2020年 英语中考特训方案 考点精讲 (45)

题型四阅读理解

毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势

阅读技能是学生综合语言能力的一个重要方面，也是初中学业考试的重点。

毕节市近五年中考英语阅读理解部分的体裁及话题如下：

2019年A篇是广告图表，内容是关于学生培训中心的四个学习项目。广告图表类是毕节中考近几年第一次出现；B篇是记叙文，通过讲述罗伯特和父亲之间的事告诉我们要勇于向他人求助；C篇是应用文，讲述的是马

丁认为互联网是最伟大的发明；D篇(七选五)为说明文，讲述的是如何在火灾中逃生。

2018年A篇和B篇都是记叙文，A篇讲述了一个关于邻居间相处的故事；B篇讲述了特朗普的外孙女对中国

文化的喜爱；C篇为说明文，话题是关于学生的心理问题；D篇(七选五)为记叙文，分享了一件旅途中作者误食狗

粮的趣事。

2017年A篇和B篇都是说明文，A篇话题是关于如何提高英语水平；B篇话题是关于不能喝能量饮料的原

因；C篇为记叙文，讲述作者通过一次自助活动，学会应该接受而不是抱怨这样一个道理；D篇(七选五)为寓言故

事，揭示了要学会谦让的道理。

2016年A篇为说明文，介绍了电影《夏洛特烦恼》(Goodbye Mr.Loser)；B篇为议论文，话题是关于中国人是

否应该庆祝圣诞节；C篇为说明文，介绍了单词mouth的相关英语表达；D篇(七选五)为记叙文，是一则寓言故

事，揭示了要学会感恩的道理。

2015年A篇为记叙文，话题是关于教育引导；B篇为说明文，介绍了中美文化的差异；C篇判断正误，为议论文，话题是关于上海是否应该申办2028年夏季奥运会；任务型阅读是一篇记叙文，通过讲述一个故事，揭示做人要诚实的道理。

解题方法与技巧

选择答案

阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式。主要考查学生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解常见的考查方式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、观点态度题等。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：

1．通读全文，了解文章大意。

首先要通读全文，抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句，快速获知文章的主旨大意，理清文章的结构脉络。

2．审读问题，带着问题找答案。

读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定句子的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子与段落，依据短文内容对试题所给出的句子进行判断。

3．复读文章，检查答案的正确性。

完成答题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认知识别。

Mr.Ma，a famous mental doctor from Beijing once said at an important meeting，“Now many young students can have problems with their minds.Some students become worried because they have to study very hard.Others have trouble getting on well with people around them like their parents and classmates.Parents and teachers should care more about this mental problem.”

Then Mr.Ma gave some examples.One patient，a middle school student from Xi'an was doing badly in his lessons.He thought his teachers and friends often laughed at him，and he became so nervous and worried that one night he left his home without telling his parents.Another student，a 14yearold schoolgirl from Shanghai，was very afraid of exams.While she was reading the exam paper，she couldn't think of anything to write.

A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of young students in Shanghai have mental__problems．They often feel worried and very unhappy.Unluckily many of them won't go and ask for help.Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor.Others won't talk about their secrets.

At the end of the meeting，Mr.Ma offered some good ideas to young people:

● Talk to your parents or teachers often.

● Take part in group activities.

● Try to get on well with the people around you.

● Go to see a doctor if you often feel unhappy.

()1.The schoolgirl's problem happened whenever she ________.

A．studied very hard

B．had exams

C．talked with her parents

D．went to school

()2.Why do students often have trouble getting on with others?

A．They may have no parents.

B．They may have poor memories.

C．They may have no secrets.

D．They may have mental problems.

()3.The underlined words “mental problems” in this passage mean________.

A．difficult things

B．strange mind

C．something wrong with mind

D．great thought

()4.Some of those with mental problems won't ask for help because ________.

A．they don't want to tell their secrets to others

B．their parents are too busy to look after them

C．doctors can't help them with the problems

D．they don't have time to ask anyone for help

()5.According to Ma's ideas，which of the following is TRUE?

A．It's good for kids to have more group activities.

B．It's helpful for you to see doctors every day.

C．It's useful for students to keep quiet in class.

