英语毕业论文-从翻译的归化和异化理论视角下看《老爸老妈的_浪漫

学号：2013025532

哈尔滨师范大学

学士学位论文

题目从翻译的归化和异化理论视角下看《老爸老妈的

浪漫史》字幕翻译

学生姜福东

指导教师张强讲师

年级2013级5班

专业英语教育

系别英语教育系

学院西语学院

GRADUATION PAPER FOR BACHELOR DEGREE HARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITY

TITLE: On The Subtitle of How I Met Your

Mother From The Domestication and Foreignization Theory

STUDENT: Jiang Fudong

TUTOR: Zhang Qiang（Lect.）

GRADE: Grade 2013

MAJOR: English Education

DEPARTMENT: English Education Department

COLLEGE: Faculty of Western Languages

and Literatures

May, 2017

HARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITY

On The Subtitle of How I Met Your Mother From The Domestication and Foreignization Theory

Jiang Fu-dong

Abstract: Domestication and foreignization are two translation strategies to deal with language form and culture factors. It is further extensions of free translation and literal translation. American TV series How I Met Your Mother is a classic and popular American sitcom in China. The story of this sitcom is funny and attractive. The lines in this sitcom are the highlight of it. When the translators are in the process of translation, on the one hand, translators have to find out the meaning of original text. On the other hand, translators have to fully base on the cognitive context and make a proper processing to the original text, and deliver the meaning to the audience. This paper bases on the domestication and foreignization theory and it designes to explore the applicability and guidance of translation of How I Met Your Mother.

Key Words: translation；domestication；foreignization

1.Introduction

1.1 Background

In recent years, China's external exchanges become more and more frequent, and accompanied with the great development of foreign language TV series and film in Chinese market. Especially American sitcom is full of unique American humor, and the humanities mood and thinking concept has inspired watching passion of Chinese audience. Meanwhile, with the development of modern information technologies and subtitling, once dubbed film gradually was replaced by original films. This form of simple convenience and enable acoustic effect is accepted and loved by Chinese audiences soon. With the increase and the expansion of the scope of acceptance, film subtitling also highlights the importance that use objective and reasonable theory of translation subtitling practice is imperative. Television subtitling can be considered as a communication between the film producer and target language audience. And relevance translation theory is the process as verbal communication relating to the reasoning of the human brain. This paper shows a case study of American TV series How I Met Your Mother, in the analysis from the perspective of relevance translation theory subtitles of the film taken by domestication and foreignization strategies, and it designed to explore the explanation and positive influence of the relevance translation theory.

1.2How I Met Your Mother

A comedy starring by Greenberg, Josh Radnor, Jason Segel, Neil Patrick Harris, Alyson Hannigan, etc., premiered on September 19, 2005, on the CBS television network. This is a story about Ted Mosby began to tell his children that his process of how to meet with their mother in 2030.

How I Met Your Mother uses Ted`s tone to tell a very long story to their children

in 2030. The story started in 2005, the main line of the story is that Ted (Josh Radnor) looking for a life partner and his love stories and life experiences in this process.

One of a supplement lines is the love and married life of Marshall (Jason Segel) and Lily (Alyson Hannigan), tells the story about two people from love to marriage, facing the choice and conflict of life, the loss of family member, unemployment and other setbacks , two of them become stronger and more optimistic.

Suit addiction, and debauchery, and fear to commitment`s Barney (Neil Patrick Harris) and willing to give up love for her career, and fear to marriage, and yearning for free`s Robin (Cobie Smulders) as the other supplement line. Young Barney grew up in a single parent family of incomplete and abandoned by his first girlfriend, and these influenced his life, but with mature, and father`s back by prodigal change for settled family life of great father`s effect, and it slowly changes his bad habits, and stabilization of the courage to take on the responsibilities of life. And this also affects Robin. Their own strong domineering, independent personality developed, and gradually changing ideas in a series of love experience, willing to sacrifice for love, yearning for a strong and lasting love.

When Ted`s THE ONE appeared, and Marshall and Lily how to become mature in their marriage life, and how to weigh between career and ideal, how to become qualified parents, Barney is how slowly changed and to marriage, and settled, Robin`s love and career whether appeared turnaround, and where to go between the emotional involvement between Barney and Ted, it`s a series suspense the drama left, and with the development of this story, unlocked one by one.

