2014英语全国卷1 含答案

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅰ)

(时间：120分钟满分：150分)

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)(见专题十四)

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A

The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.

Students are being dared to draw a picture，write an article，take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge，all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival，MIT Museum，265 Mass Avenue，Cambridge 02139 by Friday，February 8th.

Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.

Between March 10th and March 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：//b59748d6453610661fd9f4ab. 21．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?

A．School students.

B．Cambridge locals.

C．CSF winners.

D．MIT artists.

22．When will the prize－giving ceremony be held?

A．On February 8th.

B．On March 10th.

C．On March 15th.

D．On April 21st.

23．What type of writing is this text?

A．An exhibition guide.

B．An art show review.

C．An announcement.

D．An official report.

B

Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing．Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an ever－lasting supply and killed them by the b59748d6453610661fd9f4abmercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.

In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1，1914.

24．In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________．

A．were the biggest bird in the world

B．lived mainly in the south of America

C．did great harm to the natural environment

D．were the largest bird population in the US

25．The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’ ________．A．escape B．ruin

C．liberation D．evolution

26．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?

A．To seek pleasure. B．To save other birds.

C．To make money. D．To protect crops.

27．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

A．It was ignored by the public.

B．It was declared too late.

C．It was unfair.

D．It was strict.

C

A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip

(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention，but it’s mostly for show.In reality，it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus pided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？How often do you have something you want to achieve (eg.lose weight，start a business，travel more ) －only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t fo cus or that we’re focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving.

It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this ：All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become...take immediate action.If you’r e clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

28．Why does the lion tamer use a chair?

A．To trick the lion.

B．To show off his skills.

C．To get ready for a fight.

D．To entertain the audience.

29．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?

A．They feel puzzled over choices.

B．They hold on to the wrong things.

C．They find it hard to make changes.

D．They have to do something for show.

30．What is the author’s attitude towards the exper ts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful.

C．Respectful. D．Supportive.

31．When the world is“waving a chair in your face”，you’re advised to ________．A．wait for a better chance

B．break your old habits

C．make a quick decision

D．ask for clear guidance

D

As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)．

In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that__tradition．His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi w ith an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important

materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now，through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

32．Many scholars are making efforts to ________．

A．promote global languages

B．rescue disappearing languages

C．search for language communities

D．set up language research organizations

33．What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Having full records of the languages.

B．Writing books on language teaching.

C．Telling stories about language users.

D．Living with the native speakers.

34．What is Turin’s book based on?

A．The cultural studies in India.

B．The documents available at Yale.

C．His language research in Bhutan.

D．His personal experience in Nepal.

35．Which of the following best describe s Turin’s work?

A．Write，sell and donate.

B．Record，repair and reward.

C．Collect，protect and reconnect.

D．Design，experiment and report.

第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.__36__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1．Curiosity

Your children need to be deeply curious.__37__ Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time? 2．Creativity

True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.__38__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

3．Interpersonal Skills

Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what’s going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.__39__“Why do you think she’s crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”

4．Self－expression

__40__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

A．Encourage kids to cook with you.

B．And we can’t forget science education.

C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节完形填空(共20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.As a matter of fact，we can see this __41__ at work in people of all __42__．For example，on Christmas morning，children are excited about __43__ with their new toys.But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45__ toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of __46__ stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument to someone’s __47__ interest.When parents bring home a pet，their child __48__ bathes it and brushes its fur.Within a short time，however，the __49__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great __50__ but are soon looking forward to __51__．The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then，how many __52__，who now complain(抱怨)about the long drives to work，__53__ drove for hours at a time when they first__54__ their driver’s licenses(执照)？Before people retire，they usually __55__ to do a lot of __56__ things，which they never had __57__ to do while working.But __58__ after retirement，the golfing，the fishing，the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __59__．And，like the child in January，they go searching for new __60__．

41．A.principle B．habit C．way D．power 42．A.parties B．races C．countries D．ages 43．A.working B．living C．playing D．going 44．A.confidence B．interest C．anxiety D．sorrow 45．A.same B．extra C．funny D．expensive 46．A.well－organized B．colorfully－printed

C．newly－collected D．half－filled

47．A.broad B．passing C．different D．main

48．A.silently B．impatiently C．gladly D．worriedly 49．A.promise B．burden C．right D．game

50．A.courage B．calmness C．confusion D．excitement 51．A.graduation B．independence C．responsibility D．success 52．A.children B．students C．adults D．retirees 53．A.carefully B．eagerly C．nervously D．bravely 54．A.required B．obtained C．noticed D．discovered 55．A.need B．learn C．start D．plan 56．A.great B．strange C．difficult D．correct 57．A.time B．money C．skills D．knowledge 58．A.only B．well C．even D．soon 59．A.lost B．chose C．left D．quit 60．A.pets B．toys C．friends D．colleagues

第Ⅱ卷

第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?

