21世纪大学英语第四册课后习题答案（1-7全）

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Unit one TEXT A II

1.He defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a person makes or has made to human civilization.

2.The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication in achieving greatness.

3.Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.

4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.

5.Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.

6.The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.

7.They simply don’t devote the amount of time required. 8.The study showed that enjoying one’s work is the best form of motivation. IV

1.chat 2.acknowledge 3.motivated

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4.charcteristic

5.despite 6.influential 7.cited 8.obstacle

9.intrinsic 10.criteria 11.obsession 12.innate 13.contribution(s) 14.contemporary 15.submitted 16.morale V

1.left behind 2.rise 3.made history 4.were endowed with

5.put up with 6.going nowhere 7.ifocuses on 8.be built on

9.put in 10.come up with 11.take charge 12.set...apart VI

efficiency emergency fluency frequency proficiency tendency urgency sufficiency

1.fluency 2.proficiency 3.emergency 4.Efficiency 5.tendency 6.frequency

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VII

1.For some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time — it's that they don't have good study habits.

2.Children perform differently at school. It's not that they have different IQs — it's that they are brought up in different environments.

3.The company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't talented — it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.

4.I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with you— it's that I have to finish my paper tonight. 5.You have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad — it's probably that you have too much stress from your work. VIII

1.President Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation through an association of nations. 2.Computers don't teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their different needs.

3.We shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.

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4.He dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.

5.Teaching success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn. IX

BCBAD DCABA DABCA X

西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。”他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿?丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底??我们永远不会屈服。”

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XI

1.Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.

2.His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.

3.If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects.

4.Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.

5.After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.

6.Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting efforts.

7.Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a

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hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.

8.This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something. It's not that she is talented, it's that she focuses completely or drawing their full attention in class. unit two TEXT A II

1.He got no thanks for returning a wallet, though he deserved to. 2.He wants to show how much people need gratitude to keep up a spirit of kindness and cooperation.

3.She saved up for two years, went to Normandy in person, and gave her son's gold wristwatch to the woman.

4.He send a short recording expressing his appreciation of the author's thoughtfulness and sent it to the author.

5.A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfusion came back again and again to donate his blood anonymously so that more patients could be saved.

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6.He does it by citing W.H. Hudson's gratitude for his wife's day-to-day heroism.

7.Those people who do little things for us all year round. 8.It can make people take infinite pains with their work. 9.Gratitude is needed all the time and none of us can give too much of it. III

1.intention 2.sincere 3.glaring 4.sore 5.trace 6.render 4.denial 5.proof 9.tribute 7.conventional 11.generous 12.gratitude 13.slammed 14.agreeable IV

1.caught/took my fancy 2.a mistake on John's part 3.take for granted 4.think twice 5.saved up 6.referred to 7.boast about 8.took pains with 9.refrain from 10.something of 11.in one way or another 12.fed up V

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1.altitude 2.aptitude 3.attitude 4.longitude 5.fortitude 6.mulitiude 7.latitude 8.solitude VI

1.coordination 2.coexist 3.co-workers 4.co-owners

5.co-authored 6.Cooperation 7.Coeducation 8.copilot VII

1.no sacrifice for the education of the young was too great 2.No price is too high to pay in order to save their lives 3.cannot be too careful in performing an experiment 4.They cannot praise him too much 5.can not be overemphasized 6.cannot be overestimated VIII

BACDD BABCD BADCA IX

一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我

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的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。 X

1.He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.

2.John's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty.

3.He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it. 4.The beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught all the visitors fancy in one way or another. 5.At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area. Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.

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6.Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge it.

7.The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at improving their living conditions.

8.Though he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face. unit 3 TEXT A II

1.He changed his perspective and observed people who did not have smallpox.

2.He wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.

3.He compares the human brain to a computer and the change of one's point of view to the reprogramming of the computer. 4.It is to fight it.

5.He calls it vertical thinking.

6.He used the technique of lateral thinking.

7.The key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the

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problem head-on.

8.They should change their point of view and regard themselves as their body's keeper.

9.Very often lateral thinking yields much better results than vertical thinking.

