脚手架资料中英

环境、健康和安全标准（Scaffolding脚手架）

1. PURPOSE 目的

This procedure provides guidelines for the safe erection, inspection, use, and dismantling of scaffolding at Air Products Facilities worldwide.

本程序为全球AOCI工厂安全安装、检查、使用和拆卸脚手架提供了指导原则。

2. SCOPE 范围

This procedure applies to all personnel who erect, inspect, use, or dismantle scaffolding. Air Products plant personnel must ensure that all contractors engaged in any scaffolding activities shall comply with the provisions in this procedure.

本程序适用于从事安装、检查、使用和拆卸脚手架的所有人员。APCI工厂人员必须确保所有涉及脚手架工作的承包商都要执行本程序的条款。

3. SUMMARY 概要

3.1 Scaffold design and specification shall as a minimum follows the nationally recognized and approved standards of the country in which the

scaffold is erected. Where the requirements of this standard are different to the nationally recognized and approved standards, the most stringent standard will apply.

脚手架的设计和技术要求必须至少符合其安装地所在国的国家承认和批准的标准。如果本程序的标准与安装地所在国的国家承认和批准的标准不一致，应该执行更为严格的标准。

3.2 Scaffolds shall be inspected by competent qualified and certified

personnel prior to use, after inclement weather and any occurrence where the structure has been modified. Any individual that erects or disassembles a scaffold must be certified, and all users of scaffolding must receive the appropriate training. Contract personnel must present proof of the appropriate training and qualifications prior to working on any Air Products site.

使用前、因恶劣天气和其它原因导致其结构被修改后，脚手架都要经合格的胜任人员检查。安装和拆卸脚手架的任何人员都必须持有合格证，所有的脚手架使用人都必须接受相应的培训。在任何APCI 现场工作之前，承包商人员必须呈交相应的培训和资质证明。

3.3 Scaffolds shall only be erected and disassembled by competent

approved and qualified personnel. Proper provisions must be made for the safe

lifting of scaffold fittings, poles and boards. Lifting equipment must be designed to prevent the possibility of scaffold falling to grade in the event that the load snags or knots slip. Throwing and dropping equipment is strictly prohibited.

脚手架只准由经过批准并取得资格的胜任人员安装和拆卸。必须使用合适的设备来安全提升脚手架的配件、支柱和板材。提升设备的结构必须能够避免被提升物绊住或绳结打滑致使脚手架倾斜的可能。严禁使用抛和丢的设备。

3.4 Erected scaffolds exceeding 38m (125' feet) in height (or the national limits in the country of use) shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, or the local authority where applicable, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design.

安装高度超过38m (125英尺)（或安装地所在国的国家限制）的脚手架必须由注册专业工程师或当地授权机构设计，并且必须按规定的设计要求进行建造和负载。

3.5 The person(s) in charge of the activity, e.g., plant maintenance, construction, etc., shall ensure that any individual that has the authority and responsibility for the erection, inspection, and disassembly of scaffolding is competent to do so. The individual will be deemed competent after receiving suitable training by an approved scaffold training company or in-house expert and shall be documented.

负责这类工作的人（例如工厂维修人员、建筑人员等）必须确保有权利和责任从事脚手架安装、检查和拆卸的任何人员都必须胜任其工作。凡接受过经认可的脚手架培训公司或内部专家培训的人员均被认为合格，培训情况必须记录存档。

3.6 Scaffolds shall have guardrails, mid-rails, and toe boards installed on all open sides and ends of platforms.

在脚手架的所有开放侧和平台的端部，必须安装扶手、中间隔档和隔板。

3.6.1 Guardrails shall be installed no less than 970 mm (38\more than 1,140 mm (45\National Standard. There must not be a gap between guardrails, or between toe boards and guardrails, greater than 470 mm (18\

扶手的安装高度不得低于970 mm (38英寸)或高于1,140 mm (45英寸)，中间安装一个隔档（或者按照国家标准的要求）。扶手之间不得有断开的间隙，隔板与扶手之间的间隙不得大于470 mm (18英寸)。

3.6.2 Toe boards shall be a minimum of 102 mm (4\must be secured to prevent movement. Toe boards are to be of wood construction, aluminum, or steel preformed to match the scaffold.

隔板高度最低为102 mm (4英寸)并且必须牢固固定以防活动。隔板必须是与脚手架匹配的预制木材、铝材或钢材结构。

3.6.3 In windy conditions and certain situations, netting must be placed

between the toe board and mid-rails (and top rails in some cases) to prevent materials, i.e. paper, rags, small tools; various materials from being blown off the scaffold decking and falling onto the ground exposing people below to fall hazards.

在多风环境中和某些条件下，必须在隔板和中间隔档（有时隔板与顶部隔档）之间安装防摔网，以便防止材料（例如纸张、破布、小型工具等各种材料）被风吹下平台，落到下方地面上的暴露人身上造成摔落危险。

3.7 Scaffolds must be erected on sound surfaces and base plates must be used at all times. Footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement.

Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose brick or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds.