This is not only a funny sitcom, but also full of many life philosophy, and mixed with many reality factors, such as unemployment, conflict of work and ideals, pain of family loss and then gradually become more optimistic, and so on, so there is no lack of warmth, touch and educational.

2.Chinese Subtitle Translation Status

Subtitle group, Chinese means 字幕组, just as literal meaning, subtitle group is composed of fans because of their personal interests, and subtitle group is not for profit, lovers make subtitles just because of their love for some TV series, however, not excluded a few of subtitle groups, for personal gain, and collaborating with the piracy industry with subtitles for sell for profit, of course the profit is the illegal profit.

In China, the origin of the subtitle group is because with the popularity of the Internet in China, Internet users aware that many outstanding drama, animation, movies are from Europe and the United States, Japan and South Korea's works, and shall have the right to introduce programs, film and television institutions such as CCTV, general introduction of foreign outstanding works is very slow, involving the relevant examination and approval procedures are complex, and the average level of foreign language of Chinese people is just general, subtitle group was born.

The rapid development of modern industry, the world's film full of our spiritual world, our country's film and television also spread to the countries all over the world. With good subtitle translation can let people around the world to appreciate the charm

of the original audience without any cultural barriers. But these high quality foreign works are still mixed with some not too perfect film and television works. The film is to understand the meaning of the original text can't accurately express the original cultural connotation. The basic task of the subtitle translation is to serve the audience, it is just a part of the whole film industry, film can screen meet with the audience, there are hundreds of millions of workers pay the hard work and effort, the translator has to take their full responsibility and obligation of reduction to the audience. Subtitle is the entertainment. Domestication strategy is given prior to, translation speed development trend.

3.Relevance Theory of Translation

Relevance Theory is Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson 1986 in H.P.GRICE developed on the basis of the Principle of Relevance of proposed, in view of their co-author work Relevance: Communication and Cognition.

Five years later, one of their students Ernst August Gutt published a Translation and Relevance: Cognition and Context according to Relevance Theory in 1991. In this book, Gutt proposed relevance translation theory, readers found everything fresh and new after reading.

Gutt believes that the translation of scientific research involving several disciplines. Therefore, the translation of scientific study of one of the main problems is not only linguistic factors need to be considered, you also need to consider other factors. These factors relate to many different areas of life.

Therefore he considered that the foundation of relevance translation theory for translation is a reasoning process. Translation studies the human brain mechanisms.

Gutt pointed out that relevance is full of importance and guide meaning in translation process, specifically contains two aspects, one is translation have to make full of associated with translation language readers or provides full of context effect, on the one hand, translation of expression way let translation language readers without paying any unnecessary efforts, on the other hand is to promote the translation communication go on wheels. Translators need to look for the best association from source language implied of content, associated with higher of explicit content to target audiences, make the target audience with the minimum effort for the maximum context effect, in order to successfully understand the source author's express intent.Optimal relevance is not only one of the criteria for selecting strategies and methods and efforts to meet the goals of the second translator, the translator's responsibility is to make the original author's intent to consistent with the reader's expectations.

4.Relevance Translation Theory and The Subtitle Translation of How I

Met Your Mother

4.1 The Background of Selected Corpus and Text Content

S01E01

The protagonist of the story Ted, 27 years, a green architect in New York, he lived in a small apartment with his friend Marshall and Lily. This day Marshall ready proposing to his girlfriend of nine years, Lily. And the single Ted thought he should start trying to find his the other half, then find another friend Barney to get a plan. Marshall proposed to Lily after her returning to the apartment. Lily agreed. When Ted and Barney in the bar meets a gorgeous reporter Robin and asked her the next night for dinner.

The next day Robin said she likes the French blue trumpet on the wall of this restaurant when they are eating dinner. Lily and Marshall laughed at Ted of a coward not to kiss Robin. When Ted saw Robin in the news, he regretted, and decided to go to kiss Robin. So a group of people for a taxi to go to Robin's house, on the half way Ted went to the French restaurant that dinner with Robin and stole the French blue trumpet, he ready to present to Robin instead of flowers. By Robin apartment, Ted expressed his love for Robin, Robin surprised, and embarrassment to the extreme, Robin gave Ted a bottle of grape then send Ted leave her apartment. Robin gave Ted suggest, but Ted didn't kiss Robin. And then Ted said this to his children.

00:20:19,959 --> 00:20:24,369

But it turns out I was just too close to the puzzle to see the picture that was formal.