D．We can only go to the doctor when we are ill.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生存在的心理问题并给出了相关建议。

1．B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这名女学生的问题就出现了，每当她________。A项：努力学习；B 项：有考试；C项：和她的父母交谈；D项：去上学。根据第二段最后一句可知这名女学生在考试时，问题就会出现。故选B。

2．D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么学生总是难以与他人相处？A项：他们可能没有父母；B项：他们可能记忆力差；C项：他们可能没有秘密；D项：他们可能有心理问题。根据第一段第一句可知，学生之所以总是难以与他人相处是因为心理问题。故选D。

3．C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：画线单词“mental problems”在文中的意思是________。A项：困难的事情；B项：奇怪的想法；C项：心理有问题；D项：伟大的想法。根据画线单词所在句子及文中第一段最后一句的前后语境，可推测mental problems是指something wrong with mind。故选C。

4．A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：那些有心理问题的(学生)不去寻求帮助是因为________。A项：他们不想把他们的秘密告诉其他人；B项：他们的父母太忙了不能照顾他们；C项：医生不能给予他们心理帮助；D

项：他们没有时间向他人寻求帮助。根据第三段内容可知他们是不想谈论自己的秘密。故选A。

5．A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据马医生的建议，下面哪一项是正确的？A项：参加更多的团体活动对孩子有利；B项：每天看医生对你有帮助；C项：在课堂上保持安静对学生有用；D项：只有当我们生病的时候，我们才能去看医生。根据文章最后一段的四点建议可知，B、D项表述不符合原文，C项文章未提到，只有A项表述符合原文。故选A。

(2019铜仁中考)

Scrapbooking is a hobby. It was popular for more than 500 years. People called it a friendship book. They kept pictures, letters, poems and other things they wanted to remember.

Today people collect many things in scrapbooks. Some people have funny collections, like the world's most awkward ideas or pictures of the world's most ugly dogs. Other people may collect stories about the bad weather.

It is easy to get started. First, you should decide what you want to collect. Start with just one idea. Next, you will need a book with background paper, scissors and glue. You need the scissors to cut out the pictures or stories. You need the glue to stick them to the background paper.

You can be busy and collect many things or lazy and collect few things. It'll be lots of fun to make your scrapbook and you can share it with your friends.

(C)1. How long was scrapbooking popular?

A．Less than 500 years.

B．500 years.

C．Over 500 years.

D．More than 550 years.

(B)2. What is the Chinese meaning of t he underlined word “awkward”？

A．聪明的B．愚蠢的

C．美妙的D．残疾的

(C)3. How many items(物品) are mentioned to make a scrapbook?

A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.

(D)4. To make a scrapbook, what do you need first?

A．Glue. B．Scissors.

C．A book. D．An idea.

(A)5. What's the best title of the passage?

A．Scrapbooking

B．The History of Scrapbooking

C．What Is a Scrapbook?

D．How to Make a Scrapbook

还原短文(七选五)

还原短文(七选五)是毕节从2016年起中考新增的题型，2016、2017年话题均为寓言故事，2018年为一篇记叙

文，2019年为说明文。设空位置在段首、段中和段尾均有涉及；答案选项一般为陈述句，干扰项中陈述句居多，疑问句少量涉及。

该题型要求学生根据文章的结构、逻辑、上下文的内容选出相应的五句话填入空白处将文章补充完整。主要考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：1．通读全文。对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。

在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。

2．详读段落。在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。

文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据文章写作主题展开，对文章主题进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为试题的解决做好铺垫。

3．定位选项。明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，将选项填入文中。

在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索，使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。

4．通读复检。将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。

在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。

要特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定之前的选择，否则不要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力，动了脑筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。

5．研究排除多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。

One day，while my friend and I were traveling through Germany，we were very hungry but we didn't have a lot of money.__1__ I chose some cookies and went to the front counter to pay.Near the counter I saw some packaged(包装好的)

cookies in a large box.__2__ I decided to take them instead so that we could save money.

__3__ We found a quiet place under a tree and we ate our sandwiches first，and then the cookies.We thought they were great.

“Let's get these again，”I said.“__4__”

My friend can read some German，but I can't，so I gave her the package in order that she could look for the brand(品牌) name.__5__

“Why are you laughing？”I asked.

“Because they're dog biscuits！”she said.

A．We left the store and looked for a place where we could eat.

B．She looked at it and then started to laugh.

C．We decided to stop at a small store to get some food.

D．They're cheap and they really taste good.

E．More and more people will go there.

F．She liked Germany very much.

G．They looked good and were a lot cheaper than the ones I had in my hand.【主旨大意】这篇短文主要讲述了旅途中发生的一件趣事：作者和朋友途经德国时，因为没有太多的钱，在商店买了更便宜的饼干。当作者吃完准备再买一些时，却被朋友发现那是小狗吃的饼干。

1．C【解析】根据前文“we were very hungry”及后文“I chose some cookies and went to the front counter to pay.”可知作者去了商店买食物。故选C。

2．G【解析】根据前文“ I saw some packaged cookies”及后文“I decided to take them instead so that we could save money.”可知这些饼干肯定比其他的要便宜。故选G。

3．A【解析】根据后文“We found a quiet place under a tree and we ate our sandwiches first…”可知作者去找可以吃东西的地方。故选A。

4．D【解析】根据上文“Let's get these again”可推断作者应该是觉得刚才吃过的饼干很好吃，所以才会要再去买一些。故选D。

5．B【解析】根据后文“Why are you laughing？”可知前文朋友应该在笑。故选B。

(2019柳州中考)

Sleep plays an important role in brain(大脑) development. Children should get enough sleep.