In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It __61__ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it __62__ (actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of __63__ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn’t changed in a few days __64__ even a few months.It took years of work __65__ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __66__(clean) than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control

your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

While there are __68__ (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the __69__ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be __70__ (patience)．

第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self－seed where they please. As result，the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。

注意：1.词数100左右。

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3．参考词汇：住宿－accommodation

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2014年普通高等学校招生全国

统一考试(全国卷Ⅰ)

听力原文(见专题十四)

【语篇解读】本文是一则关于第六届剑桥科技节的通知。

21．A[事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“The challenge invites，even dares school students...show their curiosity”可知，在校学生可以参加好奇心挑战，故选A。]

22．D[事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“students who enter the...on Sunday，April 21st.”可知颁奖仪式在4月21日举行，故选D。]

23．C[推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头部分“The Cambridge Science Festival is pleased to inform you of...”以及文章最后一段中“The program guidelines and other...at：http：//b59748d6453610661fd9f4ab.”可知本文属于应用文中的“通知”。]

【语篇解读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。

24．D[事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。] 25．B[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。] 26．C[事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。]

27．B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of...for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。]

【语篇解读】本文以驯兽师在驯兽时用椅子挡在狮子面前来分散它的注意力使狮子不知所措为引子，联想到当人们面临多种选择感到困惑时该怎么办？28．A[事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“When a lion tamer holds a chair...what to do next.”可知，驯兽师拿一把椅子是想哄骗狮子，故选A。]

29．A[推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“With its focus pided...what to do

next”可知，当人们面临选择时和狮子面对椅子时的感觉相似，就是困惑，不知所措，故选A。]

30．B[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“This upsets me to no end...is best”可知，作者对专家的态度是怀疑的，故选B。]

31．C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Anytime you find the world...you just need to get started.”可知，作者建议人们快速做出决定，故选C。]

【语篇解读】本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。

32．B[事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“In an effort to prevent...they reflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。]

33．A[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“But he is not content...without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。]

34．D[事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“...grows out of his experience living，looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。]

35．C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom...collected”和“Turin notes the endangered languages...speech communities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保护和使再接合”，故选C。]

【语篇解读】本文讲述了如何帮孩子发展他们的技能。

36．D[根据“By helping them...what the future holds”可知这里叙述的是帮助孩子发展其技能，所以上句应该是应该怎样帮助他们为将来的工作做好准备。故选D。]

37．A[根据“What ingredients can we add to...and try them out”可知这里叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好，所以上句应该是鼓励孩子和你一起做饭。故选A。]

38．C[根据“True creativity is the ability to...from it.”可知这里叙述的是根据现存事物创造新事物。所以后面应该是我们可以提供给孩子机会使他们尝试创新。故选C。]

39．F[根据下文“Why do you think...？”和“Can you tell how...？”以及“If

someone were...？”可知这里是问孩子怎样判断人的情感，所以上文应该是我们在真实生活中以及在听故事时要问这样的问题。故选F。]

40．G[根据下文“There are many ways to express...”可知这里叙述的是有许多方法可以表达自己的想法和观点，所以上文应该是用一种有意义的方式交流观点和想法是非常珍贵的技能，故选G。]

【语篇解读】文章讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为日常生活中必须做的事情时，无论哪个年龄阶段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了。

41．A[上文中提到了general rule。故principle与其意思相近，B.习惯；C.方式；D.力量，权力。均不合题意。故选A。]

42．D[根据后面提到了小孩和老人可知此处为不同年龄段的人。A.党派；B.种族；C.国家。均不合题意，故选D。]

43．C[play with their new toys——玩新玩具，而A.“工作”；B.“生活”；

C.“去”。均不合题意，故选C。]

44．B[孩子们对这些玩具的兴趣越来越少。A.“自信”；C.“着急”；

D.“悲伤”。均不合题意，故选B。]

45．A[到一月份可以发现那些一模一样的玩具放在了地下室里。B.额外的；

C.有趣的；

D.昂贵的。均不合题意，故选A。]