10.It is approaching the target from a sideways point of view instead of approaching it directly. III

1.tactic 2.utmost 3.structure 4.slack 5.significance

6.head-on 7.dead end 8.erased 9.framework 10.vertical;vertical

11.ceased 12.flaw 13.implies 14.affirmed IV

1.wound up being 3.take in 5.take over 2.pulling on 4.in effect 6.ended up teaching V

1.approach 2.fought 3.cure 4.pressured 5.focus 6.approach 7.program 8.experienced

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9.switch 10.escape 11.fail 12.escaped VI

assistant accountant servant dependant attendant contestant defendant consultant inhabitant occupant 1.attendant 2.servant 3.consultans 4.contestant 5.accountant

6.occupants 7.assistant 8.inhabitants 9.dependants 10.defendant VII 1.of use

2.of great importance

3.of great/critical/extreme significance 4.of little value 5.of marked benefit 6.of invaluable help VIII

1. should have told me at once2. 2.should have told me beforehand3.

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3.should have left the company long ago 4. never should have happened 5. should have left thirty minutes ago 6. should have phoned IX

CDBDA BBDBB CABDC X

一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。德?博诺医生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。横向思维，德?博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏，用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。

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XI

1.Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.

2.Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.

3.The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.

4.While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion. 5.Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab. 6.Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on. If he does not stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.

7.There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting. Why don't you erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit? 8.John should have given up smoking a long time ago. After all,

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health is of the utmost importance to everybody. unit 4 TEXT A II

1.The IQs among the students were within the normal range. 2.The study showed that a teacher's positive view and high expectations of students convinces them that they are gifted and enables them to do better than average work.

3.She did not see this as evidence that the student was not bright or capable, but rather viewed it as one day抯 poor performance, an exception to a normally good pattern of work.

4.It is hard to describe exactly, but her tone was assured and she did not express any negative qualities such as irony, putdowns and/or irritation.

5.This shows that positive expectation can be effective even on mice, who do not, of course, understand human language. 6.Labeling means thinking of people in terms of the general prejudices which we have about their nationality, their race, or their gender, rather than thinking of them as individuals.

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7.Labels define a broad, heterogenerous group too specifically. They are usually prejudicial, non-inclusive, and often racist or sexist.

8.This example shows how labeling can create a sense of guilt in a person who does not do what is expected, even when he follows his talents and is quite successful. IV 1.breed

2.accordingly

3.racial

4.homogeneous

5.inclusive 6.welfare 7.deceiving 8.irritation 9.variables 12.verbal

13.readily 14.indifference 15.certainty;certainty 16.superior V

1.in terms of 2.due to 3.measures/lives up to 4.as often as not

10.uncover

11.irony

5.consisted of 6.go through with 7.in reality

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8.in part VI

1.unfolded 2.unpacked 3.undo 4.unbend 5.unfastende 6.unload 7.undressing 8.unlocked VII

1.transmit 2.transforming;transferring 3.transcribed 4.transplanting 5.transfer 6.transparent VIII

1.AS the example in the text makes clear

2.As i mentioned earlier / As(was) mentioned earlier 3.As is known all

4.as (is) agreed on in the contract 5.as had been originally planned IX

1.They would rather overwork themselves to make life better for our sake than spend their hard-earned money on themselves 2.would rather read a best-seller than chat with others

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3.would rather confine yourself in the library than go out to meet and talk with local people

4.would rather give up my short-term interest than let it slip away

5.would rather not tell our parents what抯 in our minds than sit down and communicate with them like friends X

BDADB ACADA BBACB XI

某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事。当这种情况发生时，那个学生面对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒。相反，老师认为这是一次例外，一件偶然的事情，倒霉的一天，一次暂时的失误——而学生相信了她，并消除了疑虑。下一次，他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。很难精确地确定老师传达的信息：“我期待着最好的成绩，”中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子。它的一部分包括显示信心的平和语调，言语上的耐心，及没有讽刺、贬低和恼怒等消极因素。期待着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问，因为她知道她得到的答案将是正确的，而孩子也感受到了那种信心。

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XII

1.Schools should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of students' exam results and treating them accordingly. Instead, a good educational system should enable every student to measure up to good standards as well-rounded people. 2.As often as not, when college students have questions after class, their teachers are not readily available except during office hours. This is due to teachers' busy academic research, rather than their indifference to the students.