00:20:19,959 --> 00:20:24,369

但那是我不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。

S01E03

Barney was just sick of the bar they often go, and he came up with a bubble idea, and he managed to drag on Ted. Two people take two empty suitcases to the airport, pretending to be a businessman who has only just returned from abroad, taking the airport and hitting on girls. Matthew has a lot of homework to do that night, so only lucubration two people at the bar. Keep man hitting on Robben, Lily started psychological imbalance. While at the airport, Ted and Barney met two girls, two men followed them was placed on a plane to Philadelphia, call Barney convinced was doing his homework Matthew immediately drove to Philadelphia. On the plane, two girls told Ted and Barney to Philadelphia they are looking for their point guard boyfriend. After Philadelphia, Ted and Barney were arrested for terrorists by airport security guard, and they took a few months before Barney constantly pretending to be just off the plane's passengers and chatting up girls` videos. Guards checked the two people's luggage and found no bomb, and the two of them were released. But one of the female guards to invite people to her party--a party for all men. Barney met at the party a Liberty Bell when the security person. Barney at the Liberty Bell, Ted, and lick the Liberty Bell. Lily finally hit a man in the bar, and later learned that the man was gay.

There`re two dialogues in this episode.

00:08:05,498 --> 00:08:08,940 Wouldnot you be jealous of guys swarm 00:08:05,498 --> 00:08:08,940

要是一堆男人拜倒在我的石榴裙下,你ing all over my beeswax?

00:08:09,420 --> 00:08:12,220 Oh,yeah,you know me-- I'm the jealous t ype.

不吃醋吗?

00:08:09,420 --> 00:08:12,220

哦，是啊，你了解我的，我是个醋坛子。

00:16:30,832 --> 00:16:33,901

I guess I just wanted to throw this net ba ck into the ocean and

00:16:34,294 --> 00:16:36,548

see how many fish I could catch.

00:16:36,721 --> 00:16:39,406

So far,one. One gay dolphin.

00:16:40,039 --> 00:16:40,998

And Marshall. 00:16:30,832 --> 00:16:33,901

我只是想把网撒到海里去00:16:34,294 --> 00:16:36,548

看看我还能捞多少鱼

00:16:36,721 --> 00:16:39,406 到现在为止，一条同性恋海豚00:16:40,039 --> 00:16:40,998 还有Marshall

S01E12

Ted received a wedding invitation from his friends Claudia and Stuart, and he was looking for an opportunity to invite Robin to participate in the activity, but Robin had a boyfriend at that time. Two months later, Robin broke up with her boyfriend, so Ted seized the occasion to invite her, and Robin agreed. The next day Ted met Claudia on the road. Claudia told Ted not spell out when he sent back an invitation to another person, so Ted cannot go with Robin. However, Ted was definitely sure that he write to another person. In order to let Robin attend the wedding, Ted went to Stuart, and Stuart quickly agreed. But after that, Claudia and Stockholm had a great fight, Stuart decided to cancel the wedding. In order to make their relationship complex, Lily asked Claudia went to the bar to comfort her. Marshall and Ted go to Stuart. Marshall finally persuaded the combination of Stuart and Claudia. But in the morning of the day of the wedding, and Robin suddenly received a call from the boss, she had to do news live right now. Ted went to the wedding alone. Kirati found Ted's invitation, Ted did not write he will take one more person. But on the wedding, Ted met a girl who will play an important role in his life, this story just began.

In this episode, Barney asked Ted:

00:00:37,753 --> 00:00:40,343

Ted,have you ignored all my teachings? 00:00:40,343 --> 00:00:41,206

For the most part,yeah.

00:00:41,206 --> 00:00:42,932

No,you don't bring a date to a wedding. 00:00:37,753 --> 00:00:40,343 Ted, 你忘了我教你的吗?

00:00:40,343 --> 00:00:41,206 大部分是

00:00:41,206 --> 00:00:42,932 你不能带女伴参加婚礼

00:00:42,932 --> 00:00:45,522 That's like bringing a deer carcass on a

hunting trip.

00:00:42,932 --> 00:00:45,522

这就像你带着一具鹿的尸体去打猎

00:00:45,522 -->00:00:46,672

oh, Ted. oh, Ted.

00:00:46,672 --> 00:00:48,207

No, no date.

00:00:48,207 --> 00:00:49,262

Deer carcass? Really?

00:00:49,262 --> 00:00:50,796

That's the metaphor you're going with here?

00:00:50,796 --> 00:00:52,235 Ted, it's a simile.