1．__B__ A study says that because of being short of sleep, it is much harder for children to do something carefully. And also they become forgetful and easy to make mistakes. Another study shows that the right amount of nighttime sleep is just as important for children's development as healthy eating and taking exercise.

2．__C__ In general a younger child needs more sleep than an older one. Children at the age of 5—11 will need 10—12 hours of sleep a night while children at the age of more than 11 will need less hours.

In fact, many parents don't know how to help their children get enough sleep. Here is something you can do. For children at the age of 5—11, a 30—40 minutes' routine(常规) before sleep is helpful. 3.__E__ In the activities, children relax and enjoy themselves a lot, and they will go to sleep more easily.

Children at the age of more than 11 may go to bed late in the evening, talking with friends online, playing games or

watching TV. 4.__D__ And even they will be tired during the day. So limit(限制) your children's use of the Internet, games

and the TV before they go to bed. 5.__G__

A．If not, many problems will come to them.

B．Why does a child need so much sleep?

C．How many hours of sleep is enough for a child?

D．So they will find it difficult to get up in the next morning.

E．It includes a bath, reading a story together and so on.

F．Taking exercise is as important as enough sleep for children.

G．And don't allow them to have a computer or TV set in their bedroom.

2020备考猜押

(1)教室里的虚拟现实

Imagine flying through space, diving deep under the sea, and traveling around the world. With virtual reality(虚拟现实)(VR)，students don't need to imagine it. They can experience it without leaving their classroom.

Google is creating VR for students. It started Google Expeditions in 2015. Ben Schrom, Google Expeditions' product manager, visits schools to teach students and teachers how to use the technology. “I've never seen anything like it in classrooms，”Schrom said. “When we've come back weeks and months later, we still see the same excitement.”

In VR, a user wears a headphone connected to a computer or mobile device(设备) to experience a 3D setting. The user

can move around in the space. Scenes and sounds seem real.

Katelyn Flanagan, 12, goes to a school in New Jersey. She tried a Google Expedition about space. She used VR to jump on the moon and visit Jupiter and Mars. “It was so cool and so lifelike，” she says.

Monica Crudele teaches the third grade at the same school. “Some students were nervous，” Crudele said. “They thought they were going to get dizzy(眩晕的). But they loved it.”

According to a survey of 203 schools, nearly 7 in 10 think highly of VR in the classroom. Of those who do not have VR in their school, almost half say they are very interested in using it in the future.

(C )1. Google Expeditions was started________.

A．ten years ago

B．by Ben Schrom

C．as a VR teaching tool

D．along with a mobile device

(B )2. What can we learn about Katelyn Flanagan's VR experience?

A．She thinks it is boring.

B．She likes it very much.

C．She doesn't care about it.

D．She thinks it hurts her eyes.

(C )3. What does Monica Crudele do?

A．A doctor.

B．A student.

C．A school teacher.

D．A Google worker.

(C )4. In the survey，about________ schools are happy with VR.

A．10 B．100 C．140 D．203

(A )5.What's the best title for the passage?

A．VR in the Classroom

B．Flying Through Space

C．Creating VR

D．Real Experience

(2)克服害羞的方法

It's normal for you to feel shy and nervous when you are in the new environment. It's natural to feel nervous or shy in front of others at times. If you think you are too shy and want to be a little more active, try the following advice.

1．__D__ There is no need to hide it. When people get to know you are a shy person, they may understand you better. It will also help you feel easier in talks.

2．__C__ When you smile, people will think you're friendly and want to talk with you. Remember that all people have feelings and most people will stay away from an angrylooking face.

You shouldn't keep quiet at a party all the time. If you find it hard to start a talk, you can say something nice about people around you. 3.__G__ It must be very helpful for you to start a talk! And after you begin to talk to someone or smile at someone for the first time, remember to say“I did it！” to yourself.

4．__E__ Think about more ways to enjoy the party and have fun. Don't waste time worrying about your look or whether all people like you or not.

If you keep trying the advice, you may not be shy in the new environment one day. 5.__B__

A．Don't go to parties often.

B．I believe you can do it!

C．Try to smile often.

D．Tell people you're shy.

E．Pay your attention to important things.

F．You can keep it to yourself.

G．Imagine how great you feel when someone says something nice to you..

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