无论何时，脚手架都必须安装在牢固的地面上并且必须使用基础板。脚手架的地脚或固定地必须稳固，能够在承载预期最大负载的情况下不发生沉降或位移。不得用桶、箱、散砖或混凝土块之类的不稳定物体支撑脚手架。

3.8 All poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds shall be plumb and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Sufficient ties or raking shores shall be provided to ensure that the scaffold cannot fall away from the object being scaffolded.

所有的脚手架支柱、支架或上部构件都必须垂直并牢固拉撑，以防摆动和位移。要提供充分的横拉件和斜撑件以确保脚手架不会从被安装物向外倒塌。

3.9 Scaffold surfaces shall be kept clean and free from sharp edges, burrs, or other safety hazards.

脚手架的表面必须保持干净，不得有尖利边缘、毛刺或其它安全危险。

3.10 Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of the working load for which they are intended. Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of

supporting at least four (4) times the maximum intended load. Scaffolds should have their safe working loads posted or visible to those working who will be performing work on the scaffold.

脚手架不得承受超过其设计能力的工作负荷。脚手架及其组件必须能够承载至少相当于其最大拟定负载4倍的负荷。脚手架上应该悬挂安全工作负荷的标语/标识，其位置应该便于让在脚手架上工作的人看清。

3.11 Scaffold work platforms shall be fully planked with wood, aluminum, or steel scaffold planks or 51 mm X 254 mm (2\Planking Requirements and is rated to support the intended load.

脚手架的工作平台必须用木材、铝材或脚手架铺板或者用符合铺板要求并适合预期负载要求的51 mm X 254 mm (2\木料完全铺盖。

3.12 Scaffolds shall be maintained in a safe condition, and shall only be

altered by competent approved and qualified personnel. Scaffolds undergoing modification shall be withdrawn from use until the modification work has been completed, and the scaffold inspected and approved for use by a competent approved and qualified person.

必须保持脚手架的安全条件，只有经批准的和合格的胜任人员有权修改。修改脚手架时必须停止使用，直至修改完成并由一名胜任人员检查和批准重新使用为止。

3.13 Scaffolds (including mobile access towers) shall not be moved while they are in use or occupied.

在脚手架使用或被占用期间，不得移动脚手架（包括活动式进入塔）。

3.14 Scaffolds damaged or part weakened from any cause shall

immediately be replaced and shall not be used until repairs have been completed and the scaffold re-inspected.

因任何原因受损或部件弱化的脚手架都要立即更换，在完成修理和重新检查之前，不得使用。

3.15 The preferred method of access and egress to a work platform is from a ladder which shall be fitted with an access gate panel. Chain gates can only be used where access gate panels are not safely accessible. Access ladders should not exceed 9m (30' feet) in length, and shall extend a min. of 1.1m (3.5' feet) past the working platform.

进出工作平台的优选方法是使用一架梯子，梯子上要配备一个进入板门。只是在进入板门不能安全接近时才使用链条门。进出梯的长度不得超过9m (30'英尺)，并且必须延伸到工作平台上方1.1m (3.5英尺)以上。

3.16 Access ladder(s) shall be provided with each scaffold built. Access ladders must be of an approved construction, fixed on a suitable foundation, and unpainted. The ladders should be fixed at the top, bottom, and sufficient intermediate points to prevent undue sagging or movement. The recommended gradient is to be 1:4 (i.e., about 1 unit out for every 4 units in height). A chain gate shall be used on ladder frames when access gate panels are not safely accessible.

进出梯子必须与各脚手架一起建筑。进出梯必须具有经批准的结构，必须固定在牢固的基础上并且不得油漆。梯子应在顶部、底部和足够多的中间位置都固定，以防下垂或移动。推荐斜率为1:4（即：每延伸4个单位增加1个单位高度）。当进入板门不可接近时，要使用链条门。

3.17 Access or working platforms shall be no more than 9m (30' feet) apart vertically. When a scaffold height exceeds 9 m (30' feet) all additional platforms shall be on the inside of the scaffolding. If the working platforms are spaced more than 6.1m (20' feet)) apart, the ladders shall then be equipped either self- retracting lifelines or an OSHA or equivalent National approved cage. The lifeline shall be installed to an acceptable anchorage point capable to withstand

2300Kgs or (5000 Lbs) per individual attached for fall protection. Any ladder over 7.3m (24' feet) or 9.1m (30' feet) must have an intermediate platform as a means for resting on the way up.

进入平台或工作平台的垂直间距不得超过9m (30英尺)。当脚手架的高度超过9m (30英尺)时，所有的附加平台都必须位于脚手架的内部。如果工作平台间的间隔超过6.1m (20英尺)，那么，梯子上要么配备自收缩式救生绳，要么配备一个OHSA或相应国家批准的笼式救生筐。救生绳必须安装在一个可接受的固定位置，该位置要能为系在上面的每个人提供2300Kgs 或 (5000 Lbs)摔落保护力。7.3m (24英尺) ~9.1m (30英尺)的梯子必须有中间平台，以便人们攀爬时休息。

3.18 Use of pulleys, hoist arms, or other devices to hoist material is

prohibited, unless the scaffold is guyed or braced to a permanent structure to prevent tipping or has been designed to accommodate these lifting devices. 禁止用滑轮、升降臂或其它设备来提升材料，除非脚手架被拉索或拉条固定在一个永久性性结构物上或者脚手架的设计允许使用这些提升设备。

3.19 Use of ladders or makeshift devices on top of scaffold to increase its height or to provide access from above is prohibited.