46．D[这个世界充满了装了一半的集邮册和未完成的模型。A.组织有序的；

B.彩印的；

C.新收集的。均不合题意，故选D。]

47．B[每一个都是某人曾经的兴趣的纪念碑。A.宽阔的；C.不同的；D.主要的。均不合题意，故选B。]

48．C[当父母带回家一只宠物，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡，给它刷毛。A.安静地；B.不耐心地；D.着急地。均不合题意，故选C。]

49．B[一小段时间后，照顾动物的负担就交给父母了。A.承诺；C.权利；D.游戏。均不合题意，故选B。]

50．D[青少年刚入高中时很兴奋。A.勇气；B.镇静；C.困惑。均不合题意，故选D。]

51．A[但很快他们就盼着毕业。B.独立；C.责任；D.成功。均不合题意，故选A。]

52．C[前面根据年龄提到小孩子，十多岁的青少年、青年人、接下来该说成年人了。A.孩子；B.学生；D.退休者。均不合题意，故选C。]

53．B[他们刚开始拿到驾照时多希望一次开上几个小时。A.仔细地；C.紧张地；D.勇敢地。均不合题意，故选B。]

54．B[参考53题。A.需要；C.注意；D.发现。均不合题意，故选B。] 55．D[退休前人们经常计划着做很多伟大的事情。A.需要；B.学习；C.开始。均不合题意，故选D。]

56．A[参考55题。B.奇怪的；C.困难的；D.正确的。均不合题意，故选A。] 57．A[这些事情在工作时都没有时间去做。B.钱；C.技能；D.知识。均不合题意，故选A。]

58．D[但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都变得无聊了。A.只，仅；B.好的；C.甚至。均不合题意，故选D。]

59．C[这些想做的事情就像他们离开的工作一样变得无趣了。A.丢失；B.选择；D.放弃。均不合题意，故选C。]

60．B[就像那个一月的孩子一样，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。A.宠物；C.朋友；D.同事。均不合题意，故选B。]

61．was[文章讲的是1969年的事情，故用过去时。]

62．actually[修饰动词caught，用副词actually“实际上”。]

63．the[most outstanding是最高级，前面需要加the。]

64．or[河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的，这里两个时间是选择关系，故用or。]

65．to reduce[这里考查固定句型：It takes some time to do sth“做某事花费多长时间”。故应填不定式to reduce。]

66．cleaner[根据下文than知用形容词的比较级。]

67．that/which[habit是先行词，故用that/which引导定语从句。] 68．amazing[是“令人吃惊的”，用形容词修饰名词stories而amazed指“人感到吃惊的”用来修饰人。]

69．changes[根据句子的谓语“are”可知主语应为复数。]

70．patient[根据空格前系动词“be”可知这里应为形容词。]

短文改错

Nearly five years before

ago

，and with the help

by

of

our father，my sister and I

planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then—for all these

year yeas —we

had

have

been allowing tomatoes to self－seed where they please.As

a

result，the plants are growing somewhere

everywhere

.The fruits are small in size，but juicy

and taste,tasty .There are so much

many

that we often share them with our

neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after

year，

but

yet

或

we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are

growing wonderfully

wonderful

tomatoes at no cost!

71．第一句中before→ago[ago常与一般过去时连用；before常与完成时连用，这里谓语是planted，用的是过去式，故用ago。]

72．第一句中by→of[with the help of...在……的帮助下。]

73．第二句中year→years[由前面all these可知应用year的复数形式。] 74．第二句中had→have[根据时间状语“since then”可知，主句应为现在完成时，所以把had变为have。]

75．第三句中as后加a[as a result为固定搭配译为“结果”。]

76．第三句中somewhere→everywhere[因为种子落在哪里就在哪里生根发芽，所以这种植物长得到处都是。everywhere到处；somewhere某处。] 77．第四句中taste→tasty[are后面应用形容词，and连接形容词juicy和tasty。]

78．第五句中much→many[根据谓语are可知后面应用修饰可数名词的many，而much修饰不可数名词。]

79．第六句中but去掉或改为yet[although引导让步状语从句，不可与but连用，但可以与yet连用。]

80．第七句中wonderfully→wonderful[因tomatoes为名词应用形容词修饰，所以把副词改为形容词。]

【参考范文】

Dear Sir/Madam，

I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I’ve seen your ad，and I’d like to know something more about your six －week English course.First，when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week？Besides，I wish there would not be too many students in a class.I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully，

Li Hua

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