英07《英语口译》H-5

《英语口译》（WXL ） (Handouts)：Note-taking 1 1 Unit 5

Note-taking

● Necessary evil

Distribution of attention

Interference in listening and comprehension ● Notes vs Memory

＝ supplement to memory (reminder)

≠ substitute for memory

5.1 Feature of Interpreter ’s Notes

5.1.1 Interpreter ’s note are special

≠ Notes in class Content: Function:

≠ Shorthand Basis:

Techniques:

? Omitting all silent letters

Deep –dep file —fil see —se new —nu

? Omitting medial short vowels

Build —bld bulletin —bltn knowledge —nlg ? Writing medial long vowels in one-syllable words

Gauge —gag bail —bal sign —sin

? Writing initial and final vowels

Ahead —ahd follow —flo value —vlu ? A short wavy line under the initial letter of word to indicate capitalization Philip —f l p Bill —b l Ada —a d a

? Using brief forms

Are,our,hour —r is, his —s to, it —l

Can —c that —la we —e

for —f the--. Will,well —e in,not —n

5.1.2 Interpreter ’s notes are inpidual

? key words

? figures

? proper nouns

?

list of items ?

links ? beginning and end

《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 2 5.2 Guidelines on Interpreter’s Note-taking

Legible & Logical

5.2.1 Layout ?

[ Vertical / Spacious]

[ Diagonal axis ]

5.2.2 Language ?

[ SL + TL + Symbols ]

5.3 Suggested Symbols

Alphabet

Punctuation marks

Mathematical signs

Abbreviations

Negation and affirmation

Emphasis and attenuation

Interrelation of ideas

Arrows and reference lines

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《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 3

5.3.1 Symbols from Alphabet （字母）

◆(1) Single letters or letter combinations of the English alphabet

hr hour

d day

wk week

m month / million

y or yr year

b billion

km kilometer

kw kilowatt

IOU I owe you 借据

h.o. head office 总部

V victory 胜利

W world 世界

Y / O Yes / OK 同意

N No 不同意

P Power 权力，官僚

R repeat，recover，restore 重复，恢复

prt president 主席先生

dev development 发展

sup suspending 悬念，惊喜

incp incomprehensible 不理解

in inside the country 国内

ex abroad 国外

cpt concept 概念

cdit condition 条件

tks thanks 谢谢

pj project 工程项目

pol politics 政治

dem democracy 民主

lib liberty 自由

cap capitalism 资本主义

ppd prepared 已备的

bkgd background 背景

gvt government 政府

◆(2) E-mail shorthand from“net lingo”.

2 to

4 for

w/ with

w/o without

I/O instead of

vs against

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《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 4

@ at 关于

cu See you. 再见

OIC Oh, I see. 哦，我明白了。

fyi For your information. 供参考

asap as soon as possible 尽快

af as follows 如下

com commercial 商业

edu education 教育

gov government 政府

int international 国际

org organization 组织

◆(3) Letters from the alphabet of other languages.

∑(Greek) altogether, total 总和，总数

π(Greek) politics, policy 政治，政策

γ(Greek) government, governmental 政府（的）

◆(4) Combination of simple Chinese characters with letters

Ys for years; for a long time 多年以来

中γChinese government 中国政府

4M the Four Modernization 四个现代化

社’s socialist system 社会主义制度

5yP five-year Plan 五年计划

2友friendship between the two parties双方的友谊

UN大United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会（联大）

卜situ to predict future situation 预测未来形势

5.3.2 Symbols from Punctuation marks （标点符号）

：the relation between the speaker and his opinion

(speak, tell, declare, protest; such as, like)

（说/讲，告诉，宣称，声明，抗议；譬如，象……）

？something in doubt (in the front)

？interrogative sentence (at the end)

(question, doubt, issue under discussion))

（问题，疑问，问）

！something important, to draw attention，重要，注意，奇观…the speaker’s intenti on to omit some points

[ ] within, among, in, inside, into, including, seclusion

．different time concept

(in the front) past, ago, before

(at the end) future, later

．(viewpoint, idea, opinion, difficult point)

（观点，意见，主意，论点，难点）

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《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 5