禁止在脚手架的顶部使用梯子或临时设备来增加脚手架的高度或者供人从上部进入的通道。

4. PROCEDURE 程序

4.1 Safety Considerations 安全考虑

4.1.1 Depending on the nature and the area of work, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn by personnel. A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety, or where National Standards may dictate, of providing fall protection during the erection and dismantling of scaffolding. 根据工作性质和工作区域情况，工作人员必须穿戴相应的人身防护设备。在脚手架安装和拆卸期间，胜任人员必须确定摔落保护的可行性和安全性（国家标准可能强制规定）。

Note: Fall protection must be worn by workers erecting and dismantling scaffolds when exposed to falls greater than 6 feet. 注：当暴露于6英尺以上摔落危险时，安装和拆卸脚手架的工人必须穿戴摔落保护设备。

4.1.2 Personnel working on a scaffold platform with full handrail, mid rail, toe boards and gated access are not required to tie off when working inside the platform area. Safety harness shall be used during scaffold erection. Tie off is required above 2m (6' feet).

在扶手、中间隔档、隔板和进出门齐全的脚手架平台上工作的人员，如果在平台区域内

部工作，不需要系牢自己。在脚手架安装期间必须使用救生衣。2（6英尺）以上需要系牢。

4.1.3 Personal protective equipment must be used which has been identified through the Workplace Risk Assessment/Job Safety Analysis. 必须穿戴经工作场所危险评估和工作安全分析认定的人身防护设备。

4.1.4 Scaffolds shall be built or dismantled in a manner to prevent passage from under the scaffold. Caution tape should be used to mark a safe zone

around the scaffolds. Personnel access through mid rails and cross bracing is not recommended.

安装和拆卸脚手架使用的方式必须考虑脚手架下的行人安全。应该在脚手架的周围用警告带设置一个安全区域。不提倡人员通过中间隔档和拉条进入。

4.1.5 If a scaffold erection interferes with the permanent access ladder or permanent fall protection device, alternative fall protection and ladder access must be provided.

如果脚手架的安装与永久性梯子或永久性摔落保护设备相互干扰，必须提供替代的摔落保护设备和进出梯子。

4.1.6 Special precautions shall be taken to protect scaffold structure including any wire or fiber ropes when using a heat producing process.

当应用产生热量的工艺时，必须采取特别的预防措施来保护脚手架结构，包括任何导线或纤维绳索。

4.1.7 Falling objects protection must be installed to provide protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects. This can be accomplished by using toe boards, screens or brick guards; guard rails systems, nets, catch platforms, or canopy structure methods. These systems must be capable of containing or deflecting falling objects. Overhead protection shall be provided for individuals working on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.

必须安装落物保护装置以便为手工工具、废物和其它小物件的掉落提供摔落保护。可以通过使用隔板、防护网或防护墙、扶手系统、防摔网、保护平台或天棚结构等方式来提供防落物保护。这些装置必须能够承受或转移落物的冲击力。要为在脚手架顶部工作的人员提供防架空危险的保护。

4.1.8 Individuals shall not work on scaffolds during a storm or high winds. Every effort should be made to exit the scaffold prior to electrical storms. Scaffolds should only be sheeted in where the scaffold structure (including ties and/or raking shores) has been specifically designed to accommodate the additional wind loads that this imposes.

在暴雨或大风天气条件下，人员不得在脚手架上工作。在雷雨来临之前，应努力走出脚手架。只是在脚手架结构（包括横拉撑和/或斜拉撑）经特别设计能够承受额外的风力负荷的情况下，才可以封闭脚手架。

4.1.9 Individuals shall not work on scaffolding, which is covered with ice or snow, unless all ice or snow is removed and planking is covered with antiskid material to prevent slipping. This is because the deadweight of ice and snow can lead to significant overloading of the scaffold structure.

人员不得在覆盖着冰雪的脚手架上工作，除非所有的冰或雪均被清除并在铺板上覆盖防滑材料以防人员滑倒。这是因为冰雪的净重可能使脚手架结构严重超载。

4.1.10 Tools, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in quantities to cause a hazard.

不允许大量堆积工具、材料和废物以防导致危险。

4.1.11 Partly erected/dismantled scaffold must have suitable warning signs posted in prominent locations, be barricaded off, or policed to prevent unauthorized entry. The use of Scaffold tags is strongly recommended.

必须在部分安装或拆卸的脚手架的显眼位置上悬挂合适的警告标语，或者加以警戒，以防未经授权的人员进入。强烈建议使用脚手架标识。

4.1.12 When scaffold material is stored on-site, it is advisable to store the material under dry conditions.

当脚手架材料在现场储存时，建议把材料储存在干燥条件下。

4.1.13 Scaffolds are not to be placed closer than 9m (30' feet) to live power lines, or no closer than the minimum clearance specified by the National Electrical Safety guidelines in the country of jurisdiction. In some countries grounding of the scaffold structure is required.

脚手架离赋电电力线距离不得少于9m (30英尺)，也不得少于管辖国的国家电力安全指南中规定的最小间距。在某些国家，要求脚手架必须接地。

4.1.14 Scaffold accessories shall be used and installed in accordance with manufacturer's recommended procedures. Accessories shall not be altered in the field.