3.This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled average in terms of English level. But as this teacher has never shown any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.

4.Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the United States, due in part to the diversity of students' racial background and the complexity of educational technologies that require additional training.

5.The English are, as often as not, labeled conservative. Obviously this label is prejudiced. In reality, Britain is not very different from other European countries in terms of national

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characteristics. The British are polite, neat, orderly and confident.

6.Some young people grow up with a strong desire for independence. They would rather try hard to go through life on their own than turn to their parents for help with a sense of guilt.

7.Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly and mustn抰 deceive him or talk about his setbacks with irony(ironically).

8.The neighbors' irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they made. However, because of reassurances that they would stop working at night, they went through with the decoration of this apartment.

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Unit 5 Ⅳ

1.emulated 2.requesting 3.succeeding 4.miniature 5.inevitable 6.sizable 7.practically 8.outraged 9.craving 10.maximum maximum 11.afflicts 12.ignorance 13.intense 14.intervals 15.correspondence Ⅴ

1. take change of 2. get hold of 3.who live of 4. smile upon/on 5.adjust to 6.reflect upon 7.in person 8.due to 9.along with 10.picking up 11.checked out 12.stuck out Ⅵ

1.indoor 2.influx 3.inhaled 4.input 5.inqure 6.insights 7.immigrated 8.implanted 9.impressed 10.imperiled 11.imports 12.including Ⅶ.

1. you might as well tell me the whole story 2. I think we might as well buy this computer 3. I might as well be talking to be a brick wall 4. we might as well have stayed at home

5. I might as well sell the farm and try and find a happy life somewhere else Ⅷ

1. with 2.at 3.on/about 4.on 5.with Ⅸ

1. I’m curious about anything you may mention 2. Some of us like this film

3. No matter how old we are, we still can and should learn new things.

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4. Jefferson would only accept other people’s opinions after considering them carefully.

5. Dr.Heines took care of every person in the village.

6. the government lawyers tried their best to stop AT & T from controlling the market. Ⅹ ACBDC ADBBA DCBBA

Ⅻ

1.正如你可以想像到的，阅读为我打开了一个新的天地并永远改变了我的人生道路。

As you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me and changed forever the course of my life.

2.他从童年起就对书籍表现出一种非常强烈的兴趣。他对书籍如此迷恋，以致从不让一天过去而不进行一些阅读。

He had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books since childhood. So fascinated with books was he that he never let a day pass without doing some reading.

3.他每次乘地铁上下班身边都有一本想读的书。他就这样在过去三年中读了近一百本书。

Every time he takes the subway to and from work, he has with him a book that he wants to read. That is the way he has read nearly a hundred books in the past three years.

4.他读中学时常在自己的房间里读书至深夜。每次听到母亲走近的脚步声，他便关掉灯假装睡着。而母亲一走过去，他便打开灯，重又读起来。

When he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the night in his own room. Each time he heard the approaching footsteps of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep. But as soon as his mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading again.

5.几乎没有什么关于中国的东西是他不感到好奇的。为了满足自己的好奇心他已决定亲自到那儿去尽量多看一些。

There is hardly anything about China he's not curious about. And to satisfy his curiosity he has decided to go there in person to see as much as he can.

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6.我不知道是什么使得你儿子羡慕那位流行歌手并试图事事模仿他的。你还是问问他本人好了。

I don't know/ I have little/no idea what made your son envy that pop singer and try to emulate him in everything. You might as well ask him in person.

7.他从图书馆一借到那本书就在走廊的灯光下飞快地把它翻了一遍。

As soon as he checked out the book from the library, he thumbed through its pages by the corridor light.

8.我认为没有哪个人在农村学到的比我更多。实际上，农村的三年使我比进某个大学学习得更深入细致。

I don't think anybody ever learned more in the countryside than I did. In fact, those three years in the countryside enabled me to study far intensively than I would have if I had attended some college.

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