ⅰ. article “文章、论文”通常指记叙文或论文。如：

①The article explains how the machine works. 这篇文章说明了这部机器怎样开动的

道理。

②There is an article on education in the paper. 报纸上有一篇论教育的文章。Ⅱ. essay “文章、论文”通常指文学上散文、随笔、杂文等；也指学术性论文。如：

①We shall read Lu Xun’s essays . 我们将读鲁迅的杂文。

②Can you write an essay in English? 你能用英文写一篇论文吗？

Ⅲ. composition “写作、作文”。尤指学习语文者为练习写作而做的作文。如：

①He is learning composition. 他在学习写作。

②The students were required to w rite a composition in English. 要学生写一篇英

语作文。

§46 as soon as/ as early as/ as quickly as

Ⅰ. 这三个词都有“尽快、尽早”之意。

Ⅱ. as soon as 侧重于“极短时间内”。还表示“一……就……”之意，引导状语从句。如：①I’ll return it as soon as I can.我将尽快地把它还给你。

Ⅲ. as early as 侧重于一天中的早晨或在限定的时间内再早点，以便能达到预期的目的。如：

①You should arrive there as early as you can. 你应尽早到达那里。

Ⅳ. as quickly as 表做某事的速度非常之快或动作非常之敏捷。如：

①Please read the text as quickly as you can. 请把课文尽快读一遍。

§47 as soon as/ hardly…when/ no sooner…than

Ⅰ. 三者在意义上基本相同，都有“一……就……”，“刚……就……”，但它们各有其特点。Ⅱ. as soon as 最为普通，位置灵活，可在主句前，也可在其后。且可用作多种时态。如：①As soon as I went in , Kate let out a cry of surprise. 我一进去，凯特就惊讶

地叫了一声。

②I’ll tell him as soon a s he comes back.

Ⅲ. hardly… when…的主句通常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，when有时还可换成before.如：

①He had hardly finished his homework when the light went out. 他刚写完作业灯

就灭了。

②Hardly had I come back when they began quarrelling.我一回来他们就开始吵了起

来。（hardly 提前时，句子需要倒装。）

Ⅳ. no sooner…th an…句型中， no sooner一般只置于句首，所以主句有倒装形式。如：No sooner had I known the news than I telephoned my mother. 我刚知道这个消息就打电话告诉了妈妈。

§48 as well as/ as well

Ⅰ. as well as “也”“不仅…而且”意同：not only … but also具有连词性。

①She is my friend as well as my doctor. 他不仅是我的医生，也是我的朋友。

②Small towns as well as big cities are being industrialized. 小城市与大城市

一样都在迅速实现工业化。

Ⅱ. as well “也”具有副词性。大致相当于also 或 too . 如：

He can speak Chinese as well.

§49 as/ because/ for/ since

Ⅰ. 这三个词都可以用作连词，表“原因、理由”但有区别：

Ⅱ. as “因为、既然”表示的原因或理由是明显的。语意不如because强。当理由是明显

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的，或者被认为是已知的时，则以用as 为好。如：

①As he was not well, I decided to go without him. 因为他身体不好，我决定独

自去了。

②As it was getting very late, we soon turned back. 因为已很晚了，我们很快

就回来了。

③As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租车。Ⅲ. because “因为”表直接而明确的原因或理由。即必然的困果关系。在这几个词中，它的语意最强。回答以why 引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because . 注意：because 不可以与so 连用。如：

①He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.昨天他只得呆在家里，因为

他病了。

②I di d it because they asked me to do it. 我之所以做这件事，是因为他请我做

的。

③---Ｗhy can’t you do it now? --- Because I’m too busy.

Ⅳ. since“既然”比as 较为正式，说明为人所知的原因。语气比because 稍弱。

①Since light travels faster than sound, we see lightening before we hear the

thunder.因为光比声音传播得快，所以我们先看到闪电，后听到雷声。

②Since he can’t answer the question, you’d better ask someone.既然他回答不

了这个问题，你最好问别人吧。

③Since you are busy, I’ll do it for you.既然你忙，我替你做吧。

Ⅴ. for “因为”表原因或理由时，用以说明理由，只是解释性的。在这几个词中，它的语意最弱。它少用于口语中，也不用于句首。如：

①I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝

茶，因为我有事要告诉她。

②We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors. 我们一定克服

粗枝大叶的毛病，因为粗枝大叶常常差错。

③It must have rained, for the road is wet. 一定下雨了，因为路是湿的。

④I must go now, for my sister is wai ting for me. 现在我得走了，我姐姐在等我

呢。

［注］：这几个词按语意的强弱来排，其顺序为：

because—→since—→(as)—→for

§50 as/ when/ while

这三个词都可以用作连词，表时间关系，但有区别：

Ⅰ. as “当（在）……时候”往往可与when 或while 通用，但它着重指主句和从句的动作或事情相并发生。如：

①I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 当下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。

②As he walked on, he felt himself getting more and more tired.他继续往前走的

时候，感到越来越疲乏。

Ⅱ. when “当（在）……的时候”主句和从句的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。

①It was raining when we arrived. 当我们到达的时候，正下着雨。

②Ｗhen we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在求学的时

候，每天都到图书馆去。

Ⅲ. while “当（在）……的时候”表主句的动作或事情发生在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程之中。从句通常为进行时态。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间（a period of time）,而不能指一点时间（a point of time）如上面的第一个例子。又如：

①Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候，请勿

大声讲话。

②While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the w indows.我洗地板时，你

可以擦窗户。

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