必须按照制造厂推荐程序使用和安装脚手架的附件。不得在现场改变附件。

4.1.15 Personnel who perform work on scaffolding systems must be trained according to the requirements outlined by Air Products or according to national or local regulations. Retraining is required in at least in the following situations: 在脚手架装置上执行工作的人员必须按照APCI 的要求或者按照国家或当地条例的要求接受培训。必须至少按以下条件接受再培训：

4.1.15.1 Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which any employee has not been previously trained.

因工作场所变化导致脚手架存在危险，而员工以前均未接受过此类培训。

4.1.15.2 Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained.

因脚手架、摔落保护、落物防护或其它设备的类型变化导致脚手架存在危险，而员工以前均未接受过此类培训。

4.1.15.3 Where inadequacies in an affected employee's work involving scaffolding indicates that the employee has not retained the requisite proficiency.

涉及脚手架的受影响员工的工作不充分，说明员工没有掌握必要的熟练技术。

4.1.15.4 Where changes to the procedure have taken place, which an employee has not been previously trained.

程序已改变，而员工以前均未接受过此类培训。

Note: The Following Environmental Considerations:

Metal scaffold platforms should be used during Lead Abatement Activities whenever possible, to eliminate contamination and cleanup of wood walk boards.

注：考虑以下环境因素：

在除铅操作期间，可能时，应该使用金属脚手架平台以排除木质铺板的污染和清洗问题。

4.2 Scaffold Inspection 脚手架检查

4.2.1 Scaffolding shall be inspected by a competent, qualified and certified scaffold inspector prior to use, after any modification, or after any occurrence which could affect the integrity of the scaffold structure. This shall either be the contractor responsible for the provision of the scaffold or an Air Products employee trained in the proper erection, inspection and use of scaffolding. The results and periodic frequency of such inspections shall be recorded and Scaffold Tags posted in a prominent location at each access point to show the inspection status of the scaffold and next inspection period.

脚手架使用前、任何修改后或发生可能影响脚手架完整性的任何情况后，都必须由取得合格证书的合格和胜任的脚手架检查员对脚手架进行检查。检查工作必须由负责提供脚手架的承包商完成，或者由接受过脚手架安装、检查和使用等相应培训的APCI 人员完成。这类检查的结果和检查频率必须予以记录，并在各进入口的显著位置悬挂脚手架标牌以便向人们提示脚手架的检查情况和下一次的检查周期。

The periodic frequency shall depend on factors such as the type of scaffold, site and weather conditions, intensity of use, age of the equipment, and how often sections or components are added, removed or changed, but should never exceed 1 week (7 days). These kinds of factors will determine how quickly or

how slowly safety related faults, loose connections, degradation and other defects could be expected to develop, and consequently indicate whether inspections should be conducted more frequently than every 7 days.

检查频率取决于脚手架的类型、现场和天气条件、使用密度、设备寿命以及脚手架组件的增加、拆除或改变的频次等因素，不过，检查周期不应超过一星期（7天）。这些因素将决定可能造成与安全有关的故障、连接松脱、品质恶化和其它缺陷等的发展速度的快与慢，从而决定检查频率是否需要高于每7天一次。

4.2.1.1 For routine maintenance activities, all scaffolding shall be inspected daily or before each work shift.

关于日常维护活动：所有脚手架都要每天检查一次或者每个轮班之前检查一次。

4.2.1.2 For Construction and Turnaround Activities, all scaffolding shall be inspected at least once before each work shift or more periodic as determined by the scaffold inspector.

关于建筑和检修活动：所有脚手架都要在每个轮班之前检查一次或者根据脚手架检查员的决定进行周期更短的检查。

Note: \and the amount of time expected for detrimental effects to occur, there is a good likelihood that problems will be found before they pose a hazard to working individuals. 注：：―周期‖指上述因素发生的频率和预期发生不利影响所需的时间量，在这一时间段里，在问题发展成为对工作人员构成危险之前，很可能被发现。

4.3.2 Upon completion of a scaffold, the scaffold inspector shall inspect the scaffold. When a scaffold is approved by the inspector a green 'SCAFFOLD COMPLETED' - 'READY FOR USE' or a yellow 'No Access' tag will be inserted into the danger tag holder. If it is not approved, the inspector will attach a red tag into the danger tag holder indicating that the scaffold is not suitable for use. The red tag must remain in place until the scaffold is repaired and inspected by a competent person

脚手架竣工后，脚手架检查员必须检查脚手架。当一个脚手架被检查员批准时，将悬挂一个―脚手架竣工 – 可以投用‖的绿色标牌，而黄色的―不准进入‖标牌则表示脚手架存在危险。如果未获得批准，检查员将在有危险的脚手架上悬挂一块红色标牌，表示该脚手架不适合使用。在脚手架被修理并通过一名胜任人员检查之前，红色标牌必须一直保留在原位。

4.3.2.1 The Inspector will date and sign the \defects in scaffold construction noting total working load on tag.

当脚手架结构不存在缺陷时，将在―绿色‖标牌上签署日期和姓名，并在标牌上记录总工作负荷。

4.3.2.2 The Inspector will date and sign the \any restrictions or cautions associated with the scaffold noting the total working

load on tag.