00:00:45,522 --> 00:00:46,672 噢Ted 噢Ted

00:00:46,672 --> 00:00:48,207 别别带伴

00:00:48,207 --> 00:00:49,262 鹿尸? 真的吗?

00:00:49,262 --> 00:00:50,796 你在暗示你要带去吗?

00:00:50,796 --> 00:00:52,235 Ted, 这只是个比喻

4.2Relevance Translation Theory and Subtitle Translation of How I Met

Your Mother

4.2.1 Domestication

In order to localize the source language, target language or reader as the destination, to adopt the target language reader's habit of expression to convey the content of the original. Domestication translation requires translators to get closer to the readers of the target language, and if the original author wants to talk directly to the reader, the translation must become authentic native language. Domestication translation helps readers to gain a better understanding of translations, enhance the readability and appreciation of translations. Therefore domestication is a translation strategy which uses a transparent and fluent style in translation process to minimize the strangeness of the original work. It should make the world of the source language close to the world of cultural readers of the target language as far as possible, thus reaching the cultural equivalence between the culture of the source language and the target language culture. Gutt can be regarded as a typical representative of domestication. He proposed the notion of closest natural equivalence. From the social and cultural standpoint, he put the reader of the target language in the first place, and carefully analyzes the intent of the source language information. Gutt repeated his view on various occasions, that the translation is essentially the closest natural equivalence of source information. In Gutt's view, dynamic equivalence (or functional equivalence) is intended to be fully natural and to incorporate the source language behavior patterns into the cultural category of the target reader. This concept of translation does not emphasize that readers must accept the mode of source culture in order to understand the source language information. Therefore, he proposes a functional isomorphism strategy as a solution to achieve the same effect in different systems.

There is no doubt that audience can judge issues by their native language and cultural background. There are many differences. In a perspective of relevance

translation theory, and the subtitles translators should try to help Chinese audiences with less effort to understand film effect, gain emotional resonance. This must be for foreign films and TV series in the distinctive form of language, cultural or customary expression of vocabulary for processing. Domestication translation aims to minimize the translation, for this object readers need to provide a natural and smooth translation. Under the guidance of the domestication strategy, you can make subtitles become more conform to the language habits of the target audience, and make the better contextual effects.

Eg.1: I was just too close to the puzzle to see the picture that was formin. Translation:我不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。

This translation domesticates a flat sentence in episode of a poem that Chinese audiences often heard and well remembered. If it was just literally translated, the audiences will feel stiff boring and need to take some time to get the deep meaning. Translator source implied that meaning associated with the ancient Chinese poems, quickly mobilized the Chinese audience more familiar with the context. As full of fashionable foreign actor prepare above for some of Chinese verse, this wonderful cultural collision makes audiences smile, achieving the purpose that the message resonates with humor.

Eg.2:-Wouldn`t you be jealous of guys swarming all over my beeswax?

-Yeah,I`m the jealous type.

Translation:—要是一堆男人拜倒在我的石榴裙下,你不吃醋吗?

—当然吃醋,我是醋坛子。

There are many vivid metaphors in the American sitcom. They are full of daily and personality language which is a magic appeal to the broad national audience. But because of the differences in Chinese and Western cultural background, copy the metaphorical imagery is sometimes not conducive to effectiveness of humorous in reproduction. On the relevance translation theory, translators can try as much as possible adaptation strategies. In the process of subtitling select original images of similar, which was well known to the Chinese audience, and also create an enabling environment for Chinese audiences. In example 2, the translator use石榴裙to show that women have strong charm."拜倒在石榴裙下" that Chinese audiences are familiar with expressions to reflect the second actress in attractive women. Meanwhile, "醋坛子" this sharp and localized image is better than the original lines, “I'm the jealous type”(我就是会嫉妒的那一类人) lacks distinction, audience can not get the deeper meaning. The implied meaning of the original sentence closely related to cognitive approach and close to the recipients so that viewers can use minimum effort to get maximum effect, and so as to successfully understand the originator's express intention.

There are two examples like this:

Eg.3:Ain`t no thing,but the chicken wing.

Translation:芝麻小事何足挂齿呀。

Eg.4:They were buried in a shallow grave.

Translation:都是陈芝麻烂谷子了。

In the above examples, translator based on correct understanding in the source lines, and fully into account the cultural background of the Chinese audience and expressive habits. Use of domestication to mobilize associated cognitive context, so that the domestic audience get a pleasant view experience in a short time.

