国外钢结构标准(英文全文)

September 2001

Notes on Design of Steel Parking Structures-Including Seismic Effects

By Lanny J. Flynn and Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl

This report presents information and tips on the design and construction of steel parking structures including information related to seismic behavior and design of such parking structures. Steel parking structures have been used throughout the world particularly in seismic regions such as Japan. This report is prepared to provide the state of the art knowledge of design of steel parking structures in general and particularly design of such structures in seismic regions. First, a summary of issues related to design of parking structures is provided. Then issues specific to design of steel parking structures such as design of deck systems, painting information, and fire resistance are discussed. Finally, notes on seismic design of steel parking structure are presented.

First Printing, September 2001,

COPYRIGHT ? 2001 by Lanny J. Flynn and Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl. All rights reserved.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Lanny J. Flynn, P.E., S.E., Principal and Vice President of Design Build Services, Chalker Putnam Collins & Scott, 950 Pacific Avenue, Suite 200, Tacoma, WA 98402,

Phone: (253) 383-2797, Fax: (253) 383-1557,

E-mail: l flynn@588fa06ba8956bec0975e3a5 Web page: 588fa06ba8956bec0975e3a5

______________________________________________________________________________ Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl, Ph.D., P.E., Professor, 781 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710,

Phone: (510) 642-4528, Fax: (925) 946-0903,

E-mail: astaneh@588fa06ba8956bec0975e3a5, Web page: 588fa06ba8956bec0975e3a5/~astaneh

Disclaimer: The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance

with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed

to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application

without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and

applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer or architect. The publication of the

material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the

Structural Steel Educational Council or of any other person named herein, that this

information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of

any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising

from such use.

Caution must be exercised when relying upon specifications and codes developed by others

and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from

time to time subsequent to the printing of this document. The Structural Steel Educational

Council or the authors bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and

incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this document.

“Notes on Design of Steel Parking Structures-Including Seismic Effects, ” ? L.J. Flynn and A. Astaneh-Asl, 2001, All rights reserved. 1

“Notes on Design of Steel Parking Structures-Including Seismic Effects, ” ? L.J. Flynn and A. Astaneh-Asl, 2001, All rights reserved. 2

A CKNOWLEDGMENTS

The publication of this report was made possible in part by the support of the Structural Steel Educational Council (SSEC). The authors wish to thank all SSEC members for their valuable comments. Particularly, special thanks are due to Fred Boettler, Jeff Eandi, Pat Hassett and James Putkey for their valuable and detailed review comments. Chuck Whittaker, formerly of the Skyline Steel Corporation, TRADEARBED Inc., encouraged the authors to develop this report and provided valuable information on the design and construction of steel parking structures and European practices. Professor Brady Williamson of UC-Berkeley provided valuable information, publications and comments on fire-resistance. Special thanks to Andy Johnson and John Cross of the AISC Marketing, Inc. for their valuable input on open parking structures.

The opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Chalker Putnam Collins & Scott, where the first author is a Principal and Vice President for Design-Build Services, the University of California, Berkeley where the second author is a Professor, the Structural Steel Educational Council, the American Institute of Steel Construction or other agencies and inpiduals whose names appear in this report.

NOTES ON DESIGN OF STEEL

PARKING STRUCTURES-

INCLUDING SEISMIC EFFECTS

By:

LANNY J. FLYNN, P.E., S.E.

Principal

Chalker Putnam Collins & Scott, Tacoma, Washington

And

ABOLHASSAN ASTANEH-ASL, Ph.D., P.E.

Professor

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley

____________________________________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS / Page 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS / Page 3

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION / Page 4

CHAPTER 2. PAINTING GUIDE / Page 7

CHAPTER 3. FIRE CODE REQUIREMENTS / Page 12

CHAPTER 4. SLAB DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS/ Page 14

CHAPTER 5. NOTES ON SEISMIC DESIGN / Page 24

BIBLIOGRAPHY/ Page 33

LIST OF “Steel TIPS”REPORTS ON THE WEB/ Page 38

ABOUT THE AUTHORS OF THIS REPORT / Page 39

“Notes on Design of Steel Parking Structures-Including Seismic Effects, ” ? L.J. Flynn and A. Astaneh-Asl, 2001, All rights reserved. 3

1.1. Introduction

The need for multi-story parking structures has grown considerably over the years and will continue to grow as metropolitan densities increase. There are several key issues, which need to be addressed in the design of multi-story parking structures. They are:

1. Site considerations, environmental and neighborhood impacts and traffic access

2. Number of parking spaces, car circulations, ramps and other architectural aspects

3. Security and safety

4. Structural aspects (particularly in highly seismic areas, seismic design aspects)

5. Cost and speed of construction

6. Life cycle cost of maintenance

7. Fire resistance and/or need for fireproofing.

The first three items in the above list, to great extent, are impacted by the decisions of architects. Items 4 to 6 in above list, also are impacted by architectural aspects, however, these three items are primarily impacted by the structural design and decisions made by the structural engineers. Today, structural steel provides viable systems that address the above key issues. In the past, a large percentage of parking structures throughout the country were designed and built using reinforced concrete structures. However, since 1980’s in many regions of the US including seismic areas such as California, more and more steel parking structures have been designed and built. According to Emile Troup (1989), nearly three out of every five car parks for which contracts were awarded in 1987 in New England were steel. He attributes this increase in use of steel structures in open parking structures to the fact that as a result of research and testing done in 1970’s the issue of fire-proofing of steel structures in car parks was put to rest and the use of “unprotected steel“in parking structures was accepted (Troup, 1989). Because of extensive research and testing of bare steel structures subjected to fire, the fire codes no longer have very stringent requirement for fire protection of steel car parking structures. This development, along with education and dissemination of information on viability and economy of using steel structures

in car parking, may have been instrumental in visible increase in design and construction of steel

parking structures.

“Notes on Design of Steel Parking Structures-Including Seismic Effects, ” ? L.J. Flynn and A. Astaneh-Asl, 2001, All rights reserved. 4

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