检查员将在―黄色‖警告性标牌上签署日期和姓名，并填写与脚手架有关的任何限制或警告，并标注脚手架的总工作负荷。

4.3.2.3 The Inspector will date and sign a \scaffold is not to be used because it is being modified or is not suitable for people to be working on it.

检查员将在―红色‖标牌上签署日期和姓名，指出该脚手架不得使用，因为它已被修改或不适合人员在其上工作。

4.3.3 No unauthorized modifications will be made to any scaffold. Only approved scaffold builders are permitted to modify a scaffold.

不得对任何脚手架进行未经授权的修改。只允许经批准的脚手架建筑人修改脚手架。

4.3.4 Scaffolding that is required to support a load must visibly display the maximum load permitted and all persons using the scaffold must be informed of the restrictions of use for the particular arrangement (load capacity, general access, inspection only, etc.). The sign should be legible and written in the native language to ensure full understanding. In some cases, dual language signs may be necessary.

需要承受负荷的脚手架必须清楚地显示最大允许负载，必须向所有使用该脚手架的人员通报特别的使用限制（仅指负载能力、一般进入、检查等）。标语/标识应该醒目并用母语书写以确保人员完全理解。在某写情况下，可能必须用双语书写。

4.3.5 Scaffolds shall be rated for total working load at time of inspection. To determine total working load, multiply length times width to find the square feet of the working area. Multiply working area by allowable load per square foot. 在检查期间，必须确定额定总工作负荷。为了确定总工作负荷，要用长乘以宽来计算工作面的平方英尺数，再用工作面积乘以每平方英尺的允许负荷。

Example: 1.5m (5' feet) wide by 2.1m (7 feet) long, 1.5m X 2.1m = 3.15 square meters (5'x7' = 35 square feet). Multiply this number 3.15 (35) times the working load per square meters (square foot) from the load chart found in OSHA's 1926 Subpart \ 例如：1.5m (5英尺)宽乘以 2.1m (7英尺)长： 1.5m X 2.1m = 3.15 平方米(5'x7' = 35 平方英尺)。把3.15 (35)乘以从OSHA's 1926 Subpart \的负荷表或相应表格中查到的每平方米（平方英尺）工作负荷后，就可以计算出总工作负荷。

Note: The Lumber basis for this is \ 注：数字依据来源于―Douglas Fir‖。

Example: Full thickness undressed lumber

Working load 22.7 Kg-per square meter (50 lb-per square foot) Permissible span 2.4m (8' feet).

3.15 meter squared X 22.7 Kg per squared meter = 71.5 Kg -Total working load (35 square feet x 50 p.s.f. = 1,750 pounds Total working load). 例如：整块原木

每平方米工作负荷22.7 Kg（50 lb/平方英尺） 允许跨距2.4m (8英尺)

3.15 平方米 X 22.7 Kg/平方米= 71.5 Kg——总工作负荷（35 平方英尺 x 50 p.s.f. = 1,750磅总工作负荷）。

Example: Nominal thickness lumber (dressed)

Working load 11.1Kgs per square meter (25Lbs per square foot)

3.15 meters squared X 11.1 kgs per squared meter = 35 Kgs -Total working load (35 square feet x 25 p.s.f. = 875 pounds - Total Working Load) 例如：公称厚度木料（加工）

工作负荷11.1Kgs/平方米（25Lbs/平方英尺）

3.15 平方米X 11.1 kgs/平方米 = 35 Kgs——总工作负荷（35平方英尺 x 25 p.s.f. = 875磅——总工作负荷）

NOTE: FOR PERMISSIBLE SPAN - USE THE NEXT HIGHER NUMBER FOR LENGTH OF SPAN.

注：关于允许间距——使用次高数目的间距长度。

4.3.6 The minimum permitted widths for scaffold are as follows (unless specified by national regulations):

脚手架的最低允许宽度如下（国家条例另有规定的除外）：

General

一般要求 640 mm (2ft)

For men and materials

用来承载人员和材料 870 mm (3 ft) For supporting another platform

用来支撑另一个平台 1070 mm (3.5 ft) For the side of a sloping roof

用来作为斜屋顶的边缘 440 mm (1.5 ft)

4.3.7 Scaffold boards are to be supported as follows (unless national regulations are more stringent):

脚手架铺板按以下方法支撑（国家条例的规定更为严格的情况除外）：

Thickness of board

铺板厚度 Maximum Spacing 最大间距

51 mm (2 in) 2590 mm (8 ft)

4.3.8 Scaffold planking shall be scaffold grade as recognized by grading

rules for the species of wood and stamped on the plank.

要根据木材种类和铺板上打印的标记的分类原则，铺设脚手架铺板。

4.3.9 When a scaffold is built around a line or object, the following guidelines are to be followed:

当脚手架在一条管线或一个物体的周围架设时，要遵循以下指导原则：

4.3.9.1 Toe-board shall be installed around the object. 在物体周围安装隔板。

4.3.9.2 Planking shall be covered with plywood 15.87 mm (5/8\greater and capable of supporting the intended load.

铺板上要覆盖一层厚度等于或大于15.87 mm (5/8英寸)的胶合板并且必须能够承受拟定的负载。

4.3.9.3 Scaffolds shall be planked end-to-end on each side of the object. The planking needs to be supported around the object to ensure the decking or planking will sufficiently hold the intended weight of people and tools and materials.