4.2.2 Foreignization

Foreignization is that the translator disturb the author as far as possible and let the reader close to the author. In translation, it means accommodating the linguistic features of foreign cultures, absorbing the expression of foreign language, and it requires translators to get closer to the authors, and adopts the source language expressions which used by the authors to convey the content of the original text, which is to be the destination language. The purpose of using foreignization is to consider the differences of national culture, preserve and reflect the characteristics of the foreign national characteristics and language style, and keep the foreign mood for the target readers. So foreignization is the deviation from the mainstream values of the native language, it preserve the linguistic and cultural differences, or refers to a certain degree of preserving the original foreignness, which breaks the target language routine translation on purpose, advocate the preservation of the source language culture in the translation of the foreignization of the main purpose of translating is intercultural communication. The culture of the source language will enrich the language expression of the target language and culture. Readers` reading aims also include the desire to understand foreign cultures, and translators should believe that the reader's intellect and imagination can understand the specificity of foreign cultures. Venuti can be said to be the representative of foreignization. He put forward the concept of Inverse Translation Theory. This translation method highlight the difference of original text in style and other aspects in the text of the target language. Venuti publicly claimed, the aim was to develop a translation theory and practice to resist the dominant trend in the culture of the target language, thus highlighting the differences in language and culture. In this concept, he proposed an objection to the translation of a fluent strategy, that is translation get not fluent on purpose. Some translators also have no compromise on readers, required readers to accept the specificity of foreign cultures. Essentially, the foreignization advocated that the translation should be the origin of the original and the original author, focus on the expression of the original language, deliberately preserving cultural essence to promote exchanges and integration among cultures. Because of the economic globalization and the rapid development of information technology, various cultures collide, interact, permeate and integrate with each other, and the demand for mutual understanding among people is increasing, so more and more scholars are advocating the foreignization.

The translation strategies of foreignization source culture-oriented, nearer to

maximize the source language. Cultural image in the source language and expressions should be retained as far as possible, with the exotic charms of the new target language audience. In recent years, the hit of American sitcom reflects that American culture interacts more frequently, and American humor has a great attraction for Chinese audiences, especially young audiences. In order to meet the Chinese audience's curiosity about foreign cultures, and translators should take the strategies in a timely manner in translation. On the relevance translation theory, translators need to re-assess the translation and the audience's cognitive environment which associated with the source of meaning and the degree of interoperability. When the translator and the target audience to be implicit or explicit content in the context of their reasoning and get the same effect, then translators could prefer to choose foreignization.

Eg.1: I just wanted to throw this net back into the ocean and see how many fish I could catch.

Translation:我只是想把我这张网撒到大海里去,看看我还可以捞到多少鱼。

Eg.2：You don`t bring a date to a wedding, that`s like bring a deer carcass on a hunting trip. Translation:你不能带女伴参加婚礼,这就像你带着一具鹿的尸体去打猎。

This subtitling in the two examples is to maximize and retaine the source line in the cultural image and expression, because Chinese audiences in their own cognitive explain in the context of its meaning, but do not require the use of naturalized methods to further expression. Authentic American humor combined with a more exaggerated body language factor, and the domestic audience without too much cognitive effort is required to achieve good humorous effect.

5.Domestication and Foreignization on Translation of Captions of Explanations and Active Influence

My paper bases on the relevance translation theory, taking the subtitle of How I Met Your Mother as an example. By analyzing the translation strategies of domestication and foreignization that the American sitcom used, thus practicing the applicability and guidance of the relevance translation theory in subtitle translation field. And I hope that the translation strategy based on this theory can play a certain referential role in the translation of subtitles in the future, and helps the related translators and researchers to create a better translation and promotes the vigorous development of subtitle translation.

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中文摘要

摘要：归化和异化是处理语言形式与文化因素的两种不同的翻译策略，它是意译和直译的进一步延伸。美剧《老爸老妈的浪漫史》是一部经典的流行于中国的美式情景喜剧，这部情景喜剧中的故事有趣又吸引观众，这剧中的台词更是其中亮点。译者在翻译时，一方面需要认真研究原文所传递的信息；另一方面，充分依据译语接受者的认知语境，对原文进行适当的加工，采取灵活多变的翻译策略向译语接受者传递原文信息。本文旨在探索归化和异化策略在《老爸老妈的浪漫史》字幕翻译时的可行性和指导性。

关键词：翻译;归化;异化

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