Genomicchapter1基因组学第一章
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Genomics
Jumin Tu jtu@9393cd0116fc700abb68fca8
Yinbo Gan ygan@9393cd0116fc700abb68fca8
Department of Agronomy
College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University
Contents
Genome
Referring to the molecular and genetic basis of the genome
Genome research
Referring to the methods and progresses in genome research
References
Genomes 3: Brown T.A.,2007.
Genes IX: Benjamin Lewin, 2009.
Genomics (2nd edition): Jinshui Yang, 2007. Functional Genomics: Zhiqian Xu, 2007.
Part One:Genome Genome Structure
Genome Replication
Genome Expression
Part One:Genome Genome Cloning
Genome Regulation
Genome Recombination
Part Two: Genome research
Structural Genomics
Functional Genomics
Comparative Genomics
10
Milestone of Genetics and Genomics The discovery of the laws of Mendelian Inheritance (Mendelian, 1866)
DNA was proved to be the genetic material in humans and almost all other organisms (Hershey and Chase,1928)
DNA double helix structure (Watson and Crick, 1953), Map of genetic code(Nirenberg , 1958)
Development of DNA recombinant technology(1973)
Milestone of Genetics and Genomics DNA can be sequenced (Sander, 1977)
Genome can be sequenced (1997)
Human Genome Project (HGP) set the foundation
for Genomics (1990)
Genome research has become the core of
biomedicine and botany research
What is Genome ?
In modern molecular biology and genetics, the Genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information
It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of virus, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.
Origin of Genome
The term was adapted in 1920 by Hans Winker, Professor of Botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford English Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome.
the term was used to indicate the chromosome or total DNA sequences in all organisms.
10
What is Genomics ?
Genomics is the study of the genomes of organisms. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts.
Genomics was first used by T. Roderick in 1986,used to generalize the genome mapping, sequencing and analysis of genome functions.
Research topics of Genomics
Three topics
Genomics and Biology:To study the structure and function of genome
Genomics and Health: Biomedical Research
Genomics and Society:To promote the application of genomics, maximize the benefits and minimize the the side effect
Major challenges in Genomics
To characterize the structures and functions of human genome
Better understanding the knowledge of heritable genetic variations in human genome
Apply new knowledge of gene and metabolic pathway to develop new effecive methods for human disease treatment
Major challenges in Genomics To explain the mechanism of evolution and variation among different species
To clone and characterize the key functional genes in crop
Using genomics tools to increase the crop yield and resolve the food crisis in the world
Chapter 1 Genome Structure
Genome Structure:
The distribution and arrangement of
different gene functional region on
chromosome
Cytoplasm
Nucleus Cytoplasm
Chapter 1. Genome Structure 1.1 Structure of DNA
1.2 Structure of Prokaryotic Genomes
1.3 Structure of Eukaryotic Genomes
1.4 Virus Genome Structure
1.5 Organelles Genome
Section One: Structure of DNA Genes are made of DNA
Advantages of DNA as the genetic material DNA Function Advantages over RNA
Structrues of DNA and RNA
Primary structure of DNA and RNA Secondary structure of DNA DNA Supercoiled structure
DNA Denaturation and Renaturation
20Section One: Structure of DNA
Two important experiments suggested that genes are made of DNA Oswald Avery :the transforming principle Hershey-Chase:
Radioactive labeling experiments
1. Gene are made of DNA
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