/meanwhile，at the same time

同时

// terminate, stop, halt

终止，停顿，停止

~ with regards to, regarding, concerning, about

关于，牵涉到

—000

，000

& and 和

5.3.3 Symbols from Mathematical signs （数学符号）

+ increase, furthermore, in addition to, with, and,

something positive （strong，good）

加上，另外，除此之外，而且，以及，还有

强，好

+ + stronger，better 更强，更好

-decrease, lack

something negative （weak，bad）

减去，缺乏，缺少，不会

弱，差

--weaker，worse 更弱，更差

< smaller than, fewer than, worse than, inferior to

小/少于，不如，次于，逊色

> bigger than, more than, better than, superior to, surpass

大于，好于，超过，优于，越来越

=equal, the same as, a competitor, a rival,

等于，相当于，一样，这意味着，是……的对手

≠not equal to, incomparable

不等于，不一样，不是……的对手

±tolerance, allowance

不准确，可能

∴as a result, therefore, consequently, hence, thus, so

所以，因此，因而，结果，于是，结论是

∵because, owing to, as a result of, thanks to, due to, for this

reason, now that, for, since

由于，因为，引起

?VIP, leader, some important event；restore，recover，represent

贵宾，领导，重大事件；恢复，复原；代表

≈approximately, about

大约，左右

∽exchange

交换，交流，调换，对调，替换成为

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《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 6

5.3.4 Symbols from Abbreviations （缩略语）

◆(1) First letter of the word

m = metre p = page b. = born

F = Fahrenheit N = North t. = ton

V = V oltage 电压伏

◆(2) First few letters of the word.

cont. = continued usu. = usually vol. = volume

Apr. = April Thurs = Thursday Hon. = Honourable

Prof. = Professor ref = reference esp = especially

min = minimum max = maximum

Co = company, corporation memo = memorandum 备忘录

demo = demonstration 演示info = information 信息

gal = gallon 加仑

eg = for example (Latin exempli gratia)

etc = and so on (Latin et cetera )

ie = that is to say, in other words (Latin id est)

viz = namely (Latin videlicet)

cf = compare (Latin confer)

ibid = ditto ＝the same as before 同前所述(Latin)

◆(3) Word with several letters missed out.

asst. = assistant dept. = department

jct. = junction km = kilometre

kW = kilowatts St. = Saint

HQ = headquarters TB = tuberculosis

std = standard KWH = kilowatt hour度(电)

MSG = massage MGR = manager

mkt = market rcv = receive

联合国

UNGA = United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会（联大）

SC = Security Council 安全理事会（安理会）

IMF = International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织

CEO = chief executive officer 首席执行官

VIP = very important person 贵宾，要人

Rpm = revolutions per minute 每分钟转速

GNP = Gross National Product 国民生产总值

GDP = Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值

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《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 7 SOE = state-owned enterprise 国有企业

JV = joint venture 合资企业

SME = Small and Medium-sized Enterprise 中小型企业

GM = genetically modified 转基因

LNG = liquefied natural gas 液化天然气

FOB = free on board 离岸价

CIF = cost, insurance, freight 到岸价

NBA= National Basketball Association 全美篮球协会

CPC = the Communist Party of China 中国共产党

NPC = the National People’s Congress 全国人大

CPPCC = the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 政协

(5) Acronym

TOEFL = Test of English as a Foreign Language 托福

IELTS = I nternational English Language Testing System 雅思

NASDAQ = National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations

纳斯达克AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome 艾滋病

Sars = Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome

严重急性呼吸道综合征（非典型性肺炎）（非典）UFO = unidentified flying object 不明飞行物; 幽浮

UNICEF = United Nations Children’s Fund 联合国儿童基金会

UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

联合国教科文组织OPEC = (欧佩克)O rganization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries

石油输出国组织NATO =North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织

WIPO = World Intellectual Property Organization 世界产权组织

MOFTEC = Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

对外贸易经济合作部

MOST = Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部（科技部）

CAS = Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院（中科院）

NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration美国航空航天局

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《英语口译》（WXL ） (Handouts)：Note-taking 8 8 国名和地名