脚手架铺板必须与物体的各侧接触。铺板需要围绕物体的周围支撑，以确保台面或铺板足以承载人员、工具和材料的预期重量。

4.3.10 All brackets shall be seated correctly with side brackets parallel to frames and end brackets 90° to the frame. Brackets shall not be bent or twisted from normal positions.

所有的托架都必须正确布置，侧向支架要与框架平行，端部支架要与框架呈90°角。托架不得弯曲或从正常位置扭曲。

4.3.11 Scaffolds shall be visually checked by the user prior to use to ensure that no unauthorized changes have been made and that the status tag is still valid. If the tag is not valid, the scaffold shall be removed from service by removing the scaffold tag until repairs are made and the scaffold has been re-inspected. A red tag should be fixed to the scaffolding indicating no one is to use it.

脚手架在使用前要经过使用人的肉眼检查，以确保没有未经授权的变更并且脚手架状态标牌仍然有效。如果标牌失效，必须摘下，脚手架退出使用，直至完成对脚手架的修理并重新通过检验为止。不准任何人使用的脚手架上应该悬挂红色标牌。

4.3.12 Where gin wheels/pulleys (including ropes) or other accessories are fitted to the scaffold, these are to be included into the scope of all inspections mentioned in this procedure.

如果脚手架上装配辘轳/滑轮（包括绳索）或其它附件，这些设备都必须纳入本程序所述的所有检查范围。

4.3.13 When it is proposed to use a lightweight mobile scaffold platforms for light duty work, the scaffold shall be subject to the following:

在建议使用轻便型活动式脚手架从事轻便工作时，脚手架必须符合以下条件：

4.3.13.1 The scaffold is used with all bracing and outriggers in position and wheels locked.

脚手架的所有支撑和外伸支架都要安装就位，所有轮子锁定。

4.3.13.2 All scaffold is used on level firm ground only. 脚手架都只准在水平、坚硬的地面上使用。

4.3.13.3 All points of the scaffold are fully supported by the ground. 脚手架的所有各点位都由地面完全支撑。

4.3.13.4 The individuals erecting the scaffold have been properly trained in its use.

安装脚手架的人都已接受过关于脚手架用途的培训。

4.3.13.5 The height of the scaffold shall not exceed the smallest base dimension by a factor greater than 3:1, subject to the manufacturer confirming that the scaffold is suitable for this and that the manufacturer instruction and information are available. If no information exists, assume 2:1 as the maximum ratio. Additionally, the smallest base dimension shall not be less than 1200 mm (4' feet).

脚手架的高度不得超过最小基本尺寸（用大于3:1的因数计算的尺寸），除非制造厂确认脚手架适合使用并且持有制造厂的说明书和资料。如果没有这类资料，假定按2:1的最大比率计算。另外，最小基础尺寸不得小于1200 mm (4英尺)。

4.3.13.6 Ladders must not be used to extend the height of the scaffold. 不得用梯子来延伸脚手架的高度。

4.4 SCAFFOLD INSPECTION CHECKLISTS 脚手架检查表

4.4.1 The following safety checklists and qualified personnel shall be utilized when inspecting scaffolds.

检查脚手架时，必须使用以下安全检查表和合格的检查人员。

4.4.1.1 Stationary Scaffold Safety Checklist (Appendix 1) 静态脚手架安全检查表（附录1）

4.4.1.2 Rolling Tower Safety Checklist (Appendix 2) 滚动塔安全检查表（附录2）

4.5 PERSONNEL INSTRUCTIONS 人员教育

4.5.1 All personnel using scaffolds shall be instructed in the proper and safe use of scaffolding as stated in the world wide training procedures, or according to national or local regulations.

所有使用脚手架的人员都必须按照全球培训程序的规定或者按照国家或当地条例的要求，接受正确和安全使用脚手架的教育。

4.5.2 Scaffold inspectors shall be trained in the proper safe erection, inspection, use, and dismantling of scaffolding. Refresher training shall be required annually.

脚手架检查员必须接受相应的安全安装、检查、使用和拆卸脚手架的培训。每年度要接受一次再培训。

4.5.3 A scaffold inspector shall not build and inspect the same scaffold. 脚手架检查员不得建造和检查同一个脚手架。

4.5.4 The scaffold inspector should be trained and familiar with the fall protection requirements.

脚手架检查员应该接受摔落保护培训并熟悉摔落保护要求。

5. RELATED PROCEDURES AND INFORMATION 相关文件和资料

01.05.01.A Work Place Risk Assessment/Job Safety Analysis 工作场所危险评估/工作安全分析

01.05.06.A Personal Protective Equipment Overview 人身防护设备概述

01.05.21.A Fall Protection 摔落保护

02.05.05.US Scaffolding. 脚手架

OSHA 1926 1926.450/51/52/54 OSHA 29CFR General Requirements Standard, Interpretation and Compliance.

1926.450/51/52/54 OSHA 29CFR一般要求的标准、解释和执行 OSHA 1910,26 1926.Subpart L, 1910.12/ 28 Difference between Maintenance and Construction.