CHN （CN ） China 中国 US the United States of America 美国 UK （GB ） The United Kingdom 英国

AUS Australia 澳大利亚 CAN Canada 加拿大 NZL New Zealand 新西兰 JAP （J ） Japan 日本 THA （TH ） Thailand 泰国 ROK （K ） Republic of Korea 韩国 DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 北朝鲜 RSA Republic of South Africa 南非 Sg Singapore 新加坡 Sz Switzerland 瑞士 Sd Sweden 瑞典

BJ Beijing 北京

SH Shanghai 上海 （沪）

GD Guangdong 广东 （粤）

HK Hong Kong 香港

MC Macao 澳门

NY New York 纽约

LA Los Angeles 洛杉矶

5.3.5 Symbols for Negation and Affirmation （肯定 / 否定）

∨ right, correct, good, well-known, sure, agree 正确，好，著名，确定，同意 Х wrong, incorrect, bad, notorious, disagree 错误，不行，臭名昭著，反对 / negation / the opposite]

illegal; illegitimate; unlawful; against the law

5.3.6 Symbols for Emphasis （强调）

? ! ? O *

5.3.7 Symbols for Interrelation of ideas （关联）

Roman numeral:

I = 1 V =5 X =10

L =50 C =100 M =1000

1992 MCMXCII

《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 9 5.3.8 Arrows and reference lines （箭头和参照线）

→sending to, submitting to, exporting to, leading to,

transmitting to; talking to，causing，resulting in，

运往，交给，出口，导致，转化为，引起，前进

←coming back; receiving from; importing from，

coming from，originating from

回归/到，收到，进口，来自，源于

↑to increase; to grow；to go up；to rise；to expand；

to develop; to strengthen；to upgrade; to be promoted;

to ascend; skyrocket; appreciation

增长，扩大，发展，加强，提高，提拔，上升，发射，升空，

增殖

↑↑Increasingly stronger 越来越强等

↓to decrease; to diminish; to go down; to reduce；

to demote；to be ousted from the post; to descend;

to drop to；to bomb；to deteriorate; depreciation

减少，下跌，削/裁减，降职，革职，下降，向下，轰炸，恶化，

贬值

↓↓increasingly weaker 越来越弱等

↗to increase gradually 逐步增加，

↘to decrease gradually 逐步减少

Reference line ?

5.3.9 Other Symbols （其他）

Message meaning Symbol

压力↓

国与国 /

双向交流?

分歧⊥

波折<<

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《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 10 进入，入门者Π

稳固，巩固^

属于∈

坚持≡

其作用是?

一方面. /

另一方面/ .

关系. / .

结论是?

但是??

与……比较而言//

空洞O

元，钱￥

☆best ，outstanding，excellent，important，model

最佳，杰出，优秀，重要，榜样

＆and，together with，accompany

和，与……一起，陪同

＃the end or conclusion of a certain activity.

△on behalf of 代表

□country，state，nation 国家

┘过，了

┌将要

h to chair (the meeting)

°person，people（人）

⊙meeting，seminar，meet，conference，discussion，negotiation 会议，研讨会，开会，讨论，谈判

＞＜confrontation，conflict 对立，冲突

∧lead，manage 领导，管理

∪agreement，accord，treaty，contract 协议，协定，条约，合同

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《英语口译》（WXL）(Handouts)：Note-taking 11

As I’m sure we all agree that interpreter s’ note-taking varies from person to person. That is to say, you can take notes in your own way. You’ll have to develop your own note-taking system by choosing the symbols and signs you like from the suggested symbols and signs I’ve recommended to you. You may even create or coin the symbols, signs and letter combinations for particular and frequently-used words and phrases.

The point is that you have to get used to your own note-taking system. And there is no short-cut for that. You can only get used to it through repeated practice. Here, repeated practice means that you have t o take notes of the same listening material repeatedly.

You may argue that you can even recite it if the same passage is uttered over and over again. But the purpose of the repeated practice is not to remember the message meaning, but to develop your note-taking system, fix it and get used to it, so that later on you’ll interpret the message meaning just by glancing at the notes.

Find a partner, and practice taking notes of the same listening material

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