1926.Subpart L, 1910.12/ 28维修和建筑之间的差异

BS 5973:1993 Code of Practice for Access and Working Scaffolds and Special Scaffold Structures in Steel.

进入/工作用途的脚手架和特别的钢结构脚手架的执行规范

BS 5974:1990 Code of Practice for Temporarily Installed Suspended Scaffolds and Access Equipment

安装临时悬浮脚手架和进入设备的执行规范

6. DEFINITIONS定义

Scaffolding is defined as any temporary working platform (Supported or Suspended) and its support, decking, ladders, guard rails, toe boards, and all other accessories which provide access on or from which individuals work, or is used to support materials, plants, or equipment.

脚手架被定义为向人们提供进入其上或在其上工作或者用来承载材料、装置或设备的任何临时工作平台（支撑的或悬浮的）及其支撑件、铺板、梯子、扶手、隔板和所有其它附件。

7. REVISION SUMMARY 修订一览表

Rev.版次 Date日期 Coordinator协调人 Description of Revision 修订说明

1P0 November 2001 G. Stull/M. Patel Draft草案

1P1 August 2002 A. Nammari Draft completely rewritten 草案完全重写

Appendix 1附录1

AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS INC. 空气产品和化工有限公司

STATIONARY SCAFFOLD SAFETY CHECKLIST静态脚手架安全检查表

Work Request Number:工作申请号：

Area: 区域：

Date of Inspection: 检查日期： Inspector: 检查人： Working Load: 工作负荷： Pounds: 磅

Yes是 No否 Action/Comments措施/评论 1. Is the scaffold designed for the intended working load and

posted?

脚手架被用于预期的工作负荷并悬挂了标牌了吗？ 2. Are scaffold components and planking in safe condition for use and is plank rated for scaffold use?

脚手架组件和铺板处于安全的使用条件吗？铺板的额定负荷适合脚手架的用途吗？

3. Frame spacing and sill size capable of carrying intended loadings?

框架间距和横木尺寸能够承载预期的负荷吗？ 4. Have competent persons been in charge of

erection?

始终由胜任人员负责安装吗？

5. Are sills properly placed and adequately sized? 横木按正确的间距布置并且尺寸充分吗？

6. Have screw jacks been used to level and plumb scaffold instead of unstable

objects such as concrete blocks, loose bricks, etc.? 用千斤顶螺钉而不是用不稳定的混凝土块、散砖块等物体来校平脚手架并用铅锤检查脚手架的垂直度了吗？

7. Are base plates and/or screw jacks in firm contact with sills and frame?

基础板和/或千斤顶螺钉与横木和框架牢固接触吗？ 8. Are all scaffold legs braced with braces properly attached?

所有的脚手架支柱都用所附的拉撑件正确拉撑了吗？ 9. Are guardrails, mid-rails and toe boards in place on all open sides and ends

above 1.2m (4’ feet)?

1.2m (4’ feet)以上的所有开放侧开放端都安装了扶手、中间隔档和隔板了吗？

10. Have the brackets/load bearing fittings/coupler clamps/nuts and bolts been

properly tightened?

托架/负荷承载配件/连接夹/螺母和螺栓都已正确紧固了吗？

11. Has proper access/fall protection been provided?

进入通道都已提供了摔落保护设备了吗？

12. Are Access ladders guarded or equipped to be used with fall arrest systems

进入梯都已安装了保护装置或者配备了防摔落装置了吗？

13. Has overhead protection or wire screening been provided where necessary?

已经在需要的地方提供了架空电线保护装置或电线保护屏蔽了吗？

14. Have free-standing towers been guyed or tied every 6.1m (20’ feet) in height?

独立塔式脚手架已按每6.1m (20英尺)高度间隔用拉索固定了吗？

15. Have brackets and accessories been properly installed:

托架和附件已经正确安装： a. Brackets? 支架？

b. Tube and clamp? 管道和固定夹？ c. All nuts and bolts tightened?

所有的螺母和螺栓紧固？

16. Is scaffold free of makeshift devices or ladders to increase height?

脚手架无用来增加高度的临时装置或梯子吗？ 17. Are working level platforms fully planked between

guardrails?

扶手之间的工作平台完全覆盖了铺板了吗？

18. Does wood planking extend a minimum of 152mm (6‖ inches) and a maximum of 305mm (12‖ inches) over end supports? 铺板向支架末端延伸部分最少为152mm (6英寸)、最多为305mm (12英寸)吗？

19. Does wood planking have cleats installed at end supports to prevent sliding?

木材铺板上在支架端部安装了防滑止挡了吗？ 20. Are toe boards installed securely for this type scaffold?

在这类脚手架上牢固地安装了隔板了吗？

21. Have you checked the method of hoisting poles and boards up the scaffolds?

Can the boards slip out and fall if a slipknot fails? 你已核查过向脚手架上提升杆材和板材的方法了吗？如果接头发生故障，板材会滑落吗？

Is a support sack being used at the bottom of the load?

在负载的下方使用了支承袋了吗？ 22. Have hazardous conditions been provided for:

预防以下危险条件了吗： a. Power lines & grounding requirements? 动力线和接地要求？ b. Wind loading?

风力负荷？

c. Possible wash out of footings? 地脚被冲刷的可能？

d. Uplift and overturning moments due to placement of brackets, put-logs

or other causes?

因托架、跳板横木位移或其它原因导致脚手架浮升和倾斜运动？

23. If a tarpaulin/sheeting is secured to the scaffolding, has the scaffolding been designed to withstand the additional wind-load? 如果脚手架上固定了帆布/铁皮，脚手架的设计能力能够承受额外的风力负荷

吗？

24. Scaffold inspection tag attached to scaffold? 脚手架上附加了脚手架检查标牌了吗？ a. Signed? 签字？ b. Dated? 日期？

c. Restrictions noted? 说明限制条件？

Appendix 2 附录2

AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS INC. 空气产品或化工有限公司

ROLLING TOWER SAFETY CHECKLIST 移动塔安全检查表

Work Request Number:工作申请号：

Area: 区域：

Date of Inspection: 检查日期： Inspector: 检查人： Working Load: 工作负荷： Pounds: 磅

Yes是 No否 Action/Comments措施/评论 1. Is the scaffold designed for the intended working load and posted?

脚手架被用于预期的工作负荷并悬挂标牌了吗？ 2. Is the scaffold height less than four (4) times the minimum base width?

脚手架的高度小于最小基础宽度的4倍吗？

3. Are scaffold components and planking in safe condition for use and is plank rated for scaffolds intended use?

脚手架组件和铺板处于安全的使用条件吗？脚手架铺板的额定负荷符合脚手架的拟定用途吗？

4. Have competent persons been in charge of erection?

始终由胜任人员负责安装吗？

5. Have screw jacks been used to level and plumb scaffold (maximum of 305mm (12\

用千斤顶螺钉校平并用铅锤检查移动脚手架的垂直度了吗？（最大高度305mm (12英寸)）

6. Are casters in firm contact with floor (ground working surface)?

小脚轮与层面（工作表面）紧密接触吗？

7 . Are casters of proper size with effective locking devices? (203mm (8\inches) casters minimum)

小脚轮的尺寸适合有效使用锁定装置吗？（小脚轮最小尺寸为203mm (8 英寸)）

8. Has horizontal diagonal bracing been positioned properly at the base and intermediate levels of 6.1m (20’ feet)? 在底层和中间层每隔6.1m (20英尺)安装了横向对角支撑了吗？

9. Are guardrails, mid-rails and toe boards in place on all open sides and ends above four 1.2m (4’ feet)?

1.2m (4英尺)以上的所有开放侧和开放端都安装了扶手、中间隔档和隔板了吗？

10. Have the brackets/load bearing fittings/coupler clamps/nuts and bolts been properly tightened? 托架/负荷承载配件/连接夹/螺母和螺栓都已正确紧固了吗？

11. Has proper access/fall protection been provided?

进入通道都已提供了摔落保护设备了吗？

12. Are Access ladders guarded or equipped to be used with fall arrest systems

进入梯都已安装了保护装置或者配备了防摔落保护装置了吗？

13. Have brackets and accessories been properly

installed:

托架和附件已经正确安装了： a. Brackets? 支架？

b. Tube and clamp? 管道和管夹？ c. All nuts and bolts tightened?

所有的螺母和螺栓紧固？

14. Is scaffold free of makeshift devices or ladders to increase height?

脚手架没有为了增加高度安装临时装置或梯子吗？ 15. Are working level platforms fully planked between

guardrails?

扶手之间的工作平台完全覆盖了铺板了吗？

16. Does wood planking extend a minimum of 152mm (6‖ inches) and a maximum of 305mm (12‖ inches) over end supports? 铺板向支架末端延伸部分最少为152mm (6英寸)、最多为305mm (12英寸)吗？

17. Does wood planking have cleats installed at end supports to prevent sliding?

木材铺板上在支架端部安装了防滑止挡了吗？ 18. Are planks secured to prevent displacement or

uplift?

为了防止位移或浮升，所有的铺板都固定了吗？ 19. Are toe boards installed securely for this type scaffold?

在这类脚手架上牢固地安装了隔板了吗？

20. Have you checked the method of hoisting poles and boards up the scaffolds?

Can the boards slip out and fall if a slip-knot fails? 你已核查过向脚手架上提升杆材和板材的方法了吗？如果接头发生故障，板材会滑落吗？

Is a support sack being used at the bottom of the load?

在负载的下方使用了支承袋了吗？ 21. Have hazardous conditions been provided for:

预防以下危险条件了吗： a. Power lines & grounding requirements ? 电力线和接地要求？

b. Un-level working surfaces? 上层工作面？ c. Possible wash-out of footings? 地脚可能被冲

刷？

d. Are casters properly installed? 正确的安装了小脚轮了吗？

22. If a tarpaulin/sheeting is secured to the scaffolding, has the scaffolding been designed to withstand the additional wind load?

如果脚手架上固定了帆布/铁皮，脚手架的设计能力能够承受额外的风力负荷吗？

23. Have ladders and access gates been installed and tightened properly?

已经安装了梯子和进入门并且正确地固定了吗？ Scaffold inspection tag attached to scaffold?

脚手架上附加了脚手架检查标牌了吗？ a. Signed? 签字？ b. Dated? 日期？ c. Restrictions noted? 说明限制条件？[/hide]

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